• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2017

Background No consensus exists on the optimal treatment protocol for orofacial clefts or the optimal timing of cleft palate closure. This study investigated factors influencing speech outcomes after two-stage palate repair in adults with a non-syndromal complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Methods This was a retrospective analysis of adult patients with a UCLP who underwent two-stage palate closure and were treated at our tertiary cleft centre. Patients ${\geq}17$ years of age were invited for a final speech assessment. Their medical history was obtained from their medical files, and speech outcomes were assessed by a speech pathologist during the follow-up consultation. Results Forty-eight patients were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 21 years (standard deviation, 3.4 years). Their mean age at the time of hard and soft palate closure was 3 years and 8.0 months, respectively. In 40% of the patients, a pharyngoplasty was performed. On a 5-point intelligibility scale, 84.4% received a score of 1 or 2; meaning that their speech was intelligible. We observed a significant correlation between intelligibility scores and the incidence of articulation errors (P<0.001). In total, 36% showed mild to moderate hypernasality during the speech assessment, and 11%-17% of the patients exhibited increased nasalance scores, assessed through nasometry. Conclusions The present study describes long-term speech outcomes after two-stage palatoplasty with hard palate closure at a mean age of 3 years old. We observed moderate long-term intelligibility scores, a relatively high incidence of persistent hypernasality, and a high pharyngoplasty incidence.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2020

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) propagation is highly dependent on cellular proteins. To identify the host factors involved in HCV propagation, we previously performed protein microarray assays and identified the LIM and SH3 domain protein 1 (LASP-1) as an HCV NS5A-interacting partner. LASP-1 plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and protein-protein interactions. Alteration of LASP-1 expression has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the functional involvement of LASP-1 in HCV propagation and HCV-induced pathogenesis has not been elucidated. Here, we first verified the protein interaction of NS5A and LASP-1 by both in vitro pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays. We further showed that NS5A and LASP-1 were colocalized in the cytoplasm of HCV infected cells. NS5A interacted with LASP-1 through the proline motif in domain I of NS5A and the tryptophan residue in the SH3 domain of LASP-1. Knockdown of LASP1 increased HCV replication in both HCV-infected cells and HCV subgenomic replicon cells. LASP-1 negatively regulated viral propagation and thereby overexpression of LASP-1 decreased HCV replication. Moreover, HCV propagation was decreased by wild-type LASP-1 but not by an NS5A binding-defective mutant of LASP-1. We further demonstrated that LASP-1 was involved in the replication stage of the HCV life cycle. Importantly, LASP-1 expression levels were increased in persistently infected cells with HCV. These data suggest that HCV modulates LASP-1 via NS5A in order to regulate virion levels and maintain a persistent infection.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2006

목 적: 성인들의 생활습관인 음주, 운동, 흡연 등의 유무와 골밀도와의 관계를 분석 해보고 연령, 성별, 신장, 체중, 체질량지수 등과 골밀도와의 상관관계를 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2006년 2월부터 4월까지 건강검진을 받기위해 우석대학교 한방병원을 내원한 321명을 대상으로 양 에너지 X-ray 골밀도 측정기(DEXA, DPX-IQ, Lunar. co)를 이용하여 대퇴경부 및 척추의 골밀도를 측정하였다. 결 과: 대상자중 남성은 160명 여성은 161명이었고 평균연령은 $45.10{\pm}11.54$세였다. 남성에 있어서 대퇴 경부의 골밀도는 20대에서 가장 높았고 척추는 40대에서 가장 높았으며 60대에서 대퇴경부와 척추의 골밀도가 가장 낮았다, 여성에서는 40대에서 대퇴경부와 척추의 골밀도가 가장 높았고 60대에서 대퇴경부와 척추의 골밀도가 가장 낮았다. 대상자들의 신체조건에서 신장과 체중이 클수록 골밀도가 높았다. 남성은 음주 및 운동, 흡연유무에 따른 집단별 비교에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 여성은 음주집단이 비 음주집단에 비해 대퇴경부 및 척추의 골밀도가 유의하게 높았다(P<0.01). 결 론: 이는 건강한 직장인들이 건강검진을 받고자 내원한 사람들이 대부분이기에 위와 같은 결과가 나온 것으로 생각되며 앞으로 모든 성인들의 연령증가에 따른 골다공증의 위험으로부터 예방하기 위하여 골밀도에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인들을 찾아서 많은 연구를 하고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 1992

