• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.335-346
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• 2023

For structures with underground basement walls, the soil-structure-interaction between the side soil and the walls affects the response of the system. There is interest in quantifying the relationship between the lateral earth pressure and the wall displacement using p-y curves. To date, passive p-y curves in available limited studies were assumed elastic-perfectly plastic. In reality, the relationship between earth pressure and wall displacement is complex. This paper focuses on studying the development of passive p-y curves behind rigid walls supporting granular soils. The study aims at identifying the different components of the passive p-y relationship and proposing a rigorous non-linear p-y model in place of simplified elastic-plastic models. The results of the study show that (1) the p-y relationship that models the stress-displacement response behind a rigid basement wall is highly non-linear, (2) passive p-y curves are affected by the height of the wall, relative density, and depth below the ground surface, and (3) passive p-y curves can be expressed using a truncated hyperbolic model that is defined by a limit state passive pressure that is determined using available logarithmic spiral methods and an initial slope that is expressed using a depth-dependent soil stiffness model.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.836-842
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• 2011

The lateral stability of bridge foundations against train moving load, emergency stopping load, earthquakes, and so on is very important for a railway bridge foundation. A borehole test is much more accurate than laboratory tests since it is possible to minimize the disturbance of ground conditions on the test site. The representative borehole test methods are Dilatometer, Pressuremeter and Lateral Load Tester, which usually provide force-resistance characteristics in elastic range. In order to estimate P-y curves using those methods, the non-linear characteristics of soil which is one of the most important characteristics of the soil cannot be obtained. Therefore, P-y curves are estimated usually using elastic modulus ($E_O$, $E_R$) of lateral pressure-deformation ratio obtained within the range of elastic behavior. Even though the pile foundation is designed using borehole tests in field to increase design accuracy, it is necessary to use a higher safety factor to improve the reliability of the design. A Large Displacement Borehole Testmeter(LDBT) is developed to measure nonlinear characteristics of the soil in this study. P-y curves can be directly achieved from the developed equipment. Comparisons between measured P-y curves the LDBT developed equipment, theoretical methods based on geotechnical investigations, and back-calculated P-y curves from field tests are shown in this paper. The research result shows that the measured P-y curves using LDBT can be properly matched with back-calculated P-y curves from filed tests by applying scale effects for sand and clay, respectively.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2013

Let K be a number field and fix a prime number $p$. For any set S of primes of K, we here say that an elliptic curve E over K has S-reduction if E has bad reduction only at the primes of S. There exists the set $B_{K,p}$ of primes of K satisfying that any elliptic curve over K with $B_{K,p}$-reduction has no $p$-torsion points under certain conditions. The first aim of this paper is to construct elliptic curves over K with $B_{K,p}$-reduction and a $p$-torsion point. The action of the absolute Galois group on the $p$-torsion subgroup of E gives its associated Galois representation $\bar{\rho}_{E,p}$ modulo $p$. We also study the irreducibility and surjectivity of $\bar{\rho}_{E,p}$ for semistable elliptic curves with $B_{K,p}$-reduction.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제29권1_2호
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• pp.451-457
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• 2011

The function f(z) = $e^{p(z)}$ where p(z) is a polynomial of degree n has 2n Julia lines. Julia lines of $e^{p(z)}$ divide the complex plane into 2n equal sectors with the same vertex at the origin. In each sector, $e^{p(z)}$ has radial limits of 0 or innity. Main results of the paper are concerned with maximum curves of $e^{p(z)}$. We deal with some properties of maximum curves of $e^{p(z)}$ and we give some examples of the maximum curves of functions of the form $e^{p(z)}$.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.821-828
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• 2011

A significantly larger lateral load and moment are applied on a high speed railway bridge foundation than other bridge foundations. Therefore most of bridge foundations on Honam high speed railway project were designed by high strength steel pipe piles to resist lateral load and moment, which caused the increase of construction costs. In order to perform optimum design, it is important to estimate accurate lateral resistance when designing this type of structure. Lateral load tests were carried out based on the field design data with the purpose of examining the lateral behavioral characteristics of a railway bridge foundation. The standard load test method(ASTM D 3966) was used for field tests by applying twice of design load. Total four load tests were performed on high speed railway bridge foundations with strain gages installed by every 1m along piles to measure load-resistance characteristics under applied lateral loads. The back-calculated P-y curves from strain gages were compared with estimated P-y curves using theoretical methods based on geotechnical investment data. Back-calculated P-y curves from field tests for sand and clay ground conditions were presented in this paper, which are different from theoretical P-y curves. By using the research results of this study, more accurate estimations of pile design under lateral loads can be available for similar geotechnical conditions.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.379-399
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• 2013

