• Title/Summary/Keyword: p-Coumaric acid

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A Study on the Classifying Quality Standard by Comparison with Physicochemical Characteristics of Virgin, Pure, Pomace Olive Oil (버진, 퓨어, 포마스 올리브유의 이화학적인 특성 비교를 통한 품질등급 구분에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Eun-Ah;Lee, Young-Sang
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.339-347
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    • 2014
  • This study investigated the classification of olive oils that are mainly distributed in Korea via imports. The fatty acid contents, degree of color, pigments, anti-oxidants, and sterol contents are analyzed on the different types of olive oil as follows: 10 kinds of extra virgin olive oil, 5 kinds of pure olive oil, and 5 kinds of refined olive-pomace oil. As a result of fatty acid analysis, the majority of oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$) and palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$), and minority of linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) and stearic acid ($C_{18:0}$) were detected without any significant differences between the grades of olive oils. The UV spectrum is related to the ${\Delta}K$, and it is a part of the analysis factor for the purity and degree of degradation of the oil. Extra virgin olive oil had ${\Delta}K$ of almost 0, pure olive oil had 0.07~0.12, and refined olive-pomace oil had 0.1~0.13. These differed from extra virgin oil, and the pure or pomace oil ${\Delta}K$ had a confirmed distinct difference. The color degrees of chlorophyll with a low $L^*$ value and $(-)a^*$ (green) and carotenoid with $(+)b^*$ (yellow) were confirmed to have correlation between extra virgin and other olive oils. To compare chlorophyll and carotenoid as natural pigment in olive oils, 417 nm and the ratio of the absorbance at 480 nm (417/480) was calculated at 1.62 of extra virgin, 1.85 of pure olive oil, and 3.32 of refined olive-pomace oil. Therefore, it will be possible to distinguish when the extra virgin or pure olive oil are mixed with olive-pomace oil. The total amount of tocopherol, an anti-oxidant, were 19.06 in extra virgin, 10.91 in pure olive oil, and 27.88 in refined olive-pomace oil. The high content of tocopherol in pomace oil caused recovery of solvent extraction from olive pulp. Thus, extra virgin oil and pure olive oil were distinguished by olive-pomace oil. Polyphenol compounds in extra virgin olive oil measured high only in ferulic acid with 0.543 mg/kg, caffeic acid with 0.393 mg/kg, and other vanillic acid, vanillin, and p-coumaric acid had similar amount of 0.3 mg/kg. All grade of olive oils had the highest ${\beta}$-sitosterol content. Af (Authenticity factor) value were estimated with campesterol and stigmasterol content ratio (%). Af value was 19.2 in extra virgin olive oil, 17.1 in pure olive oil, 16.9 in refined olive-pomace oil, which were distinctive from sunflower oil with 3.7, corn oil with 2.4, and soybean oil with 2.0. It can provide important indicator of olive oil adulteration with other cheap vegetable oils. The results of this study can be used as a database for the classification of olive oil grade and distinguishing between the different types of oils.

Antioxidative Effects and Component Analysis of Graviola (Annona muricata) Leaf Extract/Fractions (그라비올라(Annona muricata) 잎 추출물 및 분획물의 항산화 활성과 성분 분석)

  • Park, So Hyun;Kim, Ji Min;Kim, Jin Hwan;Oh, Yoon Soo;Joo, Dong Hee;Lee, Eun Young;Shin, Hyuk Soo;Kim, A Rang;Lee, Sang Lae;Park, Soo Nam
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.309-320
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    • 2017
  • In this study, the antioxidative effects and component analysis of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from Annona muricata leaf were investigated. Free radical scavenging activities were performed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, total antioxidant capacities were estimated using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay and $^1O_2$ quenching effects were estimated. Free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 45.6, 29.8 and $18.0{\mu}g/mL$, and total antioxidant capacities ($OSC_{50}$) were 4.4, 1.1 and $2.8{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. As a result of $^1O_2$ quenching experiment, ethyl acetate and aglycone fraction showed similar activities to L-ascorbic acid used as a comparative control. The cellular protective effects of 50% ethanol extract on the $^1O_2-induced$ cellular damage of human erythrocytes were exhibited at concentration-dependent ($5-50{\mu}g/mL$). TLC and HPLC were used to analyse components in the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction of Annona muricata leaf. In ethyl acetate fraction, rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside, nicotiflorin (kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside), p-coumaric acid were identified. In aglycone fraction, kaempferol was identified. These results suggest that the extracts of Annona muricata leaf have the applicability as antioxidant cosmeceutical ingredients.

