• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.321-321
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• 2022

Wheat was brought to solve food scarcity with aid from the United States caused by the Korean War. The Korean government launched a campaign to encourage mixed rice and wheat meals due to shortage of rice production in the 1960s, Wheat consumption began in earnest. However, it is difficult to rebuild the domestic wheat production base devastated by the Korean War with the technology at the time. Thus, wheat was mainly consumed from imported in the past. Since then, as wheat consumption has increased due to westernization and diversification of dietary life, wheat became the second staple grain in Korea. In this situation, the government enacted the Wheat Industry Promotion Act to create a basis for sustainable production and consumption of wheat in Korea. This study sought to improve the self-sufficiency of domestic wheat by examining the possibility of using "Ariheuk", a variety of new Korean wheat, as a rice supplement in the same context as the govemment's policy. Wheat has been used as a raw material for the processed food, such as noodles and bread. However, we approached it by using whole wheat as a nutritional grain. Participants were recruited from the agri-food consumer panel conducted by Rural Development Administration. We set a final sample of 525 consumer panels based on the age of census household heads. The experiment was conducted in such a way that participants cooked and ate 100% rice meal and rice containing 20% whole wheat meal. Participants completed the sensory evaluation questionnaire with online. For this experiment, all participants were given same whole wheat product. The sensory evaluation questionnaire consisted of color, glossiness, stickiness, aroma, chewing, sweetness, nuttiness, chewiness, softness, bursting, flavor, texture and swallowability. The sensory evaluation results were analyzed by giving -3 points to +3 points. The former points were given to the response that 100% rice meal is very superior to the response that rice containing 20% whole wheat meal. The latter points were given vice versa. Zero point was given to the response that they are similar each other. As a result, rice with 20% whole wheat meal was better than 100% rice meal in terms of color, aroma, chewiness, bursting and flavor. In case of sweetness and glossiness, there didn't exist significantly different. On the other hands, 100% rice meal was better in terms of softness and swallowability. As a result of ANOVA by age groups, from 30s or younger to 60s or more, there was significant difference among the groups in terms of color, chewiness and bursting. As a result of post-hoc analysis with Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05), 50s were evaluated to be significantly superior in color, chewiness and bursting compared to other age groups. In conclusion, it is appropriate to use whole wheat as a supplement to rice in order to improve the self-sufficiency of domestic wheat. As a strategy to promote domestic wheat consumption, in case of Ariheuk, it is necessary to provide an experience through whole wheat tasting and to establish a marketing strategy segmented by age groups.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2024

Objectives : We aimed to study the effect of Smilax China L.(SCL), which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects, on the growth of skin cancer cells. Methods : HaCaT cells, a normal human cell line, and skin cancer cells including A431, SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cells were treated with Smilax China L. ethanol extract(SCL-EtOH) at concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40㎍/㎖. Meanwhile, JB6 Cl41, a normal mouse epithelial cell line, was treated with epidermal growth factor(EGF) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(TPA), an inflammatory factor, to induce cell transformation and treated with SCL-EtOH. In addition, we treated SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cells with SCL-EtOH at various concentrations and checked the effect on the cell cycle. Results : As a result, it showed no toxicity to HaCaT cells up to the highest concentration of 40㎍/㎖, and significant cell growth inhibition to A431, SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In addition, as a result of checking the shape of skin cancer cells according to SCL-EtOH treatment, it was observed that as the concentration increased, the number of normally attached and growing cells decreased and the shape of the cells changed. Colony formation was significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner in JB6 Cl41 cells treated with EGF or TPA. Flow cytometry analysis with propidium iodide(PI) staining showed that SCL-EtOH induced the G2/M phase arrest. We further confirmed the decrease in Cyclin B1 expression and increase in p27 expression associated with the G2/M phase of the cell cycle through western blot analysis. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that SCL-EtOH induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, through Western blot analysis, it was observed that the expression of cleaved-caspase-7, which is related to apoptosis, increased. Finally, it was confirmed that the expression of COX-2, an inflammatory marker protein, decreased in a concentration-dependent manner with SCL-EtOH. Conclusions : Through the above results, we have established a basis for applying SCL to the treatment of skin cancer.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2008