It is well known that chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla secrete catecholamine in response to sympathetic nerve activation and the influx of $Ca^{2+}$ through the voltage dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channels (VDCC) in the cell membrane do a major role in this secretory process. In this study, we explored the effect of divalent cations on VDCC of rat chromaffin cells. Rat (Sprague-Dawley rat, 150-250 gm) chromaffin cells were isolated and cultured. Standard giga seal, whole cell recording techniques were employed to study $Ca^{2+}$ current with external and internal solutions that could effectively isolate VDCC currents $(NMG\;in\;external\;and\;TEA\;and\;Cs^{2+}\;in\;internal\;solution)$. The voltage dependence and the inactivation time course of VDCC in our cells were identical to those of bovine chromaffin cells. A persistent inward current was first activated by depolarizing step pulse from the holding potential (H.P.) of -80 mV to -40 mV, increased to maximum amplitude at around +10 mV, and became smaller with progressively higher depolarizing pulses to reverse at around +60 mV. The inactivation time constant $(\tau)$, fitted from the long duration test potential (2 sec) was $1295.2{\pm}126.8$ msec $(n=20,\;1\;day\;of\;culture,\;mean\;{\pm}S.E.M.)$ and the kinetic parameters were not altered along the culture duration. Nicardipine $(10\;{\mu}M)$ blocked the current almost completely. Among treated divalent cations such as $Cd^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Zn^{2+}\;and\;,Mn^{2+},\;Cd^{2+}$ was the most potent blocker on VDCC. When the depolarizing step pulse from -80 mV to 10 mV was applied, the equilibrium dissociation constant $(K_d)$ of $Cd^{2+}\;was\;39\;{\mu}M,\;K_d\;of\;Co^{2+}\;was\;100\;{\mu}M\;and\;K_d\;of\;Ni^{2+}];was];780{\mu}M.$ The principal findings of this study are as follows. First, the majority of $Ca^{2+}$ channels in rat chromaffin cells are well classified to L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel in the view of kinetics and pharmacology. Second, all divalent cations tested could block the $Ca^{2+}$ current and the most potent blocker among the tested was $Cd^{2+}$.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.370-376
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• 2011

Objective : Posttraumatic cerebral infarction (PTCI), an infarction in well-defined arterial distributions after head trauma, is a known complication in patients with severe head trauma. The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical and radiographic characteristics of PTCI, and to assess the effect on outcome of decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) in patients with PTCI. Methods : We present a retrospective analysis of 20 patients with PTCI who were treated between January 2003 and August 2005. Twelve patients among them showed malignant PTCI, which is defined as PTCI including the territory of Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA). Medical records and radiologic imaging studies of patients were reviewed. Results : Infarction of posterior cerebral artery distribution was the most common site of PTCI. Fourteen patients underwent DHC an average of 16 hours after trauma. The overall mortality rate was 75%. Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) of survivors showed that one patient was remained in a persistent vegetative state, two patients were severely disabled and only two patients were moderately disabled at the time of discharge. Despite aggressive treatments, all patients with malignant PTCI had died. Malignant PTCI was the indicator of poor clinical outcome. Furthermore, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at the admission was the most valuable prognostic factor. Significant correlation was observed between a GCS less than 5 on admission and high mortality (p<0.05). Conclusion : In patients who developed non-malignant PTCI and GCS higher than 5 after head injury, early DHC and duroplasty should be considered, before occurrence of irreversible ischemic brain damage. High mortality rate was observed in patients with malignant PTCI or PTCI with a GCS of 3-5 at the admission. A large prospective randomized controlled study will be required to justify for aggressive treatments including DHC and medical treatment in these patients.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.192-203
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• 2020

