• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.399-403
• /
• 2009

$p19^{ras}$ is an alternative splicing variant of the proto-oncogene c-H-ras pre-mRNA of $p21^{ras}$. In contrast to $p21^{ras}$, $p19^{ras}$ does not have a C-terminal CAAX motif that targets the plasma membrane and is localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus. We found that $p19^{ras}$ activated the transcriptional activity of $p73{\beta}$ through protein-protein interactions in the nucleus. p73 is known to play an important role in cellular damage responses such as apoptosis. Although p73 is a structural and functional homologue of p53, p73-mediated apoptosis has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that the interaction between $p19^{ras}$ and $p73{\beta}$ accelerated $p73{\beta}$-induced apoptosis through a caspase-3 dependent pathway. Treatment with DEVD-CHO, a caspase inhibitor, also strengthened $p73{\beta}$-mediated apoptosis through a caspase-3 dependent pathway. Furthermore, the enhanced transcriptional activity of endogenous $p73{\beta}$ by treatment with Taxol was amplified by $p19^{ras}$ overexpression, which markedly increased caspase-3 dependent apoptosis in the p53-null SAOS2 cancer cell line. Our findings indicate a functional linkage between $p19^{ras}$ and p73 in caspase-3 mediated apoptosis of cancer cells.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.483-490
• /
• 2001

There were many controversies in the cause and progress of tumorigenesis. Recently, studies on the mutation of genes related to the tumor have extensively been performed due to development of molecular biology. Structural and morphological changes of chromosomes, which are related to the abnormal activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppression genes, transform the normal cells into the tumor cells. p53 and Rb are well known tumor suppressor genes, while oncogenes include c-myc, bcl-2 and ras, etc. When exposed to cell damaging agents, p53 inhibits cell growth by inducing transcription of p21. Especially p73, which is homo-logy of p53, frequently deleted in melanoma, neuroblastoma, colon cancer, and breast cancer, when over produced, p73 activates the transcription of p21, bax-1 and inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis. For study on mRNA expression of p21 and p73, normal oral keratinocytes, and cell lines of primary and metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma were cultured and then electrophoresis and RT-PCR(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) were performed. 1. The mRNA of p21 and p73 in normal oral keratinocyte expressed lower than that of primary squamous cell carcinoma. 2. The mRNA of p21 in metastatic oral squamous carcinoma cell lines was expressed as various patterns compared with that of normal oral keratinocyte. 3. In the metastatic oral squamous cell lines, the mRNA of HN8 expressed higher than that of HN12 or HN19. 4. The mRNA of p73 in primary oral squamous cell lines expressed 4-5 times higher than that of normal keratinocyte. 5. In metastatic oral squamous cell lines, there was no significant expression of p73 mRNA compared with that of normal oral keratinocyte. From the results obtained in this study, mRNA expression of p73 in primary oral squamous cell lines was remarkable, while mRNA expression of p21 and p73 in metastatic oral squamous cell lines were statistically insignificant.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.11
• /
• pp.4945-4949
• /
• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in Egyptian females. Nrf2 is involved in oxidative stress while P73 functions in response to DNA damage. This study aimed to assess the role of Nrf2 promoter and P73 G4C14 to A4T14 SNPs in breast cancer in Egypt. Patients: Eighty-five female patients with breast tumours (41 malignant, 44 benign) were included. Nrf2 (rs6721961) and p73 (G4A) SNPs were determined by PCR- CTPP assay. Results: Genotype frequencies of the Nrf2 promoter SNP were 34.2% and 37.9% for AA in benign and malignant groups respectively, and 43.9% and 40.5% for CC and, 21.9 % and 21.6% for CA. Genotype frequencies for the P73 G4A SNP were 52.9% and 44.7% for GA in benign and malignant groups respectively, and 47.1% and 55.3% for GG. Discussion: Nrf2 genotypes in pre - and post-menopausal patients, showed significantly different distributions in the 2 patient groups, the AA genotype being significantly more common in pre-menopausal patients. The P73 G4A SNP showed no relation to age of disease onset. Conclusion: The Nrf2 (rs6721961) AA genotype might be related to early breast cancer onset. In contrast the P73 G4A polymorphism showed no relation to either disease risk or age at presentation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.73-77
• /
• 2016