Effects of High Pressure Treatment on Antioxidant Compounds and Activity of Germinated Rough Rice (Oryza sativa L.) (고압처리가 발아벼의 항산화 성분과 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Min Young;Lee, Sang Hoon;Jang, Gwi Young;Park, Hye Jin;Meishan, Li;Kim, Shinje;Lee, Youn Ri;Lee, Junsoo;Jeong, Heon Sang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.42 no.11
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    • pp.1783-1791
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    • 2013
  • This study is investigated to evaluate the enhancement of antioxidant compound and activity of rough rice with different germination periods and high pressure treatment. The subject was germinated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 6 days (HP0), and then the germinated rough rice were subjected to 30 MPa for 24 hr (HP24) and 48 hr (HP48), respectively. HP0, HP24 and HP48 samples were prepared and extracted with 80% ethanol. The highest total polyphenol contents (5.15 mg/g) occurred in treating at HP48 after germination for 5 days. The total phenolic acid contents including gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, ${\rho}$-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, salicylic acid, naringin, myricetin, trans-cinnamic acid, naringenin and kaempferol increased from $37.26{\sim}204.32{\mu}g/g$ at HP0 to $77.29{\sim}283.05{\mu}g/g$ at HP48. In antioxidant activity analyses, HP48 extracts showed higher values in ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and $Fe^{2+}$ iron chelating effect than those of the HP24 and HP0 extracts. These results suggest that the combined treatment of high pressure treatment and germination process efficiently enhanced antioxidant compound and activity of rough rice.

Antioxidative Components and Antioxidative Capacity of Brown and Black Rices (현미와 흑미의 항산화 성분 및 항산화 활성)

  • Ko, Mi-Rim;Choi, Hyuk-Joon;Han, Bok-Kyung;Yoo, Seung-Seok;Kim, Hyun-Seok;Choi, Sung-Won;Hur, Nam-Yoon;Kim, Chang-Nam;Kim, Byung-Yong;Baik, Moo-Yeol
    • Food Engineering Progress
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.195-202
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    • 2011
  • Physiological characteristics of brown rice and black rice were investigated to provide the fundamental information of physiological property of rice and to show the potential of rice as a functional ingredient. Bioactive compounds were extracted from brown and black rices with aqueous solvents like 80% ethanol. Total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidative capacity of brown and black rices' extracts were determined. Brown rice showed much higher amount of total phenolics and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidative capacity than those of milled rice indicating that most of bioactive compounds are located in the bran layer. Black rice showed higher total phenolics and flavonoid contents and antioxidative capacity than those of brown rices. The highest antioxidative capacity was obtained from Heugjinju followed by Heugseol, Sinnongheug-chal, Hopum and Samkwang. This result indicated that antioxidative capacity is affected by total phenolics and flavonoid contents. Both brown and black rices contained higher amount of ferulic acid than that of p-coumaric acid.

Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Spiraea prunifolia Sieb. et Zucc. var. simpliciflora Nakai in RAW 264.7 Cells (조팝나무 뿌리 열수 추출물이 RAW264.7 세포에서 미치는 항산화 및 항염증 활성)

  • Sim, Mi-Ok;Lee, Hyun Joo;Jang, Ji Hun;Lee, Hyo Eun;Jung, Ho-Kyung;Kim, Tae-Muk;No, Jong hyun;Jung, Jakyun;Jung, Da Eun;Cho, Hyun-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.335-342
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    • 2017
  • Spiraea prunifolia Sieb. et Zucc. var. simpliciflora Nakai (SSN) has been used for the anti-inflammation in traditional folk medicine. To compare water and methanol extracts of SSN, we analyzed major components using LC IT TOF MS. The major components of hot water extract were identified as caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid, but methanol extract was not well established. However, methanol extract was detected with less polarity compounds compared to hot water extract. Next, we investigated the inhibitory effects of SSN water extract on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response or $H_2O_2-induced$ oxidative stress in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. SSN strongly suppressed the production of nitric oxide in LPS-induced inflammatory response without cytotoxcity. The SSN possessed free radical scavenging activities such as DPPH ($IC_{50}=320.2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), ABTS ($IC_{50}=124.0{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), and superoxide anion radical ($IC_{50}=122.6{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). The total phenol and flavonoid content of SSN was 56.7 mg/g, and 15.1 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, SSN decreased the $H_2O_2-induced$ cytotoxicity by enhancing the cell viability, and SSN significantly reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Therefore, SSN may be recommended as an effective strategy to prevent and/or treat various inflammation and ROS-induced diseases.

