• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.53.1-53.11
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• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the incidence of root dentin defects after the use of different post space preparation (PSP) drills. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two bovine incisors were selected and obtained 14-mm-long root sections. Twelve roots served as controls with no intervention (G1). The 60 root canals remaining were instrumented using the crown-down technique with the ProTaper Next system and obturated using the lateral condensation technique. Specimens were randomly distributed into 5 groups (n = 12) according to the operative steps performed: G2, root canal instrumentation and filling (I+F); G3, I+F and PSP with Gates-Glidden drills; G4, I+FI+F and PSP with Largo-Peeso reamers; G5, I+F and PSP with Exacto drill; and G6, I+F and PSP with WhitePost drill. Roots were sectioned at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm from the apex, and digital images were captured. The presence of root dentin defects was recorded. Data were analyzed by the χ² test, with p < 0.05 considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Root dentin defects were observed in 39.6% of the root sections. No defects were observed in G1. G5 had significantly more cracks and craze lines than G1, G2, and G3 (p < 0.05), and more fractures than G1, G2, G3, and G4 (p < 0.05). When all root sections were analyzed together, significantly more defects were observed at the 12-mm level than at the 3-mm level (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PSP drills caused defects in the root dentin. Gates-Glidden drills caused fewer root defects than Largo-Peeso reamers and Exacto drills.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.353-364
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of psychotic patient after applying anger management video and tea gathering program to psychotic patient. This study was an experimental research and used nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design. Study subjects were 16 patients for an experimental group and 16 for a control group-32 in total- who were psychotic patients hospitalized in a closed ward in H mental hospital. The measurement variable is an aggressiveness scale, and the effect of the program was measured once after the video program and once after eight tea gathering. Data Analysis methods were real number and percentage, average and standard deviation, χ² test, t-test, paired t-test, and Repeated measure ANOVA. The aggression of an experiment group was significantly lower than the control group(F=14.38, p< .001). Aggressive sub-item, hostility (F=8.53, p< .001), anger (F=6.10, p=.004), verbal aggression(F=7.58, p< .001), physical aggression(F=13.92, p< .001) all of tte experiment group was significantly lower than control group. Based on these results, anger management programs can be used as basic data for anger control in psychotic patient or in various groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.97-111
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• 2023

Purpose: Childhood obesity has become a social problem due to the social distancing necessitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This study aimed to identify the dietary problems of obese children through various dietary assessment methods and to confirm the usefulness of each method. Methods: The subjects were 88 students in the 4th to 6th grade of elementary school who participated in the nutrition camp organised by the Busan Metropolitan Office of Education, 2020. To evaluate dietary problems and assess diet quality, 24-hour meal records, monthly food intake frequency, and Dietary Screening Test (DST) data were analyzed. Results: Of the subjects, 15.7%, 30.3%, and 53.9% were normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. The average age was 11.77 ± 0.77 years and the average body mass index was 23.96 ± 3.01 kg/m². It was observed from the 24-hour meal record method that the overweight and obese subject groups consumed fewer green vegetables (p < 0.001) and white vegetables (p < 0.01) than the normal weight group. In the monthly food intake frequency method, the consumption of ramen (p < 0.01), snacks (p < 0.05), and sausages (p < 0.05) were high in the obese group, and that of anchovies, broccoli, and sweet pumpkin was high in the normal group (p < 0.05). The comparative data from the DST revealed that the overweight and obese groups had less vegetable intake than the normal weight group (p < 0.01) and had higher intakes of dairy products, fast food, and sweet snacks (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The usefulness of each method in the dietary evaluation of obese children was confirmed. To address the problem of obesity, it is necessary to evaluate the dietary problem and approach it with a customized solution tailor-made for the individual subject.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2004

Previously, we synthesized a novel Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, MCS-5A. Also, we investigated the involvement of cell cycle regulatory events during MCS-5A-mediated apoptosis in HL-60(+p16/-p53) cells with up-regulation of p16 protein expression. In contrast, apoptosis was not observed in A549(-p16/+p53) cells. Therefore we propose that $p16^{INK4A}$ is a key enzyme for inducing apoptosis. In the present studies, we have explored the mechanism of $p16^{INK4A}$ -mediated cytotoxicity and the role of p16.sup INK4A/ overexpression in the induction of apoptosis in human tumor cells. The tumor suppressor gene $p16^{INK4A}$ is known as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) and cell cycle regulator. We expressed wild type $p16^{INK4A}$ in pcDNA3.1 vector and then transfected into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell expressing different statue of p16$^{INK4A}$, p53 gene〔A549(-p16/+p53), H1299(-p16/-p53) and HeLa(+pl6/+p53) cell line〕. TUNEL assay (including propidium iodide staining following transfection of these cell line with pcDNA3.1-pl6) indicate that p16$^{INK4A}$-mediated cytotoxicity was associated with apoptosis. This is supported by studies demonstrating an induction of caspase 3 cleavage due to the transfection of A549, H1299 and HeLa cells with pcDNA3.1-pl6. These results suggest that p16$^{INK4A}$ has a new function of inducing apoptosis which is not related with the function of tumor suppressor gene p53.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.132-145
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• 2023