The main purpose of this work is the development of water quality level model using the data such as DO, EC, BOD, $COD_{Cr},\;NH_3-N,\;NO_3-N,\;PO_4-P$, T-N, T-P, and SS in 88 agricultural streams of the Han river watersheds. To grant water quality level for each parameters, it divided into 20% respectively in the order of water quality level. On the basis of the lowest water quality level, water quality of streams was assigned. As the result, number of stream corresponding to Level Ⅰ was 0, Level II was 1 stream, Level III was 3 streams, Level IV was 22 streams, and Level V was 62 streams. By standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient, $NO_3-N$ was the highest in 0.427 at the discriminant power. According to discriminant function for water quality level, it was equal to $-4.648+3.246{\times}[NO_3-N],\;-5.084+3.456{\times}[NO_3-N],\;-4.298+3.067{\times}[NO_3-N],\;and\;-7.369+4.396{\times}[NO_3-N]$ from Level II to Level V, respectively. As a result of test at real data of the Han river watersheds in 2007, the suitability of water quality level model was high to 88.4%.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.325-334
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze family variations for growth-related traits of Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated using all measurement data like shell length, shell width, and total weight as 18-month-old growth traits of 5,334 individuals of selected third generation's Pacific abalone produced in 2011. Family variations of 865 individuals of the upper 10 families with the largest number were inspected. Overall mean in phenotypic traits of 18-month-old Pacific abalone which was investigated in this study showed 54.5 mm of shell length, 36.8 mm of shell width and 21.3 g of total weight respectively. And, variation coefficient of total weight was 51.0%, so variability of data was shown to be higher than 21.1% of shell length and 20.7% of shell width. The family effects showed significant difference by each family (p < 0.05), and heritability of shell length, shell width, and total weight was medium with 0.370, 0.382, and 0.367 respectively. So it is considered that family selection is more advantageous than individual selection. On the basis of breeding values of estimated shell length and total weight, to investigate distribution and ranking by each individual about the upper 10 families with the largest number of individuals, the values were used by being changed into standardized breeding values. Based on shell length, it was investigated that the individual number of the upper 5.4% is 152 and the number of the lower 5.4% is 8. In case of total weight, it was inspected that the individual number of the upper 5.4% is 164 and the number of the lower 5.4% is 1. Like these, phenotypic and genetic diverse variations between families could be checked. By estimating genetic parameters and breeding values of a population for production of the next generation, if they are used properly in selection and mating, it is considered that more breeding effects can be expected.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1132-1139
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• 2008

A CpG island is a short stretch of DNA in which the frequency of the CG dinucleotide is higher than other regions. CpG islands are present in the promoters and exonic regions of approximately $30{\sim}60$% of mammalian genes so they are useful markers for genes in organisms containing 5-methylcytosine in their genomes. Recent evidence supports the notion that the hypermethylation of CpG island, by silencing tumor suppressor genes, plays a major causal role in cancer, which has been described in almost every tumor types. In this respect, CpG island search by computational methods is very helpful for cancer research and computational promoter and gene predictions. I therefore developed a window program (called CpGi) on the basis of CpG island criteria defined by D. Takai and P. A. Jones. The program 'CpGi' was implemented in Visual C++ 6.0 and can determine the locations of CpG islands using diverse parameters (%GC, Obs (CpG)/Exp (CpG), window size, step size, gap value, # of CpG, length) specified by user. The analysis result of CpGi provides a graphical map of CpG islands and G+C% plot, where more detailed information on CpG island can be obtained through pop-up window. Two human contigs, i.e. AP00524 (from chromosome 22) and NT_029490.3 (from chromosome 21), were used to compare the performance of CpGi and two other public programs for the accuracy of search results. The two other programs used in the performance comparison are Emboss-CpGPlot and CpG Island Searcher that are web-based public CpG island search programs. The comparison result showed that CpGi is on a level with or outperforms Emboss-CpGPlot and CpG Island Searcher. Having a simple and easy-to-use user interface, CpGi would be a very useful tool for genome analysis and CpG island research. To obtain a copy of CpGi for academic use only, contact corresponding author.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.63-80
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• 1974