Objectives: The concentration distributions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenlys (dl-PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine particles were investigated to provide basic data on POP behavior and composition analysis. Methods: The concentrations of PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs, and PAHs by particle size were evaluated for TSP, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5. Also, fine dust component analysis and factor analysis were performed to identify the source of PCDD/Fs. Results: The particle size distribution was found to account for 24.3% of >10 ㎛, 14.5% of 2.5-10 ㎛, and 61.2% of <2.5 ㎛. The average contributions of coarse particles (>2.5 ㎛) and fine particles (<2.5 ㎛) were PCDD/Fs 67%, dl-PCBs 66%, benzo (a) pyrene 83% and PAHs 84%, and the contributions of fine particles (<2.5 ㎛) were higher than coarse particles (>2.5 ㎛). However, the contributions of coarse particles increased in April to September with higher temperatures, while those of fine particles increased in February to March with lower temperatures. Conclusions: Low chlorinated (4Cl-5Cl) PCDD/Fs were more adsorbed compared to coarse particles due to the influence of pollutant migration from particulate to gas phase according to temperature rise, whereas high chlorinated (6Cl-8Cl) PCDD/Fs were more adsorbed compared to fine particles. PCDD/Fs sources were assessed to be major sources of emissions, such as incineration facilities and/or open burning.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.196-207
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• 2016

In monsoon climates, persistent shade is a troublesome weather condition with an impact on the growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L.). We imposed 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of consecutive shade (CS) on Gwangpyeongok and P3394 corn hybrids at the beginning of the kernel filling stages. Shade had little impact on leaf area and dry matter accumulation in the stem and leaves. However, dry matter accumulation in the ear was severely reduced by approximately 28% and 53% after 14 and 28 days of CS, respectively. For the components of grain yield, 7 and 14 days of shade did irreparable damage to the number of filled kernels, the kernel number per ear row, and the percent of filled kernels, but did little damage or reversible damage after removal of the shade to the 100-grain weight and the row number per ear. Shade significantly reduced the relative growth rate (RGR) due to a decrease in the net assimilation rate (NAR). These results suggest that source activity limitation by shade during the kernel filling stages leads to the inhibition of sink activity and size. The yield of biomass, ear, and grain logistically declined as the length of CS increased. Probit analysis revealed that the number of days of CS needed to cause 25% and 50% reductions in grain yield were 3.7 and 23.1, respectively. These results suggest that the plant yield loss induced by shade at the beginning of the kernel filling stages is mainly achieved within the first 7 days of consecutive shade.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2006

연구배경: 8주 이상 지속되는 만성 기침의 원인 중 하나인 위식도역류질환는 환자의 약 75%가 증상이 없으며, 진단을 위한 24시간 식도 pH감시가 침습적이고 검사가 어려워 진단 및 치료에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 만성 기침환자 중 후비루증후군 및 기관지 천식이 아닌 환자를 대상으로 양자펌프억제제를 투여하고 치료효과를 관찰하였다. 방법 및 대상: 기침증상이 8주 이상인 만성기침 환자 중 X-ray 소견상 이상이 없고 메타콜린 기관지유발시험상 음성이며, 후비루증후군 치료에 반응이 없었던 40명을 대상으로 하였다. 8주 이상 양자펌프억제제를 투여하였으며 50%이상 기침이 감소한 경우를 부분 반응군, 기침이 거의 소실된 경우를 완전 반응군으로 분류하였다. 결 과: 대상자 40명중 29명만이 4주 이상 추적되었으며 이중 26명만이 8주까지 추적 관찰되었다. 29명중 남자가 9명, 여자가 20명이었으며 평균나이는 51세였다. 대상자들에서 기침 이외의 증상은 객담이 12%, 콧물이나 비폐색 등의 코 증상이 있는 환자는 10%, 속쓰림, 소화불량 등의 소화기 증상을 호소하는 환자는 13.4%였다. 29명중 4주간 투여 후 증상의 호전이 없는 환자가 3명(10.3%), 50% 이상의 증상호전을 보이는 환자가 22명(75.9%), 그리고 증상이 거의 소실된 환자가 4명(13.8%)로 약 90%정도의 환자가 기침의 증상호전이 있었다. 8주 투여 후 호전이 없는 환자가 2명(7.4%), 50% 이상 증상호전이 있는 환자가 8명(29.6%), 증상이 거의 소실된 환자가 16명(63.0%)이었다. 결 론: 8주이상의 만성기침 환자에서 8주 이상 양자펌프억제제 투여 후 92.6%환자가 증상호전이 있었으며 이중 63%는 거의 소실되었다. 하지만 본 연구는 위약을 통한 대조군이 없는 관계로 그 결과의 해석에 어려움이 있다. 앞으로 좀더 많은 환자를 대상으로 하는 이중맹검시험이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2013

