• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.250-257
• /
• 1988

The study was intended to know any relations between the rice tolerance to bensulfuron and varietal speciation in seed protein composition or any enzymatical allelies with or without chemical treatment. Rice varieties used were UCP-28, Chinsurah Boro II, Fukunohama, Fadehpur-2, IR 14252-13-2-2-5 as the tolerant group, and HP 93(3) FA, HP94(9) FA, Padilabou Alumbis, KH-17854, and IR 1846-2841-1 as the susceptible, respectively. Electrophoretic methods used were SDS-PAGE for seed protein, 7% PAGE for isozymes (acid phosphatase, peroxidase, malate dehydrogenase, and esterase from rice seedling) and variation in isoenzyme profiles (malate dehydrogenase, peroxidase, and esterase) as affected by different concentrations of bensulfuron(0, $10^{-6}$, $10^{-5}$ and $3{\times}10^{-5}M$) was also studied. The results are summarized as follows. -Among 16 bands separated in seed proteins, two different rice groups selected in terms of tolerance to bensulfuron were clustered in dissimilarity, which was based on relatively larger area in whole peaks and higher activities in N, O, P bands for the tolerant group. -Among isozymes obtained from rice seedlings without chemical treatments, the following specificities were obtained. The tolerant varieties had the relatively higher activity in D band out of 4 peroxidase bands. Malate dehydrogenase was separated into 3 bands and only tolerant varieties had A band and higher activities in Band C bands. Esterase was separated into 3-4 bands with higher activities in A and B bands for tolerant varieties. There were one major band accompanied by 2-3 minor bands for acid phosphatase in which only tolerant varieties had the B band. -The effect of Bensulfuron concentration on the isozyme activities showed that the activity of C band in peroxidase was not present in tolerant varieties which was contrary to the increased activities in susceptible varieties. However, D band was gradually disappeared only in susceptible varieties as the concentration of bensulfuron was increased. For malate dehydrogenase in the susceptible varieties, major bands D, E and F kept consistantly higher activities while minor bands A, B and C disappeared sensitively. Among 5 bands of esterase separated, D band was present only in the tolerant varieties while E band only in the susceptible. The activities in A, C, E bands were sharply decreased in the susceptible varieties as the concentration of bensulfuron was increased.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.445-455
• /
• 2000

Purpose: We evaluated the distribution of hypoperfusion in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the relationship of thalamic hypoperfusion to severity of cognitive and behavioral sequelae. Materials and Methods: Tc-99m ECD SPECT and MRI were performed in 103 patients (M/F=81/22, mean age $34.7{\pm}15.4$ yrs) from 0.5 to 55 months (mean 10.3 months) after TBI. The patients were divided into three groups showing no abnormalities (G1), focal (G2) and diffuse injury (G3) on MRI. Psychometric tests assessed 11 cognitive or behavioral items. In all patients, we evaluated the distribution of hypoperfused areas in SPECT, and in 57/103 patients, neuropsychological (NP) abnormalities in patients with thalamic hypoperfusion were compared with those of patients without thalamic hypoperfusion. Results: The perfusion deficits were most frequently located in the frontal lobe (G1, 42.3%: G2 34.5%: G3 33.3%), temporal lobe ($24{\sim}26%$) thalami ($21{\sim}22.4%$), parietal and occipital lobe (${\leq}10%$). Numbers of NP abnormalities in the cases of cortical hypoperfusion with or without concomitant thalamic hypoperfusion were following: the former $4.7{\pm}1.5$ and the latter $3.2{\pm}1.4\;in\;G1,\;5.0{\pm}1.1\;and\;4.8{\pm}1.2\;in\;G2,\;6.8{\pm}1.8\;and\;6.3{\pm}1.1\;in\;G3$, respectively. This difference according to thalamic hypoperfusion was significant in G1 (p=0.002), but was not significant in G2 or G3. Conclusion: SPECT in patients with TBI had demonstrated hypoperfusion mostly involving the frontal, temporal and thalami. In normal group on MRI, frontal hypoperfusion was more prominent than that of any other group, Furthermore in this group, SPECT could predict severity of NP outcome by concomitant thalamic hypoperfusion with cerebral cortical abnormalities.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.306-310