Analysis of Growth and Functional substance for Cyperus rotundus and Glehnia littoralis by EC Treatment in Reclaimed Soil Conditions (간척지 토양에서 EC 처리에 따른 향부자와 갯방풍의 생육 및 기능성 물질 함량 분석)

  • Jang, Ji-Hyeon;Shin, Hye-In;Park, Jong-Seok
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.411-419
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth and functional differences between C. rotundus and G. littoralis according to different electrical conductivity (EC) conditions in reclaimed soil conditions. C. rotundus and G. littoralis seeds were sown in a tray and managed for seedlings stage for eight weeks. They were transplanted in the pots containing reclaimed soils sampled in the Saemangum region. The plants were grown in the reclaimed land soil for 12 weeks under the control, 1, 2, 4, and $8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ conditions and in horticultural soils with EC $1.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Plant height, leaf length and width of C. rotundus were the highest in EC $1dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Leaf, flower and tuber numbers of C. rotundus were the highest in EC $2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and the lowest in EC $8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, and SPAD was the highest in EC 2 and $4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and the lowest in EC $8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The fresh weights of shoot and root of C. rotundus grown under EC $2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ increased and then decreased as the concentration increased. When compared plant growth between reclaimed soil and horticulture soil with EC $1dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, the fresh weights of shoot and root, SPAD, leaf number, flower number, and tuber number were higher in horticultural soils. Although G. littoralis grown under EC $8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ was the lowest in all growth parameters, there were no significant differences among other EC treatments. C. rotundus had the highest p-coumaric acid content in EC $1dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. And the catechin content in shoot of G. littoralis was the highest in the control, and root of Glehnia littoralis had the highest benzoic acid contents in EC $1dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. If the soil EC is well managed within $4.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, two plants would be cultivated in reclaimed land.

Comparative Study on Phenolic Compounds of Cheorwon Onion by Phosphite Treatment (아인산염 처리에 따른 철원양파의 페놀화합물 비교 연구)

  • Kim, Y.B.;Lee, H.J.;Park, C.H.;Kim, D.H.;Koo, H.J.;Chang, K.J.
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.105-114
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    • 2018
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the change of phenolic compounds after phosphite treatment on Cheorwon onion. Onion is a perennial plant belonging to the lily family. It is native to Persia of Southwest Asia. It is widely cultivated in the temperate regions of the world. Onion is a good name for the 'Okchong' to drop blood cholesterol and cardiovascular blood flow to increase the prevention of adult diseases. Cheorwon area is inland, but it has high continental climate due to its high altitude. Therefore it is said that the onion cultivated in this region has higher sugar content and higher taste than onion grown in the southern region. Phosphorus components are particularly important ingredients for promoting muscle development. However, if the phosphoric acid content of the soil part is maintained to a large extent until the harvest, the competition of the nutrients tends to cause decay of the root part. Therefore, it is important to improve the quality and shelf life of onion by inducing nutrient balance by applying foliar fertilization method on the reducing phosphorus at harvest time. In this study, acidity was controlled by diluting phosphorous acid(H3PO3) and potassium hydroxide(KOH), followed by leaf surface treatment with phosphite on onion. In this study, the concentration of phosphite was diluted to 500, 1,000, 1,500ppm and sprayed three times over the onion leaves in May 2018 using an atomizer and harvested at the end of June, and the phenolic compounds were analyzed by HPLC. As a result, the content of quercetin, one of the important substances in onion, was phosphite 500ppm(179.70㎍/g), 1,000(150.27), 1,500(105.95). The contents of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin, kaempferol, and sugar content were higher in the treatments than in the control. Therefore, the phosphite does not have a great influence on the growth, but it may play a role as a method of achieving balance with nitrogen in the rainy season by supplying the role of the material catalyst and the water soluble phosphoric acid and the potassium in the influence of the material change.