Flow and dynamic rheological properties of thickened waters prepared with commercial food thickeners were investigated at different pH levels (3, 4, 5, 6, and 7). The commercial xanthan gum (XG)-based thickener (thickener A) and starch-based thickener (thickener B), which have been commonly used in a domestic hospital and nursing home for patients with swallowing difficulty (dysphagia) in Korea, were selected in this study. Thickened samples with both thickeners at different pH levels showed high shear-thinning flow behaviors (n=0.08~0.22). Thickened samples at pH 3 showed higher n values and lower consistency index (K) values when compared to those at other pH levels. The K values of thickener A increased with an increase in pH level, while the n values decreased, showing that the flow properties greatly depended on pH. There were no noticeable changes in the K values of thickener B between pH 4 and 7. At pH 3, the thickened water with thickener A showed a higher storage modulus (G') value, while that with thickener B showed a lower G'. These rheological parameters exhibited differences in rheological behaviors between XG-based and starch-based thickeners, indicating that the rheological properties of thickened waters appear to be greatly influenced by the acidic condition and the type of food thickener. Appropriately selecting a commercial food thickener seems to be greatly important for the preparation of thickened acidic fluids with desirable rheological properties for safe swallowing.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.61-73
• /
• 2006

Sixty taxa of Euglenaceae belonging to 19 species of Euglena, 1 species of Colacium, 8 species of Lepocinclis, 22 species of Phacus and 10 species of Trachelomonas were reported from different habitats of Orissa state in the east cost of India. All the taxa were recorded for the first time from this region.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.73 no.1
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 2012

Background: While qualitative analysis of methylation has been reviewed, the quantitative analysis of methylation has rarely been studied. We evaluated the methylation status of CDKN2A, $RAR{\beta}$, and RASSF1A promoter regions in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) by using pyrosequencing. Then, we evaluated the association between methylation at the promoter regions of these tumor suppressor genes and the clinicopathological parameters of the NSCLCs. Methods: We collected tumor tissues from a total of 53 patients with NSCLCs and analyzed the methylation level of the CDKN2A, $RAR{\beta}$, and RASSF1A promoter regions by using pyrosequencing. In addition, we investigated the correlation between the hypermethylation of CDKN2A and the loss of $p16^{INK4A}$ immunoexpression. Results: Hypermethylation of CDKN2A, $RAR{\beta}$, and RASSF1A promoter regions were 16 (30.2%), 22 (41.5%), and 21 tumors (39.6%), respectively. The incidence of hypermethylation at the CDKN2A promoter in the tumors was higher in undifferentiated large cell carcinomas than in other subtypes (p=0.002). Hyperrmethylation of CDKN2A was significantly associated with $p16^{INK4A}$ immunoexpression loss (p=0.045). With regard to the clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC, certain histopathological subtypes were found to be strongly associated with the loss of $p16^{INK4A}$ immunoexpression (p=0.016). Squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated large cell carcinoma showed $p16^{INK4A}$ immunoexpression loss more frequently. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves analysis showed that methylation level and patient survival were barely related to one another. Conclusion: We quantitatively analyzed the promoter methylation status by using pyrosequencing. We showed a significant correlation between CDKN2A hypermethylation and $p16^{INK4A}$ immunoexpression loss.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.246-252
• /
• 2011

The semiconducting $MnSi_{1.73}$ compound has been recognized as a thermoelectric material with excellent oxidation resistance and stable characteristics at elevated temperature. In the present work, we applied mechanical alloying (MA) technique to produce $MnSi_{1.73}$ compound using a mixture of elemental manganese and silicon powders. The mechanical alloying was carried out using a Fritsch P-5 planetary mill under Ar gas atmosphere. The MA powders were characterized by the X-ray diffraction with Cu-$K{\alpha}$ radiation, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Due to the observed larger loss of Si relative to Mn during mechanical alloying of $MnSi_{1.73}$, the starting composition of a mixture Mn-Si was modified to $MnSi_{1.83}$ and then $MnSi_{1.88}$. The single $MnSi_{1.73}$ phase has been obtained by mechanical alloying of $MnSi_{1.88}$ mixture powders for 200 hours. It is also found that the grain size of $MnSi_{1.73}$ compound powders analyzed by Hall plot method is reduced to 40 nm after 200 hours of milling.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.386-391
• /
• 1998

