• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1342-1348
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• 2007

POU1F1 is a positive regulator for GH, PRL and TSH${\beta}$ and its mutations associate with production traits in ruminant animals. We described a DdeI PCR-RFLP method for detecting a silent allele in the goat POU1F1 gene: TCT (241Ser)>TCG (241Ser). Frequencies of $D_1$ allele varied from 0.600 to 1.000 in Chinese 801 goats. Significant associations of DdeI polymorphism with production traits were found in milk yield (*p<0.05), litter size (*p<0.05) and one-year-old weight (*p<0.05) between different genotypes. Individuals with genotype $D_1D_1$ had a superior performances when compared to those with genotype $D_1D_2$ (*p<0.05). Hence, the POU1F1 gene was suggested to the potential candidate gene for superior milk performance, reproduction trait and weight trait. Genotype $D_1D_1$, characterized by a DdeI PCR-RFLP detection, was recommended to geneticists and breeders as a molecular marker for better performance in the goat industry.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 2001

Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are halogenated aromatic compounds with the empirical formula $C_{12}$ $H_{10-n}$C $l_{n}$(n=1~10), and are a mixture of possible 209 different chlorinated congeners. PCBs were widely used as dielectric fluids for capacitors and transformers, plasticizers, lubricant inks and paint addirives. Once released into the environment, PCBs persist for years because they are so resistant to degradation. In addition to their persistence in the environment, PCBs in ecological food chains undergo biomagnification because of their high degree of lipophilicity. In 1970s, the worldwide production of PCBs was ceased and the import of PCBs was prohibited since 1983 in Korea. In spite of these actions, many PCBs seems to be still in use. The environmental load of PCBs will continue to be recycled through air, land, water, and the biosphere for decades to come. This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of PCBs in the serum samples of 112 women by GC/MSD and GC/ECD. The main results of this study were as follows. 1. PCBs were detected in all samples. The mean $\pm$SD levels of PCBs in the serum were 3.613$\pm$0.759 ppb, and median were 3.828 ppb. 2. The correlation coefficients of the concentrations of 13 PCB congeners were from minimum, 0.7913 to maximum, 0.9985, and all was significant(p=0.0001). The correlation coefficient between the concentrations of PCBs and p,p'-DDE was 0.9641(p=0.0001). 3. There was a positive association between age and PCBs' concentrations (simple linear regression ; $R^2$=0.86, $\beta$=0.08023, p<0.001). 4. There was a positive association between total lipids in the serum and PCBs' concentrations (simple linear regression ; $R^2$=0.7058, $\beta$=0.00486, p<0.001). 5. For possible predictors of PCBs and p,p' -DDE levels in the serum, age adjusted model (Y=$\beta$$_{0}$+$\beta$$_1$age+ $B_2$X) was applied. For BMI, major residential area, wether to eat caught fish by angling, where to eat caught fish by angling(by parents in the past), fish consumption, meat consumption, meat consumption, and dairy consumption, there was no association. For total conception frequency and lactation frequency and lactation period, there was negative association.ion.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 2005

To obtain the residual organochlorine pesticides in the ginseng, the methods of multi-analysis for BHC's isomer, DDT's isomer and other organochlorine pesticides by GC-ECD are surveyed. The relative retention time for $\alpha-BHC,\;\beta-BHC,\;\delta-BHC\;and\;\gamma-BHC$ is 1.000, 1.025, 1.034 and 1.056, respectively. The relative retention time for o,p-DDE, p,p-DDE, o,o-DDD, o,p-DDT, o,p-DDD, and p,p-DDT is 1.199, 1.230, 1.242, 1.286, 1.329 and 1.333, respectively. The BHC isomers, DDT's isomer and other organochlorine pesticides are separated with multianalysis condition. The qualified defection concentration for $\alpha-BHC$, Quintozene, Aldrin, Captan, $\alpha-Endosulfan$, and Dieldrin is 0.95ng/g, 0.27ng/g, 1.04ng/g, 0.63ng/g, 0.55ng/g and 0.62ng/g, respectively. The qualified defection concentration for Fenhexamid, Endrin, $\beta-Endosulfan$, o,p-DDT, Endosulfan-sulfate is 5.71ng/g, 0.61ng/g, 0.48ng/g, 0.44ng/g and 0.51ng/g, respectively. BHC, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin and DDT, which were Korea Food & Drug Administration advisory pesticides, are not detected in soil environment. Also it's residual organochlorine pesticides are not polluted in the ginseng on Sangju Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.101-102
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• 2004

