• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.405-413
• /
• 2014

In this study, gemcitabine (Gem)-Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) conjugates were synthesized through an amide linkage reaction. Then, the microparticles of Gem-PLLA/PLLA blends containing gemcitabine were prepared using a supercritical fluid process, called aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES). Gemcitabine-loaded Gem-PLLA/PLLA microparticles obtained from the ASES process showed a spherical shape. The amount of gemcitabine released after 30 day incubation in a phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.4 was about 90% of the total amount of gemcitabine present in the product.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 2008

Immunizations are among the most cost-effective and widely used public health interventions. This is a report a revision of recommendation of immunization for children by Korean Pediatric Society. Immunization. Vaccines were divided into 4 groups. 1) Vaccines that are recommended to all infants and children (BCG, hepatitis B vaccine, DTaP, Td, Polio vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, MMR, varicella vaccine, influenza vaccine [6-23 months of age], H. influenzae type b vaccine), 2) those that can be administered to all infants and children, but decision of administration is made by parents (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine, influenza vaccine [healthy children ${\geq}24$ months of age], rotavirus vaccine, human papilloma virus vaccine), 3) those that should be given to high risk group (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine [high risk patients ${\geq}24$ months of age], influenza vaccine [high risk patients ${\geq}24$ months of age], typhoid vaccine), and 4) those administered for control of outbreaks or prevention of emerging infectious diseases. Immunization schedule recommended by Korean Pediatric Society in 2008 is presented.

• 한국추진공학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.109-121
• /
• 2004

본 논문에는 열교환기로서의 재색기내부에서 발생하는 주기적 및 연속적 유동을 조사하기 위한 분산, 비선형 수학적 모델이 제시되어 있다. 일차원 유동 및 2차원 격벽 내 비정상 열교환 문제를 해결하기 위한 비 반복적 수치적분 방법이 개발되었다. 제안된 방법에 대한 검증을 위하여 회전 세라믹 매트릭스 재생기에 대한 예가 제시되었으며 재생기가 최고의 열역학적 효율을 각기 위한 최적의 회전수를 계산하였다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 1983

For development of $EMIT-T_{3}$ assay, the conjugation of 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyroformic acid NHS ester to G6PDH was attempted in various reaction conditions. Up to now, the best conjugation condition was the ratio of $T_{3}$-NHS:G6PDH=100 in 25% carbitol-Tris buffer at pH 9, $0^{\circ}C$ during overnight. The obtained $T_{3}$-G6PDH conjugates usually had 20% residual enzyme activity which was inhibited by 40-70% with various $anti-T_{3}$ antibodies. Utilizing the conjugate I and an antibody (S2633G), a useful standard curve for $T_{3}$ assay was obtained in the range of 0 to 5ng/ml with 499 EMIT units of separation.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1993년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
• /
• pp.134-136
• /
• 1993

This paper presents a novel and efficient method to calculate the critical point of voltage collapse. Conjugate gradient and modified Newton-Raphson methods are employed to calculate two pairs of multiple load flow solutions for two operating conditions, i.e., both +mode and -mode voltages for two loading conditions respectively. Then these four voltage magnitude-load data sets of the bus which is most susceptible to voltage collapse, are fitted to third order polynomial using Lagrangian interpolation in order to represent approximate nose curve (P-V curve). This nose curve locates first estimate of the critical point of voltage collapse. The procedure described above is repeated near the critical point and the new estimate will be very close to the critical point. The proposed method is tested for the eleven bus Klos-Kerner system, with good accuracy and fast computation time.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.1102-1108
• /
• 1997

Proteins and polysaccharides confer distinct functional properties in food systems. This research was attempted to improve emulsion properties of casein by protein-polysaccharide conjugation, in which alginates with various molecular weights were employed as polysaccharide sources. Casein-alginate mixtures were conjugated by the amino-carbonyl or Maillard reaction at 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 79% relative humidity. The resulting casein-alginate conjugates were tested for their emulsion activity and emulsion stabilizing properties. In general, the emulsion stability of casein-alginate mixture greatly increased due to the amino-carbonyl reaction between casein and alginates, whose magnitude depended on the molecular weight of alginate, weight ratio of casein to alginate and incubation time. It was also found that thermal stability and pH stability were markedly improved by the casein-alginate conjugation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.369-373
• /
• 1997