Lactobacillus plantarum KLAB21 isolated from kimchi has been shown to produce antimutagenic subtance(s) into the culture medium using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and S. typhimurium TA98 (Rhee and Park, Korean J. Appl. Microbiol.. Biotechnol., 1999, in press). In this study, the effects of culture conditions were investigated to maximize the production of antimutagenic substance(s) against 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine(NPD) by the strain KLAB21. Glucose(255) as a carbon source and yeast extract or bactopeptone(1%) as a nitrogen source showed the highest production of the antimutagenic substance(s). Optimal initial pH of the culture medium, culture temperature and shaking speed for the antimutagenic substance(s) production were pH 7.0, 37$^{\circ}C$ and 150rpm, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the antimutagenic activity of L. plantarum KLAB21 culture supernatant against NPD on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and S. typhimurium TA98 were 73.95% and 59.74%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2020

This study investigated how the awareness about marriage, the value of children, and the motivation for childrearing influences childbirth will in nursing students. The data was collected from May 1 to May 30, 2019, and 248 data samples were finally used for analysis. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS /WIN 22.0 program. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and multiple regression analysis were all calculated. The average of awareness about marriage was 3.39±.38, the average of the value of children was 2.72±0.39, the average motivation of childrearing was 2.73±0.78 and the average of childbirth will was 3.12±0.48. The childbirth will according to the general characteristics, was significantly different according to age (F=6.002, p=.003). Among the awareness about marriage, conservative view on marriage(r=.207, p=.001), active view on marriage(r=.226, p<.001), instrumental view on marriage(r=.181, p=.004), and motivation of childrearing(r=.283, p<.001) showed positive correlation ed with childbirth will. Childbirth will was negatively correlated with passive view on marriage (r=-.292, p<.001), and the value of children (r=-.226, p<.001). The factors affecting childbirth will of the study subjects were age(β=.155, p=.007), passive view on marriage(β=-.383, p<.001), motivation of childrearing (β=.315, p<.001), and the explanatory power was 23.6%. According to this study, it is necessary to confirm the effects of developing an intervention program and applying this program to improve the decisions of nursing students concerning marriage and having children.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.1059-1064
• /
• 2006

Six muscles were seamed out randomly from Hanwoo carcasses (n = 12) of each quality grade (quality grades 1, 2 and 3). Samples were analysed for their total and soluble collagen contents, IMCT (intramuscular connective tissue) and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). Simple correlation (n = 21) was determined for WBSF among major muscles. For LT (longissimus thoracis), total collagen content was significantly higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than those for quality grades 1 and 2. For semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), psoas major (PM) and serratus ventralis (SV), total collagen content of quality grade 1 was lowest (p<0.05) of all quality grades. IMCT shear force for gluteus medius (GM) decreased (p<0.05) with better quality grade, and those for other muscles, with the exception of GM, were higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than for quality grades 1 and 2. WBSF values showed GM and LT to be decreased (p<0.05) with better quality grade, and PM to be higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than those for quality grades 1 and 2. SM, ST and SV from quality grade 1 had lower (p<0.05) WBSF value than those from quality grades 2 and 3. Total collagen content of ST was highest (p<0.05) of all muscles, whereas that of PM was lowest (p<0.05). Soluble collagen contents of LT and SV from quality grades 1 and 2 were, in general, higher (p<0.05) than other muscles, but that of SM was lowest (p<0.05). ST and SM had higher (p<0.05) WBSF values for three quality grades when compared to other muscles, whereas PM was lowest (p<0.05). LT had the strongest simple correlation with SV (r = 0.78) and GM (r = 0.77), and SM had the strongest correlation with ST (r = 0.73) and LT (r = 0.73). Also, PM had the strongest correlation with SV (r = 0.62).