Urine is a widely used matrix in biomonitoring studies on the assessment of human exposure to environmental chemicals such as phthalate esters and bisphenol A (BPA). In addition to the need to apply valid analytical techniques, assurance of specimen integrity during collection and storage is an important prerequisite for the presentation of accurate and precise analytical data. One of the common issues encountered in the analysis of non-persistent contaminants is whether shipping and storage temperature and time since collection have an effect on sample integrity. In this study, we investigated the stability of phthalate metabolites and BPA in spiked and unspiked urine samples stored at room temperature ($20^{\circ}C$) or at $-80^{\circ}C$ for up to 8 weeks. Concentrations of phthalate metabolites declined, on average, by 3% to 15%, depending on the compounds, and BPA declined by ~30% after 4 weeks of storage of spiked urine samples at $20^{\circ}C$. In a test of 30 unspiked urine samples stored at $20^{\circ}C$ and at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks, the concentrations of phthalate metabolites and BPA decreased by up to 15% to 44%, depending on the compound and on the samples. It was found that the small reduction in phthalate concentrations observed in urine, varied depending on the samples. In a few urine samples, concentrations of phthalate metabolites and BPA did not decline even after storage at $20^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. We found a significant relationship between concentrations of target analytes in urine stored at $20^{\circ}C$ and at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. We estimated the half-lives of phthalate metabolites and BPA in urine stored at $20^{\circ}C$. The estimated half-life of monoethyl phthalate (mEP) and mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxyphentyl) phthalate (mECPP) in urine stored at $20^{\circ}C$ was over two years, of mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (mEOHP) and monobenzyl phthalate (mBzP) was approximately one year, and of other phthalate metabolites was approximately 6 months. The estimated half-life of BPA in urine stored at $20^{\circ}C$ was approximately 3 months, which is much longer than that reported for aquatic ecosystems.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1989

법랑아세포종은 결체조직에 최소의 유도적인 변화를 나타내며 양성이지만 지속성이나 국소적으로 악성양상을 띄는 가장 흔한 형태의 치계 종양이다. 호발연령은 주로 20세부터 50세 사이이며, 임상증상은 환자마다 다양하게 나타나며 상악보다 하악에 호발하며 완만한 성장 속도를 나타낸다. 법랑아세포종의 방사선학적 특징은 병소의 본질과 국소적인 골반응에 의하며, 재발은 약 33%로 흔하며 이것은 불완전한 병소부의 제거로 인한 것이다. 29세의 여성환자에서 하악 우측 소구치부터 하악지까지 발생한 재발성 법랑아세포종의 외과적 절재후 장골 이식과 금속판을 이용한 즉시 재건술을 시행한바 이러한 재건술을 이용하여 양호한 기능, 단기간의 악간고정 기간, 그리고 다른 재건술 보다 용이하였던 바 이에 지견을 얻어 보고드리는 바입니다.