• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.329-330
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• 2005

Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films have been fabricated by sputter deposition method. During the deposition, 10 and 90 wt%-ozone/oxygen mixture gas of typical pressure of $1\sim9\times10^{-5}$ Torr are supplied with ultraviolet light irradiation for oxidation. XRD and RHEED investigations reveal out that a buffer layer with some different compositions is formed at the early deposition stage of less than 10 units cell and then Bi-2201 oriented along the c-axis is grown.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.417-422
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• 2009

The problems associated with the synthesis, characterization and application of $SnO_2$-Au nanocomposites for the optimization of conductometric gas sensors have been discussed in this report. Nanocomposites have been synthesized on the surface of $SnO_2$ films using successive ionic layer deposition(SILD) method. It has been shown that the proposed approach to surface modification of metal oxide films is an excellent method for the optimization of the operating characteristics of $SnO_2$-based gas sensors, being developed for the detection of reducing gases as well as ozone.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.756-761
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• 2004

Since the use of CFC and HCFC refrigerants are to be restricted due to the depletion of ozone layer, this experiment applies the NH$_3$ gas to study the performance characteristics from the superheat control for improving the energy efficiency. The experiments are carried out for the condensing pressure of refrigeration system from 14.5 bar to 16.0 bar by 0.5 bar and for superheat temperature from $0^{\circ}C$ to 1$0^{\circ}C$ by 1$^{\circ}C$ at each condensing pressure. As a result of experiment, when the superheat temperature is 1$^{\circ}C$ at each condensing pressure, the refrigeration system has the highest performance.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1334-1339
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• 2004

Nowadays CFCs and HCFCs refrigerants are restricted because it cause depletion of ozone layer. Accordingly, this experiment apply the $NH_3$ gas and not CFCs and HCFCs for refrigerant to study the performance characteristic from the superheat control and improve the energy efficiency from the high performance. The condensing pressure of refrigeration system is increased from 14.5bar to 16bar by 0.5bar and superheat temperature is increased from $0^{\circ}C$ to $10^{\circ}C$ by $1^{\circ}C$ at each condensing pressure. As the result of experiment, when the superheat temperature is $1^{\circ}C$ at each condensing pressure, the refrigeration system has the high performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.60-65
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• 2005

Nowadays HCFCs refrigerant are restricted because it cause depletion of ozone layer. However, natural gases such as ammonia as an organic compound, propane and propylene as hydrocarbon are easy and cheap to obtain as well as environmental. Accordingly, this experiment apply the $NH_3$ and R22 to study the performance characteristic from the superheat control and compare the energy efficiency of two refrigerants from the high performance. The condensing pressure of refrigeration system is increased from 15bar to 16bar and degree of superheat is increased from 0 to $10^{\circ}C$ at each condensing pressure. As the result of experiment, when comparing the each COP, we knew the $NH_3$ is suitable as the alternative refrigerant of the R22.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1992.09a
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• pp.97-114
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• 1992

In these days sun products are developed and produced by the cosmetic scientists in the world. Peoples need strongly to protect themselves from the hazardous UV rays dued to the destruction of ozone layer. Therfore, we, cosmetic scientists must have an effort to produce the more effective goods. In this article the market survey of sun-products as well as the currency of sunscreen agents was investigated. It was found that Benzophenone - 3 and Ocytyl methoxy cinnamate were widely used. The lotions, using Benzophenone - 3 as the chemical agents, and TiO$_2$and micro TiO$_2$ as the physical agents, were measured the UV-Spectrum in the Dilution and Application method. Photoprotective activity of chemical agents can usually be measured in solution state. However, that of the insoluble physical agents such as TiO$_2$is hardly measured in this state. Photoprotective ability of the insoluble physical agents was able to be measured by application of lotions to the surface of UV cells. It was found by this method that micro TiO$_2$showd stronger UV scattering effect than TiO$_2$in this method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.116-116
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• 2003

2-Bromopropane (2-BP), a halogenated propane analogue, is a substitute for chlorofluorocarbones (CFCs) which have a great potential to destroy the ozone layer and to warm the earth's environment. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential adverse effects of 2-BP on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development after maternal exposure during the gestational days (GO) 6 through 17 in ICR mice.(omitted)

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.37-40
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• 2002

Astronauts are constantly exposed to space radiation at a low-dose rate during long-tenn stays in space. Therefore, it is important to determine correctly the biological effects of space radiation on human health. Space radiations contain various kinds of different energy particles, especially high linear energy transfer (LET) particles. Therefore, we have to study the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of space radiation under microgravity environment which may change RBE from a stress for cells. Furthermore, the research about space radiation might give us useful information about birth and evolution of life on the earth. We also can realize the importance of preventing the ozone layer from depletion by use of exposure equipment to sunlight at International Space Station (ISS).

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.564-572
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• 1997

Following the ratification of Vienna Convention for Ozone Layer Protection and Montreal Protocol, Indonesia will implement the phasing-out of to halon at end 1996. Questions are increasing especially from the users where halon has used for many years as the most effective fire extinguishing agent, concerning halon substitutes, alternative systems as well as the handling and utilization of the existing halon. Halon can still be used for critical and essential uses, however, such usage has been gradually eliminated, due to the emergence of halon-like replacement. A concept of halon banking system is proposed to considered, taking into account several aspects such as enforced regulation, institutional involvement technology as well as financing. This paper gives a general overview regarding phase-out implementation, alternative extinguishing systems and concept on halon banking system with special reference to Indonesian case.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1994

A new test system was established to measure the flame extinguishing concentration of Halon alternatives. The main characteristic of this system is to use the solid paraffin with a wick instead of liquid fuel, such as n-Heptane. Our results showed that the extinguishing concentration of compounds was lower than that of other existing data, but the trend was consistent with others. The flame extinguishing concentration of all tested compounds were not almost effected by gas flow velocity. The system produces good reliable data with a minimum error for measuring the flame extinguishing concentration. Therefore our new system can be utilized as a standard equipment to evaluate Halon alternatives.