The chemical components of Citrus junos produced in Korea were divided into two parts; common and special components respectively. In the former the relation between the physiological effects of the plant and its ripening process was observed periodically while the latter was analyzed the ripening fruits for their effective utilization as food. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The analytical result of seasonal change showed that the rind ratio was higher than the flesh ratio and on a regional basis, the rind ratio was higher in the islands than on land areas. 2. In the experiment the moisture was increased until the third period, but afterwards it was made constant. While the content of crude fat, cellulose, ash, total acid and soluble non-nitrogen material were decreased until the third period and the cotent of cellulose and total acid were continuousely redused until the last period. In con trast with the above the content of reducing sugars was increased but the content of crude fat, cellulose, ash, crude protein and soluble non-nitrogen material were increased until last period. 3. The content of vitamin C was richer in the rind than in the flesh, in the Korean species than in the Japanese. 4. Free sugars; xylose, fructose, glucose were richer in the rind than in the flesh. 5. The content of volatile organic acids was richer in the rind than in the flesh. Among them, volatile acids, acetic acid, formic and n-valeric acid were found in the rind and formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were deteceed in the flesh. 6. The total content of non-volatile acids was richer in the flesh than in the rind. In the kind of non-volatile acids, citric acid,glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid and an unknown acid were found in the rind and citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, glutaric acid and malonic acid in the flesh. 7. Three kinds of aromatic components: D-limonene, ${\alpha}-pinene$, p-cymene and seven other kinds of unknown aromatic components were detected in neutral essential oils. Among them, D-limonene seemed to be main aromatic component in the fruits. 8. From the above results it is confirmed that both rind and flesh of the ripened fruit could be utilized for food effectively, and unripened fruits are suitable for producing citric acid, ripened fruits are also useful for producing juice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.902-908
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the quality of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) fermented by Bacillus subtilis at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. We determined the changes in temperature, the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, carbohydrate, solid content, pH, Brix, salinity, free amino acid, Hunter's color value, electron donating ability (EDA) activities and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. The contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and carbohydrate after fermentation to mixing ratio of glasswort were $10.45{\sim}30.18%$, $11.69{\sim}19.26%$, $17.65{\sim}25.56%$ and $21.01{\sim}59.10%$ (dry basis), respectively. The solid content, pH, sugar and salinity of fermented glasswort were $39.56{\sim}52.25%$, $6.01{\sim}6.71$, $1.2{\sim}1.7$ Brix and $0.3{\sim}0.6%$, respectively. Total amino acid level of the fermented glasswort was $447.57{\sim}668.89\;mg$/100 g, and was the highest in glasswort mixed with rice bran at a ratio of 1 (w) : 1 (w). Moreover, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, $\beta$-aminoisobutyric acid, lysine and arginine were the main free amino acids. EDA activities and ACE inhibition after fermentation were $46.66{\pm}1.21{\sim}50.87{\pm}1.84%$ and $96.77{\pm}1.23{\sim}97.56{\pm}1.23%$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2020

The vertical distribution of vegetation can be classified according to the altitudinal gradient and the distribution of species along this gradient. The purpose of this study was to analyze the vegetation structure, species composition, dimensional density, and change according to altitude. These data illustrate the distribution of coniferous forest by altitude. By order of importance, the vegetation structure of this mixed forest consisted of Abies nephrolepis (12.2), Pinus koraiensis (10.86), and Acer komarovii (8.11). As a result of species composition according to the altitude, A. nephrolepis and Maianthemum bifolium increased in importance with increasing altitude. Tripterygium regelii emerged between 1,400 m and 1,600 m, which indicates that forest gaps were frequent at that elevation. The species diversity index was the highest from 1,400-1,500 m and coincided with the presence of forest gaps. The changes in A. nephrolepis of evergreen conifers increased significantly from 402 ± 5.4 ha.^-1 to 528 ± 11.6 ha.^-1 for two years, and decreased from 57 ± 1.3 ha.^-1 to 56 ± 1.6 ha.^-1 for P. koraiensis. The density of A. nephrolepis and P. koraiensis seedlings significantly increased at 1,500-1,600 m. The results of this study can be used as a basis to identify the mast seeding year with the increase or decrease of seedlings. In addition to documenting the evergreen conifer population of the Seorak Mountain, these results can be built upon for future monitoring of seedlings mortality.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.193-203
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• 2013

