• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.220-230
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was a cross-sectional study comparing differences in self-management knowledge, self-management, physiologic indexes, and symptoms experience for two methods of dialysis. Methods: Participants were 90 patients on hemodialysis and 91 on peritoneal dialysis at A hospital. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups for knowledge of self-management. A comparison of the categories in the evaluation of self-management showed that patients in the peritoneal dialysis group took better care of their dialysis access route (F=17.61, p<.001) and dialysis schedule (F=4.30, p=.040). The physiologic indexes between the two dialysis groups showed that hemoglobin levels were higher in the hemodialysis group (F=5.28, p=.023). The product of serum calcium and phosphate was higher in the peritoneal dialysis group (F=11.42, p=.001). Serum sodium level was also higher in the peritoneal dialysis group (t=5.36, p<.001) while serum albumin level (t=-3.36, p=.001) and mean arterial blood pressure (t=-2.50, p=.013) were higher in hemodialysis patients. There were no significant differences in the proportion of uncomfortable experiences between the two groups. Conclusion: Medical personnel should consider differences in self-management knowledge/self-management, physiologic indexes, and symptoms experience for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis populations, and should provide adequate education accordingly and promote behavioral change to improve physiologic indexes and reduce symptoms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1583-1588
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• 2016

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered to be a multifactorial disorder resulting from the interaction of several predisposing and protective genetic variants. PCOS is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Elevated levels of inflammatory markers including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) are demonstrated in women with PCOS. Recent evidence indicates a significant linkage between a locus on chromosome 19p13 and multifactorial diseases that have an inflammatory component. The aim of the study was to assess the possible association of Gly241Arg polymorphism of ICAM-1 gene located on chromosome 19p13 in determining risk of PCOS in Kashmiri women. Materials and Methods: Gly241Arg SNP in DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes of 220 PCOS cases and 220 age matched non-PCOS healthy controls was analysed using allel specific PCR. Results: The genotype and allele frequency distributions of Gly241Arg SNP showed insignificant difference between the PCOS cases and control women, indicating no role of this SNP in PCOS susceptibility. The odds ratio for Arg/Arg genotype was 0.87 (95% CI=0.32-2.3) [P=0.79], for Gly/Arg genotype was 0.98 (95% CI= 0.66-1.47) [P=1] and for Arg/Arg+Gly/Arg genotype was 0.97 (95% CI=0.65-1.45) [P=0.92]. The genotypic frequencies of ICAM-1codon 241 showed statistically insignificant difference between cases and controls (${\chi}^2=0.07$; p=0.96) Nor the studied polymorphism was found to affect clinical and laboratory parameters significantly. Conclusions: Although Gly241Arg polymorphism have not shown significant association with PCOS. Further, specifically designed studies on large cohorts are required to conclusively establish any role of ICAM-1 gene polymorphisms in PCOS in our study.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2002

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of application level of animal manure on the nitrate nitrogen concentration, sugar content and animal intake of forage sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv. Pionee. 988) in 1995. The application amount of animal manure were 50, 100 and 150MT in cattle manure, 20, 40 and 80MT in swine manure, and 10, 20 and 40MT/ha in poultry manure. Non-application plot(control) was involved. The nitrate nitrogen concentration was increased with increasing of application level of animal manure(P<0.05). Average nitrate nitrogen concentration was 397, 512, and 609mg/kg at low, medium and high application level of animal manure. The nitrate nitrogen concentration by plant height was 438mg/kg at 50~60m of plant height, 454mg at 100~120cm, and 418mg at 200~220cm. The nitrate nitrogen concentration of stems was 376mg, and significantly higher than that(135mg) of leaves(P<0.05) regardless of animal manure type, and lower parts of stems and leaves were significantly higher than those of upper parts of plants(P<0.05). Average nitrate nitrogen concentration of leaves was 151mg at lower, and 58mg at upper parts of plants, and the concentration of stems was 357mg at lower, 511mg at middle, and 610mg at upper parts of plants. The sugar contents of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid was decreased with increasing of application level of animal manure(P<0.05). Average sugar content was 4.9, 4.4, and 4.3。 at low, medium and high application level of animal manure. The sugar content by plant height was 3.9。 at 50~60 and 100~120cm of plant height, and 6.1。 at 200~220cm of plant height. Animal intake of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid was decreased greatly with increasing of application level of animal manure. Average intake was 73.9, 55.7, and 52.3% at low, medium and high application level of animal manure. The intake by animal manure type was 73.7% in cattle, 59.7% in swine and 62.5% in poultry manure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.219-220
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• 2000

낙동강 유역 퇴적물내 중금속의 존재형태를 Tessier 등의 연속추출법으로 조사해본 결과 퇴적물내 함유된 중금속의 존재형태는 혐기성 환경, pH 및 유기물의 분해 등수환경의 변화에 따라 상이 한 것으로 평가되었다.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.215-220
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• 2002

Since P. Erdos introduced the concept of "subset-sum-distinctness", lots of mathematicians have been interested in a "dense" set having distinct subset sums. In this paper, we establish a couple of theorems on maximal subset-sun-distinct sequence with respect to the set inclusion.