Neuroprotective effect of Coreopsis lanceolata extract against hydrogen-peroxide-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells

  • Kyung Hye Seo;Hyung Don Kim;Jeong-Yong Park;Dong Hwi Kim;Seung-Eun Lee;Gwi Young Jang;Yun-Jeong Ji;Ji Yeon Lee
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.175-184
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    • 2022
  • The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Coreopsis lanceolate extract against hydrogen-peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage and cell death in pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbebzothiazoloine-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities, as well as the expression levels of proteins associated with oxidative damage and cell death were investigated. According to the results, C. lanceolate extract exhibited inhibitory activity against intracellular ROS generation and cell-damaging effects induced by hydroxyl radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 22.3 mg·g-1 gallic acid equivalent and 16.2 mg·g-1 catechin equivalent, respectively. Additionally, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay based on the internal standard method used to detect phenolic compounds. The phenolic compounds identified in C. lanceolata extract contained (+)-catechin hydrate (5.0 ± 0.0 mg·g-1), ferulic acid (1.6 ± 0.0 mg·g-1), chlorogenic acid (1.5 ± 0.0 mg·g-1), caffeic acid (1.2 ± 0.0 mg·g-1), naringin (0.9 ± 0.0 mg·g-1), and p-coumaric acid (0.5 ± 0.0 mg·g-1). C. lanceolata extract attenuated pro-apoptotic Bax expression levels and enhanced the expression levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-9 proteins. Therefore, C. lanceolata is a potential source of materials with neuroprotective properties against neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Effect of Phenolic Compounds Identified from Crop Residues (Wheat.Rye) on the Germination and Growth of Various Weeds (맥류작물(麥類作物)(밀.호밀) 잔여물(殘餘物)로부터 동정(同定)된 Phenolic Compounds 가 잡초(雜草)의 발아(發芽) 및 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Kwon, Soon-Tae;Kim, Kil-Ung
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.121-130
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    • 1985
  • The phenolic compounds identified from rye and wheat residues seemed to be p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, ferulic, salicylic and syringic acids. Total phenol content of rye and wheat straw determined at heading stage was 0.1803% and 0.1702%, respectively. Total phenol content in straw was higher than that of root at all growth stages. The germination and growth of plants, such as Oryza sativa, Echinochloa creugalli, Cyperus serotinus, Portulaca oleacea, Amaranthus retroflexus, Digitaria saguinalis, and C. album were inhibited by treatments of authentic phenolic compounds as the concentrations increased. However, at the early stage, the germination and shoot growth of P. distinctus were markedly stimulated by them, and then the further growth of shoot and root was markedly inhibited by the prolonged treatment of phenolic compounds. The aqueous extracts from rye and wheat straw completely inhibited the germination of A. retroflexus and C. album at a high concentrations. The content of starch and protein in bulbs of P. distinctus was lower in the p-hydroxybenzoic acid treated plot, at $10^{-2}M$, than the untreated control.

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Effects of Major Phenolic Acids Identified from Barley Residues on the Germination of Paddy Weeds (보리 잔여물(殘餘物)속에 함유(含有)된 주요(主要) Phenolic Acids가 논 잡초(雜草) 발아(發芽)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Kwak, S.S.;Kim, K.U.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.39-51
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    • 1984
  • Effects of major phenolic acids identified from barley residues (straw, root) on the germination of rice and 3 paddy weeds such as Echinochloa crusgalli, Cyperus serotinus, and Potamogeton distintus were evaluated to obtain the basic informations on the development of naturally occurring herbicides. The predominant phenolic compounds extracted from barley residues in both straw and root were identified as p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, ferulic, vanillic, and salicylic acids by means of paper chromatography. Total phenol content of barley straw and root at the harvesting stage was 0.169% and 0.127% per dry weight, respectively. During the decomposing process, total phenol content slightly increased and then decreased. The germination of test plants was inhibited by treatments of 4 major authentic phenolic acids identified, most significantly on rice, and less on E. crusgalli, and C. serotinus. P. distintus, however, was markedly stimulated by them as the concentration increased, and then sprouted buds of pondweeds were changed to dark brownish color, resulting in the death as the treatment prolonged. The greater inhibitory effect appeared on shoot growth rather than germination. The aqueous extracts of barley residues showed the similar inhibitory effect on the germination and shoot growth of rice and three paddy weeds as the treatments of 4 authentic phenolic acids.

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