In this study, culture conditions were optimized to confirm the feasibility of Acetobacter pasteurianus as a starter for fermentation vinegar. Acetobacter pasteurianus strain can be used as a food ingredient. The optimal temperature and pH conditions of the selected Acetobacter pasteurianus SRCM101388 were 28℃ and pH 6.00, respectively. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the composition of the medium, and Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to obtain the effective selection of culture medium, resulting in that glucose, sucrose, and yeast extract had the highest effect on increasing biomass. The optimal concentration, which was performed by central composite design (CCD), were determined to be 10.73 g/L of glucose, 3.98 g/L of sucrose, and 18.73 g/L of yeast extract, respectively. The optimal concentrations of trace elements for the production of biomass were found to be 1 g/L of ammonium sulfate, 0.5 g/L of magnesium sulfate, 2 g/L of sodium phosphate monobasic, 2 g/L of sodium phosphate dibasic, and the final optimized medium was pH 6.10. When incubated in a 5 L jar fermenter, the SRCM101388 strain showed a faster-dissolved oxygen (DO) reduction at a lower agitation rate (rpm), and it was able to grow even at reduced DO level when aeration was maintained. The amount of final biomass produced was 2.53±0.12×10⁹ CFU/mL (9.40±0.02 log CFU/mL) when incubated for 18 hours at 150 rpm, 0.5 vvm, pH 6.0, and 28℃.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.175-187
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• 2016

This study evaluated the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-enriched fermented sea tangle (GFST), as a functional food, on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-related muscle growth and lipolysis, in a sarcopenic obesity high-risk group. Twenty-one middle-aged women (53-63 y) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Participants ingested either 1,000 mg of GFST (n = 10) or a sucrose placebo (CON) (n = 11) everyday, for 8 weeks. Subjects were asked to abstain from any regular exercise. Fasting venous blood samples, body composition and muscular strength were measured before and after supplementation period. Collectively, we demonstrated that GFST significantly decreased total fat mass and triglyceride in body composition, as well as significantly increasing serum BDNF (p < 0.001), angiotensin converting enzyme (p < 0.001), human growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively) accompanied by increased total lean mass (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the reported improvements in total work, knee extension and flexion at 60° s⁻¹ (p < 0.05), and peak torque normalized to body weight of knee flexion at 60° s⁻¹ (p < 0.05), support an ergogenic effect of GABA associated with increased growth factor levels. The use of GFST, as a functional food ingredient, to elicit anti-obesity effects and stimulate the release of muscle-related growth factors with increasing serum BDNF levels may provide a protective intervention for age-related degeneration such as sarcopenic obesity.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.21-32
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between age and 34 radiomorphometric parameters on panoramic radiographs, and to provide generalized linear models (GLMs) as a non-invasive, inexpensive, and accurate method to the forensic judgement of living individual's age. Methods: The study included 417 digital panoramic radiographs of Korean individuals (178 males and 239 females, mean age: 32.57±17.81 years). Considering the skeletal differences between the sexes, GLMs were obtained separately according to sex, as well as across the total sample. For statistical analysis and to predict the accuracy of the new GLMs, root mean squared error (RMSE) and adjusted R-squared (R²) were calculated. Results: The adjusted R²-values of the developed GLMs in the total sample, and male and female groups were 0.623, 0.637, and 0.660, respectively (p<0.001), while the allowable RMSE values were 8.80, 8.42, and 8.53 years, respectively. In the GLM of the total sample, the most influential predictor of greater age was decreased pulp area in the #36 first molar (beta=-26.52; p<0.01), followed by the presence of periodontitis (beta=10.24; p<0.01). In males, the most influential factor was the presence of periodontitis (beta=9.20; p<0.05), followed by the number of full veneer crowns (beta=2.19; p<0.001). In females, the most influential predictor was the presence of periodontitis (beta=18.10; p<0.001), followed by the tooth area of the #16 first molar (beta=-11.57; p<0.001). Conclusions: We established acceptable GLM for each sex and found out the predictors necessary to age estimation which can be easily found in panoramic radiographs. Our study provides reference that parameters such as the area of tooth and pulp, the number of teeth treated, and the presence of periodontitis should be considered in estimating age.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.172-179
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• 2022