유기염소계 농약류 14종을 분석한 결과 황소개구리의 경우 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 붕어의 경우 11종의 분석대상물질이 검출되지 않았고, heptachlor epoxide B, trans-nonachlor, p,p´-DDE가 각각 3개 지점, 7개 지점, 5개 지점에서 검출되었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2003

A gas chromatography/mass spectrometric assay method was developed for the simultaneous determination of neutral and bacis twenty-five disruptors $(ED_S)$ in frog and fish. Afther homogenization and sonication of 5 g of sample, purification was achieves in one step with a solid phase extraction procedure using silica gelflorisl. Eluton was performed with 50mL of acetone : n-hexane (1 : 9) solution. The eluate was concentrated to approximately 10uL and dissolves with 100 uL of hexane and analyzed by GC-MS (SIM). The peaks had good chromatographic properties and the extraction of these compounds from sample also gave relatively high recoveries with small variatoins. Detection limits were 0.1 ng/g for 4-nitrotoluene, benzophenone, hexachlorobenzene, atrazine, malathion, o,p-DDT, o,p-DDT and permethrin, and 0.2 ng/g for heptachlor epoxide, γ-chlordane, α-chlordane, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, and 0.3 ng/g for trifluralin, metribuzin, alachlor, dieldrin and p,p'-DDT, and 0.5 ng/g for heptachlor, aldrin and parathion, and 0.7 ng/g for endrin, and 0.8 ng/g for nitrofen. The recoveries were between 33 and 109%. The method was used to analyze twenty-five frogs and forty-six fishes fishes samples caught from various regions in Korea. Benzophenone was detected at concentration of up to 17.2 ng/g in frog or fish. Heptachlor, aldrin, γ-chlordane, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, endrin and o,p-DDD were detected at concentrations of 0.7-12.5 ng/g in frog or fish. Also significant leveles of dieldrin (up to 22.5 ng/g) were observed. The developed method may be valuable to be used to the national monitoring project of EDS in biota samples.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.290.3-291
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• 2003

To increase detection sensitivity for multi-DDT residues (o,p-/p,p-DDT, o,p-/p,p-DDE, o,o-/o,p-DDD) analysis, a highly selective sample clean-up method was introduced prior to GC/MS analysis using immunoaffinity column. The immunoaffinity matrix was prepared by coupling IgG fraction of DDT antiserum to cyanogens bromide activated Sepharose 4B. Three DDT antisera (DDA-1, DDHP-2, DDCP-3) were test for affinity column ligand that obtained by imunizing respective DDT immunogen to rabbits, and IgG was purified using protein A affinity purification. (omitted)

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.201-211
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• 2008

This study was performed to find the atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at four different heights (l0, 50, 150 and 1,500 cm) using low volume polyurethane foam (PUF) plug air sampler in semi-rural area. ${\alpha}-/{\beta}-/{\gamma}-HCH$ with low molecular weights and Koa (octanol-air partitioning coefficient) in OCPs were similarly high concentrations at all heights, but the other OCPs (p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, Heptachlor epoxide, ${\gamma}$-CHL, ${\alpha}$-CHL, Trans-nonachlor) with high molecular weights and Koa decreased with increasing heights. However, the concentrations of PCBs increased with increasing height.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.332-339
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• 2012