The social welfare service is expanding to different field as the social welfare budget is increasing. By this opportunity, it needs to make clear of the basis of argument that the necessity of development of korean government's support and aid by social policy should be worked. Welfare economics perspective, this study used by the operating expenditure in welfare facilities for the elderly old people to effect social benefits to be gained, in other words, business value analysis. Local elderly people, provide opportunities to participate in the economic activities of the family welfare services offered to attainment of the elderly welfare policy, and provide disease prevention and health promotion opportunities, to enhance the satisfaction of life, including a wide range of impact will cause. In this study, elderly people use the welfare facilities for the elderly when they get the benefits by applying the AHP analysis techniques operating value was calculated. Elderly Welfare Center operated by the result of applying P senior welfare center Case of the metropolitan area value was estimated 248.4 billion won. Contribute to the effects caused by the cost factor of the analysis was 23.1% of the total 57.3 billion won. Independence elements 57.6 billion (23.2%), the analysis of the therapeutic elements 133.4 billion (53.7%) of the net was. The result of the study anticipates the role of basic research material for the necessity of intervention, support, and aid by the Welfare facilities for the elderly field at this point in time where the welfare budget policy in terms of universal social service is reinforced, rather than the trend, until recently, of realizing the Elderly welfare budget and service as Consumption expenditure and consumable benefits and the function of performing the effect and evaluation in tentative action of social conflict.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

Purpose: A urea breath test (UBT) using C-14 or C-13 has been developed for identifying Helicobacter (H) pylori infection on the basis of urease production with release of labeled $CO_2$. We investigated if the C-14 and C-13 UBT have the difference to reflect the presence and degree of H. pylori infection detected by gastro-duodenoscopic biopsies (CBx) in the same patients. Materials and methods: Thirty eight patients (M:F = 28:10, age $53.4{\pm}13.0$ yrs) with upper gastrointestinal symptoms such as indigestion, gastric fullness or pain consecutively underwent C-14 UBT, GBx and C-13 UBT within one week before medications. For the C-14 UBT, a single breath sample was collected at 10 minutes after ingestion of C-14 urea (37 KBq) capsule and counting was done in a liquid scintillation counter for 1 minute, and the results were classified as positive (${\ge}$ 200 dpm), intermediate (50-199 dpm) or negative (50 dpm). For the C-13 UBT, the results were classified as positive (${\ge}2.5\%_{\circ}$) or negative ($<2.5\%_{\circ}$). The results of GBx with Giemsa stain were graded 0 (normal) to 4 (diffuse) according to the distribution of H. pylori by the Wyatt method. We compared C-14 UBT and C-13 UBT results with GBx grade as a gold standard. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection by GBx with Giemsa stain was 25/38 (65.8%). In the assessment of the presence of H. pylori infection, the C-14 UBT global performance yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of 92.0%, 92.3%, 95.8%, 91.7% and 92.1%, respectively. However, the C-13 UBT had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 96.0%, 84.6%, 92.3%, 91.7% and 92.1%, respectively. The more significant correlation in C-14 than C-13 UBT (r=0.948 vs r=0.819, p <0.001) was found between the value of UBT and the grade of distribution of H. pylori infection. Conclusion: We conclude that the diagnostic performance between C-14 and C-13 UBT to detect H. pylori infection is not significantly different, but the value of C-14 UBT more significantly reflects the degree of bacterial distribution.