• 전기의세계
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 1971

급증하는 전력수요를 충족시키기 위하여 민간자본의 전원개발사업에의 참여를 적극권장하는 정부시책에 호응하여 동해전력에서는 경남 울산시 근교에 시설용량 220MW*3=660MW의 신설 기력발전소를 건설하였고 본 발전소에서의 출력을 전력 계통에 병입시키기 위하여 동해 p/p와 한전의 신울산 s/s간 장장 8.7km에 달하는 송전선을 건설하게 된 것이다. 본문에서는 설계도서의 승인과정에서 논의되었던 기술상의 문제점과 서독 Siemens 및 국내최고기술진간에 협조로 이루어진 설게면경사유를 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.414-423
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• 2007

Field Emission Display(FED) has significant advantages over existing display technologies, particularly in the area of small and high quality display. In order to test the feasibility of fabricating the System-on-Chip(SOC) with FED, we conducted the experiment to use the p-n junction as an electron beam source for the flat panel display. A novel structure was constructed to form p-n junctions by generating inversion layer with the electric field from the cantilever style gate. When we applied more than 220V at the cantilever style gate which has a height of $1{\mu}m$, avalanche breakdown onset was successfully achieved. The characteristics was compared with the electron emission from the ultra shallow junction in the avalanche region. The experiment result and the future direction were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.220-224
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare the levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the crevicular fluid around healthy implants, implants with peri-implantitis, and healthy teeth. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated 16 dental implants in 8 patients (4 males and 4 females). These patients had at least one healthy implant and one implant with peri-implantitis next to healthy teeth. The crevicular fluid was collected using absorbent cones and transferred to the laboratory. Specimens were evaluated by ELISA for interleukin levels. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (P<0.05). Results: Levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ in the crevicular fluid around implants with peri-implantitis were significantly higher than around healthy implants (P=0.002); the latter was significantly higher than around healthy teeth (P=0.015). A significant difference was found in the level of IL-6 in the crevicular fluid around implants with peri-implantitis and healthy implants (P=0.049) and also between implants with peri-implantitis and healthy teeth (P<0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, significant differences exist in the levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in the crevicular fluid of implants with peri-implantitis, healthy implants, and healthy teeth. More studies with larger sample sizes in different populations are necessary.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.222-228
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• 2009

Lupus is characterized by immunoregulatory abnormalities between T- and B-cells leading to autoantibody production and multiorgan injuries. We investigated whether bamboo culm extract (BC) ameliorates aberrant activation of T cells and B cells and attenuate production of IL-6 in pristane-induced lupus mice. Lupus was induced by i.p. a single injection of 0.5 ml of pristane in female BALB/c mice, which, later about 4 months, were used as a lupus model. The pristane-induced lupus mice and healthy mice were injected i.p. with BC 5 ${\mu}l$/kg or PBS once a day for 3 weeks. These results demonstrated that BC significantly decreased levels of serum and BAL IL-6 and production of IL-6 by macrophages with/without LPS, and downregulated expression of NKT cell and CD86+ CD45R/B220+, but not CD80+CD45R/B220+ and CD69+CD4+ in the splenocytes in pristaneinduced lupus mice. Moreover, BC greatly increased Con A-stimulated production of IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$ by splenocytes obtained from pristane-induced lupus mice. Therefore, our findings suggest that BC may ameliorate lupus pathogenesis in pristane-induced lupus mice via downregulation of aberrant activation of NKT cells and B cells and inhibition of production of IL-6.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.220-226
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• 2002

Amorphous $Sb_{2-x}Bi_xTe_3$ (x = 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0) thin films were prepared by vacuum evaporation. The resistivity of 7he films decreases from 1.4{\times}10^{-2}$ to $8.84{\times}10^{-5}\Omega cm$ and the type of conductivity changes from p to n with the increase of the x value of the films. D.C. conduction studies on these films ate performed at various electric fields in the temperature range of 303-403 K. At low electric fields, two types of conduction mechanisms, i.e. the variable range hopping and the phonon assisted hopping are found to be responsible for the conduction, depending upon the temperature. The activation energy decreases from 0.082 to 0.076 eV in the temperature range of 303-363 K and from 0.47-0.456 eV in the second range of 363-403 K, indicating the shift of the Fermi level towards the conduction band edge and hence the change of the conduction from P to n type with the increase of the Bi concentration. Poole-Frankel emission dominates at high fields. The shape of the potential well of the localized centre is deduced and the mean free path of the charge carriers is also calculated.