In practice, analysis of laterally loaded piles is carried out using beams on non-linear Winkler springs model (often known as p-y method) due to its simplicity, low computational cost and the ability to model layered soils. In this approach, soil-pile interaction along the depth is characterized by a set of discrete non-linear springs represented by p-y curves where p is the pressure on the soil that causes a relative deformation of y. p-y curves are usually constructed based on semi-empirical correlations. In order to construct API/DNV proposed p-y curve for clay, one needs two values from the monotonic stress-strain test results i.e., undrained strength ($s_u$) and the strain at 50% yield stress (${\varepsilon}_{50}$). This approach may ignore various features for a particular soil which may lead to un-conservative or over-conservative design as not all the data points in the stress-strain relation are used. However, with the increasing ability to simulate soil-structure interaction problems using highly developed computers, the trend has shifted towards a more theoretically sound basis. In this paper, principles of Mobilized Strength Design (MSD) concept is used to construct a continuous p-y curves from experimentally obtained stress-strain relationship of the soil. In the method, the stress-strain graph is scaled by two coefficient $N_C$ (for stress) and $M_C$ (for strain) to obtain the p-y curves. $M_C$ and $N_C$ are derived based on Semi-Analytical Finite Element approach exploiting the axial symmetry where a pile is modelled as a series of embedded discs. An example is considered to show the application of the methodology.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.272-277
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• 2001

In order to evaluate variation of fatigue data of the LP steam turbine blade steel, it is important to estimate P - S - N curves to accurately define the probability distributions. In this study, new procedure is introduced to determine the expression of P - S - N curves. For this purpose, 3-parameter Weibull distribution was found to be most appropriate among assumed distributions when the probability distributions of the fatigue life were examined by the proposed analysis. Furthermore, parameter estimation for P - S - N curves was performed using various optimization to maximize the correlation coefficient. As a result of this, sequential linear programing method is used for estimation of P - S - N curves.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.291-298
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• 1998

The $L^p-L^q$ mapping properties of convolution operators with measures supported on curves in $\mathbb{R}^3$ have been studied by many authors. Oberlin provided examples of nondegenerate compact space curves whose arclength measures enjoy $L^p$-improving properties. This was later extended by Pan who showed that such properties hold for all nondegenerate compact space curves. In this paper, we will prove that the operator norm of the convolution operator with the arclength measure supported on a nondegenerate compact space curve depends only on certain quantities of the underlying curve.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 모래지반에 설치된 해상풍력 지지용 직경 7m 모노파일의 p-y 곡선에 대한 수평하중-모멘트 조합의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 원심모형실험을 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 원심모형실험시스템을 구축하였고, 다수의 게이지를 부착한 계측용 모노파일 모형을 사용하여 68.83g에서 원심모형실험을 수행하였다. 지표면으로부터 직경의 1배와 직경의 5배 높이에서 하중재하를 하는 2개의 수평하중-모멘트 조합으로 재하시험이 수행되었다. 모형지반은 중간밀도의 모래로 조성되었다. 원심모형실험결과로부터 실험 p-y 곡선을 산정하였고 기존 문헌의 p-y 곡선과 비교하였다. 결과적으로 p-y 곡선에 대한 모멘트 조합의 영향이 미미함을 확인하였다. 또한, 근입깊이가 모노파일의 p-y 곡선에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1321-1327
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 GF(p) 상에서 모듈러 제곱근 (MSQR) 연산의 효율적인 하드웨어 구현에 대해 기술한다. MSQR 연산은 타원곡선 기반의 EC-ElGamal 공개키 암호를 위해 평문 메시지를 타원곡선 상의 점으로 매핑하기 위해 필요하다. 본 논문의 방법은 NIST 표준으로 규정된 5가지 크기의 GF(p) 타원곡선을 지원하며, 192-비트, 256-비트, 384-비트 그리고 521-비트 크기의 Kobliz 곡선과 슈도 랜덤 곡선들은 모듈러 값의 특성을 기반으로 오일러 판정법을 적용하고, 224-비트 크기의 경우에는 Tonelli-Shanks 알고리듬을 간략화시켜 적용하였다. 제안된 방법을 ECC 프로세서의 32-비트 데이터 패스를 갖는 유한체 연산회로와 메모리 블록을 이용하여 구현하였으며, FPGA 디바이스에 구현하여 하드웨어 동작을 검증하였다. 구현된 회로가 50 MHz 클록으로 동작하는 경우에, 224-비트 슈도 랜덤 곡선의 경우에는 MSQR 계산에 약 18 ms가 소요되고, 256-비트 Kobliz 곡선의 경우에는 약 4 ms가 소요된다.