Sweet potato varieties with high fiber content in the storage root have poor texture when steamed or roasted. This study investigates the difference in fiber content among sweet potato varieties by soil and climate. The average fiber content of 'Hogammi', 'Sodammi', 'Pungwonmi', 'Danjami', and 'Jinyulmi' cultivars from the samples collected at farms in Haenam, Muan, and Unbong, Korea were 95.71, 66.73, 44.55, 40.55, and 38.53 mg/100g FW, respectively. There was no significant difference between site-specific conditions and varieties. Based on the degree of visual fibrousness, 'Hogammi' has an average of 3.6-4.0 with many thick stringy fibers. The fiber content of the 'Hogammi' cultivar was measured across 19 sites representing the main sweet potato growing regions of Korea. The fiber content was between 115.82 and 114.6 mg/100g in Haenam 2 and Boryeong 1, and 87.46 mg/100g in Hamyang. However, the fiber content at the remaining 16 sites was within the range of 94.63-108.52 mg/100g, although there were some site-level differences. The fiber content of the sweet potato storage roots were positively correlated with soil phosphorus (R² = 0.58^**), organic matter (R² = 0.52^*), and pH (R² = 0.51^*), which had a significance of 1% and 5%. The fiber content of sweet potato storage roots was found to have increased with increasing phosphorus content, organic matter and pH in the soil. However, there was no correlation with the amount of precipitation, days of precipitation and hours of sunshine with the fiber content of sweet potato at the selected sites.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.665-671
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• 2020

The chemical and rheological properties of fucoidan and alginate prepared from different parts of Undaria pinnatifida (sporophyll, frond, stipe) were investigated. The algal materials were extracted with HCl (pH 2.0, 3 h at 70℃) to prepare fucoidan, and the remaining solid was continuously re-extracted with Na₂CO₃ (pH 10.0, 70℃, 3 h) to prepare alginic acid. The fucoidan and alginic acid contents in the sporophyll, frond, and stipe were 11.14%, 3.84%, and 1.73% and 22.04%, 37.14%, and 31.74%, respectively. The content of fucoidan and alginate depends on the part extracted. The fucoidan extracted from the sporophyll mainly consists of fucose and galactose, but the fucoidan extracted from frond and stipe contains mannose in addition to fucose and galactose. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of fucoidan and alginate suggests the presence of sulfate groups (1261 and 840 cm^-1) and carboxyl groups (1626 and 1419 cm^-1), respectively. Alginate solutions (5%) had a low viscosity of 10.84-31.63 mPa·s. The activation energies of fucoidan and sodium alginate were 14.45-18.38 kJ/mol and 18.61-22.06 kJ/mol, respectively. The D-mannuronic acid/L-guluronic acid (M/G) ratios of alginate showed a relatively high (frond, 3.72; stipe, 2.88; and sporophyll, 1.80).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.236-248
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• 2023

Purpose: Nursing informatics competency is used to manage and improve the delivery of safe, high-quality, and efficient healthcare services in accordance with best practices and professional and regulatory standards. This study examined the relationship between nursing informatics competency (NIC), nursing care left undone, and nurse reported quality of care (NQoC) and nursing productivity. A path model for their effects on nursing productivity among clinical nurses was also established. Methods: Data were collected using structured questionnaires answered by 192 nurses working in a tertiary hospital located in J city, Korea, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 and AMOS 21.0 program. Results: The fit indices of the alternative path model satisfied recommended levels χ² = .11 (p = .741), normed χ² (χ² /df) = .11, SRMR = .01, RMSEA = .00, GFI = 1.00, NFI = 1.00, AIC = 18.11. Among the variables, NIC (β = .44, p < .001), NQoC (β = .35, p < .001) had a direct effect on nursing productivity. Due to the mediating effect of NQoC on the relationship between NIC and nursing productivity, the effect size was .14 (95% CI .08~.24). Meanwhile, nursing care left undone through NQoC in the relationship between NIC and nursing productivity, has a significant mediation effect (estimate .01, 95% CI .00~.03). The explanatory power of variables was 44.0%. Conclusion: Education and training for enhancing NIC should be provided to improve nursing productivity, quality of care and to reduce missed nursing care. Furthermore, monitoring the quality of nursing care and using it as a productivity index is essential.