• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.39-41
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• 2021

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder of hyperphagia leading to severe obesity, intellectual deficits, compulsivity, and other behavioral problems. PWS is caused by the inactivation of contiguous genes on chromosome 15q11-q13, which complicates the development of targeted, effective therapeutics. Various preclinical studies have been conducted by developing mouse models that exhibit phenotypes similar to PWS. Oxytocin deficiency in PWS is associated with hyperphagia with impaired satiety and, food-seeking and behavior disorders. Here, we summarize the oxytocin study of ingestion behavior tested in the PWS mouse model and published data from clinical trials that have evaluated treatment effectiveness on ingestion behavior and social dysfunction in patients with PWS.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1982

The effect of acetylcholine, oxytocin and prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ ($PGF_{2{\alpha}}$) on cyclic nucleotide levels in estrogen-primed rabbit whole uterus were studied in the presence and absence of 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine (MIX), a phosphodiestrase inhibitor, and indomethacin, a prostagandin inhibitor. In the absence of MIX, acetylcholine increased guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), but had no effect on adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels. In contrast, oxytocin had no influence on cGMP, but decreased cAMP levels. $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ increased cGMP and decreased cAMP levels. MIX increased both cAMP and cGMP levels. Oxytocin and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ further increased cGMP levels, indicating activation of guanylate cyclase activity. The ratio of cAMP/cGMP was decreased by uterine stinulants both in presence and absence of MIX. Indomethacin elevated cAMP and cGMP revels. The effects of uterine stimulants in the presence of indomethacin on cyclic nucleotide levels were varied from tissue to tisse. In general, oxytocin decreased cGMP and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ increased cAMP/cGMP levels, but the effects were statisically nonsignicficant. The cAMP/cGMP ratio was increased by uterine stimulant in the presence of indomethacin. In conclusion, uterine stimulants eased cAMP/cGMP ratio which indicates that the uterine stimulants have opposing effects on adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase activities. The endometrium plays a role in the regulation of cyclic nucleotide levels and uterine contraction by means of PG synthesis. Indomethacin has an unknown activities besides both of PG synthetase and phosphodiesterase inhibitions.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2016

Objective: Uterine contraction induced by the embryo transfer (ET) process has an adverse effect on embryo implantation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oxytocin antagonist supplementation on the day of ET on in vitro fertilization outcomes via a meta-analysis. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Four online databases (Embase, Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane Library) were searched through May 2015 for RCTs that investigated oxytocin antagonist supplementation on the day of ET. Studies were selected according to predefined inclusion criteria and meta-analyzed using RevMan 5.3. Only RCTs were included in this study. The main outcome measures were the clinical pregnancy rate, the implantation rate, and the miscarriage rate. Results: A total of 123 studies were reviewed and assessed for eligibility. Three RCTs, which included 1,020 patients, met the selection criteria. The implantation rate was significantly better in patients who underwent oxytocin antagonist infusion (19.8%) than in the control group (11.3%) (n = 681; odds ratio [OR], 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-2.96). No significant difference was found between the two groups in the clinical pregnancy rate (n = 1,020; OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.92-2.67) or the miscarriage rate (n = 456; OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.44-1.33). Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis of the currently available literature suggest that the administration of an oxytocin antagonist on the day of ET improves the implantation rate but not the clinical pregnancy rate or miscarriage rate. Additional, large-scale, prospective, randomized studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.415-421
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• 2018

Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in social skills and communication with repetitive behaviors. Etiology is still unclear although it is thought to develop with interaction of genes and environmental factors. Oxytocin has extensive effects on intrauterine brain development. Vitamin D, affects neural development and differentiation and contributes to the regulation of around 900 genes including oxytocin receptor gene. In the present study, the contribution of D vitamin receptor and oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms in the development of ASD in Turkish community was investigated. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining these two associated genes together in the literature. Methods: Eighty-five patients diagnosed with ASD according to DSM-5 who were referred to outpatient clinics of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of Başkent University and Mersin University and 52 healthy, age and gender-matched controls were included in the present study. Vitamin D receptor gene rs731236 (Taq1), rs2228570 (Fok1), rs1544410 (Bsm1), rs7975232 (Apa1) polymorphisms and oxytocin receptor gene rs1042778 and rs2268493 polymorphisms were investigated using real time polymerase chain reaction method. Results: No significant difference between groups in terms of distribution of genotype and alleles in each of polymorphisms for these genes could be found. Conclusion: Knowledge of genes and polymorphisms associated with the development of ASD may be beneficial for early diagnosis and future treatment. Further studies with larger populations are required to demonstrate molecular pathways which may play part in the development of ASD in Turkey.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2010