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The aim was to assess how the background site affects the Gates' glomerular filtration rate(GFR) measurement using Tc-99m-DTPA in correlation with GFR by I-125-lothalamate method. Material and methods: The study populations were 63 adults with 39 men and 24 women aged from 20 to 59 yrs (mean=37.9 yrs). The fellowing five background regions of interest were used in measurement of GFR using Gates' method: 1) lower side of each kidney(subrenal), 2) around each kidney(circumferential), 3) upper side of each kidney(suprarenal), 4) lateral side of each kidney(lateral), 5) between the two kidneys(inter-renal). We also measured GFR using I-125-iothalamate in each subject. The two studies were separated by 1 to 3 weeks. The subjects were divided into two groups by renal depth. Group 1 with renal $depth{\geq}7cm$ and group 2 with renal depth<7cm. We calculated the means and standard deviations of the GFRs measured by two studies. And we statistically analyzed the correlation and differences among GFRs by Gates' method and the GFR by iothalamate method with correlation analysis. Results: The GFRs by Gates' method using suprarenal and inter-renal background correction showed better correlation with the GFR measured by I-125-iothalamate. And GFRs measured by Gates' method showed statistically significant correlation with the GFR measured by I-125-iothalamate in the group with renal depth<7cm. But GFRs measured by Gates' method did not show statistically significant correlation with the GFR measured by I-125-iothalamate in the group with renal $depth{\geq}7cm$. Conclusion: GFRs measured with Gates' method showed higher correlation with the GFR measured by I-125-iothalamate when the regions of interest were plated over the suprarenal and inter-renal backgrounds. And GFRs measured with Gates method showed statistically significant correlation with the GFR measured by I-125-iothalamate in the group with renal depth<7cm.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.65-69
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Normal pancreas has low uptake rate in $^{18}F$-FDG PET scan. However, it is possible to diagnose malignancy of pancreatic cancer which has high uptake rate. Many studies approve a high prevalence of diabetes in pancreatic cancer and if the blood glucose level (BGL) is over the normal range, FDG uptake will be decreased and there will be inconvenience for patients from the delay time to reduce the high BGL or could cause difficulty to arrange the schedule. Therefore, we studied the relation of BGL and image quality in pancreatic cancer on PET. Materials and Methods: A hundred patients had PET scan. The prevalence of pancreatic cancer and diabetes were evaluated using SPSS ver. 17. The fasting BGL of patients were examined and sorted as diabetes mellitus (DM) group and Non-DM group. For the evaluation, patients were divided into 3 groups (Non-DM, DM; BGL${\geq}7.0mmol/L$, and DM; BGL<7.0 mmol/L). The ROI was drown on Liver and Lung for the PET imaging analysis. Results: Fifty three male and forty seven female were in the patients. The average age was $60.1{\pm}13.5$. There were 36 patients (male: 22, female: 14, 36%) who had pancreatic cancer with DM. There were 15 patients who showed over 7.0 mmol/L in their fasting BGL and 85 patients who showed under 7.0 mmol/L in their fasting BGL. Among the Non-DM, DM; BGL${\geq}7.0mmol/L$, and DM; BGL<7.0 mmol/L, there was not a statistical significance (p>0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of pancreatic cancer was comparatively high in this study. If the fasting BGL was slightly over the normal BGL, we believe it will not give a severe disturbance when the patients have PET scan. Furthermore, the examination schedule doesn't need to change and the inconvenience from the delay of patients preparation will be reduced.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.12-16
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate accurately physical characteristics of total mixed rations (TMR) by investigating the effects of physically effective neutral detergent fiber content on the growth performance and carcass characteristics in fattening steers. Twelve Hanwoo (Bos Taurus coreanae) steers aged 26 months were used in this trial. Steers were offered one of two total mixed ration (TMR) diets - High or Low physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content groups-that were differentiated by mixing time. The carcass traits of the experimental animals were evaluated by Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation (KAPE) after slaughter. Body weight gain during the experimental period was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the High group ($30.00{\pm}10.27kg$) compared with the Low group ($17.20{\pm}6.34kg$), and daily weight gain was also high in the former. Although there was no significant difference, the carcass weight was higher in the High group ($414.60{\pm}34.28kg$) compared with the Low group ($377.80{\pm}11.97kg$). However, the beef quality grade of the Low group ($1^{++}$) was higher than that of the High group ($1^+$). Increases in body weight gain, daily gain, and carcass weight for the High group were mainly influenced by a high level of dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility; consequently, back-fat thickness increased and the beef quality grade was lowered. Because growth performance and carcass characteristics were affected by the physical traits of the diet, we suggested that proper peNDF content is also needed for fattening steers.