Horizontal distributions and their ecotoxicological implications relating to organochlorine compounds (OCs) were determined in surface sediments sampled from the West Nakdong River. The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in surface sediments were in the range of 0.57-3.68, 0.41-8.35, 0.63-1.65, and n.d.-0.56 ng/g, respectively. DDTs represent the major OC in the West Nakdong River. Concentrations of PCBs and DDTs correlate with the total organic carbon (PCBs: r=0.874, p<0.001, and DDTs: r=0.762, p<0.05, respectively), indicating that organic content in the sediments is one of the major factors for influencing horizontal distribution of the organochlorine compounds in this river. Examining the potential poisonous character of the surface sediments to benthic organisms according to the sediment quality guideline (SQG), set out by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), we found that the concentrations of total PCBs, p,p'-DDD, and ${\gamma}$-HCH were lower than the effects range-low (ER-L) and the probable effects level (PEL). As a result, it is considered that the effect of organochlorines in the region considered on benthic organisms is very low from the perspective of environmental toxicology. However, in terms of the Canadian SQC, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, and total DDTs, respectively, exceeded the interim sediment quality guidelines (ISQG) and the threshold effect level (TEL) in 30%, 17%, and 19%, respectively, of the sediment samples analyzed.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2008

An attempt was made in the Veeranam freshwater lake with the objectives to collect, identify, describe and document the algae occurring from March 2007 to August 2007. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of phytoplankton and analysis of physico-chemical parameters of water samples were carried out at monthly intervals during the study period in the western and eastern sides of the lake. It was found that the phytoplankton community embraced 68 genera belonging to four classes viz., Bacillariophyceae (40), Chlorophyceae (22), Cynophyceae (4) and Euglenophyceae (2). There were significant influences of various physico-chemical parameters on the phytoplankton population density. Commonly occurred genera, Oscillatoria (Cyanophyceae), Navicula (Bacillariophyceae) and Scenedesmus (Chlorophyceae), were subjected to energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis (EDS). They were found to accumulate different elements such as Zn, P, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, N, Si, Cl and Mn. Among these the member Cyanophyceae contained Zn, P, Mg, Ca, Mn, S and N. Bacillariophyceae Si, Zn, Mg, Cl, N, Fe, and Ca. Chlorophyceae Ca, Mg, N, Fe, Cl, Zn, Si and Mn. Thus these observations would determine the chemical dialogue between the cell structures and role of the elements. Further, it gives the clue about the phytoplankton growth requirements.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1066-1072
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• 1999

The present study was carried out to investigate the blood markers of Cheju horses. The red cell types (blood groups) were tested from 73 Cheju native horses and 118 Cheju racehorses by serological procedures with 23 reagents. The blood group phenotypes observed with high frequency were Pb(34.3%), Qc(56.2%), Qb(15.1%) and genotypes Dbcm/dghm(12.3%), Dde/dghm(9.6%), Dad/bcm(6.8%), Dcgm/de(6.8%) in Cheju native horses, while Aa(63.6%), Pa(44.9%), P-(28.8%), Qabc(36.4%), Dbcm/cgm(14.4%), Dbcm/bcm(10.2%), Dbcm/de(7.6%), Dbcm/dghm(5.1%), Dde/dk(5.1%) in Cheju racehorses. Alleles observed with high frequency were Ab(0.128), Ac(0.169), Dad(0.103), Dadn(0.075), Ddghm(0.226), Pb(0.316), Qc(0.494) in Cheju native horses and Aa(0.529), Dbcm(0.306), P-(0.531), Qabc(0.197), Q-(0.504) in Cheju racehorses. No specific variation of blood groups and allele frequencies of C,K,U system were observed in Cheju native horses and Cheju racehorses. The mean heterozygosity in Cheju native horses and Cheju racehorses was observed 0.5344 and 0.5102, respectively.