When 1H NMR spectra of pyridine, 4-amino-, 4-methyl-, and 4-cyanopyridine coordinated to the paramagnetic polyoxometalate, [SiW11CoⅡO39]6- in D2O are compared, both α- and β-proton peaks are shifted upfield as the basicity of the ligand decreases. The isotropic shifts are separated into contact and pseudocontact contributions by assuming that the contact shifts are proportional to the isotropic shifts of the same ligands coordinated to [SiW11NiⅡO39]6-. This separation reveals that the shift variations with the axial ligand basicity are dominated by changes in the magnetic anisotropy (pseudocontact shift) of [SiW11CoⅡ(ptl)O39]6- (ptl=pyridine-type ligand). The magnitude of the magnetic anisotropy in a series of pyridine-type ligands increases linearly as the pKa of their conjugate acids decreases.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.936-942
• /
• 2012

This review was to elucidate the fate of Bentazon(3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide) and its metabolites in soil. Bentazon is rapidly degraded to form polar metabolites which are mostly adsorbed to soil components, such as humin or fulvic acid, as non extractable forms and mineralized into $CO_2$ by light or micro-organisms in both aerobic or nonaerobic condition. The degradation of Bentazon is dependent on the rate of organic matters in soil and the use of land for the tillage. The degradation rate is decreased as the amount of organic matters in soil increases and if the land is under use for tillage. Sorption and mobility of Bentazon depends on soil pH and the content of organic matters in soil. Usually, the sorption of the metabolites of Bentazon is decreased with increase in the mobility and pH. Almost all of Bentazon is degraded within rhizosphere or forms conjugate bonds with soil organic matters before it reaches to the ground water.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2018

This research examined the alternatives of Jensen's alpha (α) estimation models in the Capital Asset Pricing Model, discussed by Treynor (1961), Sharpe (1964), and Lintner (1965), using the robust maximum likelihood type m-estimator (MM estimator) and Bayes estimator with conjugate prior. According to finance literature and practices, alpha has often been estimated using ordinary least square (OLS) regression method and monthly return data set. A sample of 50 securities is randomly selected from the list of the S&P 500 index. Their daily and monthly returns were collected over a period of the last five years. This research showed that the robust MM estimator performed well better than the OLS and Bayes estimators in terms of efficiency. The Bayes estimator did not perform better than the OLS estimator as expected. Interestingly, we also found that daily return data set would give more accurate alpha estimation than monthly return data set in all three MM, OLS, and Bayes estimators. We also proposed an alternative market efficiency test with the hypothesis testing Ho: α = 0 and was able to prove the S&P 500 index is efficient, but not perfect. More important, those findings above are checked with and validated by Jackknife resampling results.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제59권4호
• /
• pp.170-176
• /
• 2015

In vaccine development, the major points may be induction of effective and increased levels of antibody production. This is especially the case when the antigenic sources are carbohydrates. For many years, thus, we have researched various types of formulations such as liposomal and conjugate vaccines. However, the fastidious formulation process and high costs are a problem. For this reason, there is currently a focus on utilizing immunoadjuvants. In this present study, we tested if platycodin D (PLD) from Platycodon Radix have immunoadjuvant activity against the cell wall of Candida albicans (CACW). The resulting data showed that in the murine model of antibody production, CACW combined with PLD [CACW/PLD/IFA] increased the production of antibodies specific to C. albicans when compared to the antibody production by [CACW/IFA]-induction, which was used as a negative control (P<0.05). In the case of [CACW/PLD/IFA], the antibody production was 1.4 times as that of the CFA. In addition, formulations containing either had a prolonged antibody inducing activity maintaining the initial titers of antibody as compared to the CFA formula. Cytokine profiling with the antisera displayed that the PLD produced both Th1 and Th2 immunoresponses, but Th1 dominant was much greater (P<0.05). Furthermore, [CACW/PLD/IFA] formula enhanced resistance of mice against disseminated candidiasis, whereas the CFA had no such effect. In conclusion, PLD has an immunologic activity, which is protective against the disease. Thus, PLD can be a goof candidate for a new immunoadjuvant in development of the fungal vaccine.