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the proper feeding level and duration of fermented barley grain feed before harvesting to improve the availability of barley for feed. Trial 1 was to investigate the proper feeding amount of fermented barley grain fermented feed, and we prepared 32 heads (603.4 ± 42.7kg) of 22-month-old Hanwoo steer (603.4 ± 42.7kg) for 8 heads in 4 treatment groups. 48 heads (625.8 ± 13.1kg) for Trial 2 were used for 12heads per 4 treatments, and were reared for about 9 months until 30 months of age. Trial 1 is treated a Control group that feed 10㎏ of concentrate, replaces 10% fermented barley grain feed(FBGF) of the control by (TRT 1) and 20% (TRT 2) and 30%(TRT 3). Concentrate and FBGF fed 9, 2.1 kg, 8, 4.2 kg, 7 and 7, 6.3 kg on each treatments respectively and 1.5 kg of rice straw for forage. In Trial 2, 10% of alternative diets were judged to be appropriate, and the control of 9kg of diets and barley grain fermented feeds were used to determine the appropriate feeding period. The treatments were 3 months before shipment (TRT 1), 6 months (TRT 2) and 9 months (TRT32). Each treatment group had 8 and 2.1 kg of concentrate and barley grain fermentation, respectively. As a feed, rice straw was fed to 1.5 kg. The daily gains per treatment were higher in TRT 1 and TRT 3 was similar to the Control. Body weight and daily gain during the test period were higher in TRT 1 fed 10% barley grain fermented feed. TRT 2 was the highest at 6.13, and TRT 3 was 6.0, which was higher than 5.63 of TRT 1 and 5.5 of Control.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2003

Objectives : Because shipyard workers are involved with various manufacturing process, they are exposed to many kinds of hazardous materials. Welders especially, are exposed to bisphenol-A (BPA) during the welding and flame cutting of coated steel, This study was conducted to assess the exposure status of the endocrine disrupter based on the job-exposure matrix. The effects of the genetic polymorphism of xenobiotic enzyme metabolisms involved in the metabolism of BPA on the levels of urinary metabolite were investigated. Methods : The study population was recruited from a shipyard company in the f province. A total of 84 shipbuilding workers 47 and 37 in the exposed and control groups, respectively, were recruited for this study. The questionnaire variables included, age, sex, use of personal protective equipment, smoking, drinking and work duration. The urinary metabolite was collected in the afternoon and correction made for the urinary creatinine concentration. The of the CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and UGT1A6 genotypes were investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods with the DNA extracted from venous blood. Results : The urinary BPA level in the welders group was significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05). The urinary BPA concentration with the wild type UGT1A6 was higher than the other UGT1A6 genotypes, but with no statistical significant. From themultiple regression analysis of the urinary BPA, the regression coefficient for job grade was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions : The grade of exposure to BPA affected the urinary BPA concentration was statistically significant. However, the genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotics enzyme metabolism were not statistically significant. Further investigation of the genetic polymorphisms with a larger sample size is needed.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.10-17
• /
• 2004

Purpose : $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura(HSP) nephritis has a variable range of prevalence from 25 to 50% among HSP patients and is a common cause of chronic glomerulonephritis in children. In our study, we evaluated the distribution and the association of the angioten-sinogen(AGT) M235T polymorphism with the clinical manifestations, particularly proteinuria in children with HSP with or without nephritis. Methods : The AGT M235T polymorphism was determined in children with HSP nephritis (n=33) or HSP without nephritis(n=28) who had been diagnosed at Busan Paik hospital from January 1996 to June 2001. The M235T polymorphism of the AGT gene was determined by PCR amplification of the genomic DNA. Results : The M235T polymorphism of AGT gene frequency was MM 75%, MT : 25%, TT : 0% in HSP and MM : 64%, MT : 36%, TT : 0% in HSP nephritis, there was no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between the two groups. No significant differences in clinical manifestations at onset and last follow-up were seen between the two genotypes. When statistical analysis was done according to the presence of the M allele, the amount of 24-hour urinary protein excretion and the incidence of moderate to heavy proteinuria(>500 $mg/m^2/day$) at onset and at last follow-up were higher in the MT genotype than in those of in the MM genotype but these difference were not statistically significant. Conclusion : We suggest a lack of association between M235T polymorphism of the AGT gene and clinical manifestations in children with HSP nephritis. However, further follow-up studies based on sufficient number of patients and long term follow up periods are necessary to confirm the role of M235T polymorphism of AGT gene in children with HSP nephritis.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.289-299
• /
• 2003

Effects of various combinations of corn oil (CO) and perilla oil (PO) as respective dietary sources of ${\omega}$-6 and ${\omega}$-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on fatty acid profiles of immune organs were studied in young chicks. Seventy-five 1-day-old male (ISA Brown) chicks were assigned to five treatments with three replications. Semi-purified-type diets containing glucose and soybean meal as major ingredients were added with 8% CO, 6% CO+2% PO, 4% CO+4% PO, 2% CO+6% PO and 8% PO and fed for 7 weeks. There were no significant differences in body weight gain, feed intake and relative weights of liver and immune organs (g/100g weight) among dietary groups. Dietary fatty acid patterns were generally reflected in the fatty acid compositions of all immune organs such as spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius. The levels of a-linolenic acid(LNA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid in various immune organs increased with increasing levels of perilla oil in the diets, whilet the levels of linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) decreased. Thymus appeared to have capacity to retain remarkably higher (P<0.05) levels of LA and LNA up to 37 and 22%, respectively, compared to the other organs. Thymic tissue contained ${\omega}$-3 fatty acid and ${\omega}$-6 fatty acid 10~36 times and 3~5 times higher than the other organs, respectively. Spleen tissue was specifically higher (P<0.05) in the levels of AA and EPA and the ratios of AA/LA and EPA/LNA, compared to the other organs, suggesting that the tissue might have high desaturase activity to convert LA or LNA to AA or EPA, respectively. BSA antibody production tended to increase by 18 ~ 32% with higher levels of perilla oil in diet, although the increase was not statistically significant. In conclusion, fatty acid compositions of immune organs very depending on the lipid composition of the diets and each organ appears to respond differently for its fatty acid profile to dietary lipids. Considering AA and EPA are precursors of many important eicosanoids, further studies are required to clarify the responses of the immune organs to the dietary fatty acids.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.311-319
• /
• 1995

Purpose : To evaluate the survival and prognostic factors in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer treated with curative radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy Materials and Methods : A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 35 patients who had locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and treated with curative radiotherapy in Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, from January 1991 through December 1993. According to AJCC staging, 15 patients were stage IIIA, and 20 were stage IIIB. Radiotherapy was delivered with 1 8-2 Gy per fraction/day. 5 days per week using 6 MV X-ray, to a total dose ranging from 48.8 Gy to 66.6 Gy (median, 61.2 Gy) in 4 to 9 weeks. Ten patients received neoadjuvant or concurrent chemotherapy with FIP (5-FU, ifosfamide, and cisplatin) or FP (5-FU and cisplatin) Results : For all Patients, median survival was 6 months. 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 23.3% and 6.7%, respectively The median survival was 8 months in stage IIIA and 5.5 months in stage IIIB. In patients treated with radiation therapy alone, median survival was 5 months and 1-year survival rate was 9%. In patients who received chemotherapy, median survival was 11 months and 1-year survival rate was 60%. The difference of survival between these two groups was statistically significant (p=0.03). Total radiation dose, degree of response, and Post-treatment ECOG score were also significantly associated with survival. But it was not affected by age, sex, pretreatment ECOG score, presence or absence of weight loss, tumor location. pathologic type, N stage, and degree of response to treatment. Conclusion : Conventional radiotherapy alone is unlikely to achieve long term survival in patients with stage III NSCLC. Radiotherapy with altered fractionation schedule or multimodality treatment combined with surgery and/or chemotherapy should be considered if feasible.