포유동물의 난소는 호르몬과 감각신경 및 교감신경의 지배를 받아 난소 내 혈류의 조절, 스테로이드 호르몬 생성 및 난포의 발달과 관계된 난소의 고유기능이 조절되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 통상적인 추적자인 CT-HRP와 Pseudorabies바이러스(PRV)의 Bartha strain을 신경추적자로 이용하여 뇌하수체 후엽 및 난소와 연결된 중추신경부위를 밝히고자 하였다. 또 oxytocin을 난소 지배 신경축속에서 동정함으로써 신경축내 oxytocinergic neuron들의 존재를 확인하고, 이들이 배란을 중심으로 한 난소생식주기에 따라 보이는 중추 내 oxytocin신경세포의 변화를 조사하고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐를 대상으로 난소 내에 PRV를 주사하고 48시간 후 실험동물들은 4% paraformaldehyde-lysine periodae로 고정하였으며, 뇌를 적출하여 $30{\mu}m$ 두께의 관상연속 절편을 만들어 CTHRP, PRV 및 oxytocin에 대한 삼중염색을 시행하였다. 본 실험 결과 후뇌에서부터 전뇌에 이르기까지 PRV에 양성반응을 보인 신경핵들이 관찰되어 난소를 지배하는 신경축을 구성할 수 있었다. 또 시상하부의 뇌실옆핵에서 oxytocin, PRV와 CT-HRP에 삼중으로 염색된 세포가 관찰됨으로써 신경내분비축과 자율신경축이 공동으로 기원하고 있다는 것을 형태학적으로 보여주었다. 따라서 oxytocin은 이 두 계통 내에서 호르몬의 역할과 신경전달물질의 역할을 겸할 것이라는 것을 추측할 수 있었다.

• 셀메드
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.8
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• 2020

Uterotonics have the ability to contract uterus. Such plants might be useful in augmenting or inducing labour, expelling retained afterbirth and for abortifacient purposes. Limitations associated with conventional treatments have made herbal medicines a feasible alternative for the management of these conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contractile effects of Uvariodendron kirkii extracts on isolated uterine strips of female Wistar rats. Isolated strips of Wistar rats' uteri were treated with 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/ml concentrations of Uvariodendron kirkii aqueous extract. The plant extract was also tested against prostaglandin and oxytocin induced uterine contractions. Uvariodendron kirkii extract concentrations (20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/ml) increased the frequency of uterine contraction (16.53, 25.12, 33.48 and 56.39 percentages respectively) compared to the control. The graded extract concentrations caused a significant increase in amplitude (force) of uterine contractions by 2.87, 9.22, 16.37 and 24.32 percentages respectively. The concentrations significantly increased the frequency of oxytocin induced uterine contractions by 6.92; 28.31; 47.06, 58.78 percentages respectively. The graded extract concentrations also significantly increased the amplitude of oxytocin induced uterine contractions by 6.07; 9.40; 15.19 and 23.56 percentages respectively. Uvariodendron kirkii extract concentrations significantly increased the frequency and amplitude of prostaglandin induced contractions. The percentage increase in frequency was 11.44, 8.92, 20.65 and 35.71 at 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/ml respectively. The mean amplitude of prostaglandin induced uterine contractions also increased (4.75, 3.89, 8.29 and 15.91% at 20. 40, 80 and 160 mg/ml respectively). The extract caused a dose dependent increase in uterine frequency and amplitude of contraction. The findings of thisstudy are useful in generating a novel uterotonic agent that will be useful in augmenting labour or in expelling retained after birth in cattle. More studies at molecular level will further elucidate the plant mechanism of action.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.449-454
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• 2017

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the welfare of farm animals, which have been evaluated using behavioral and physiological measures. However, so far, the measures have almost always been used to estimate poor welfare. In this review, firstly we focus on how oxytocin (OT) relates to positive social behavior, pleasure, and stress tolerance, and second on which management factors stimulate OT release. OT induces maternal and affiliative behaviors and has an anti-stress effect. Further, OT is produced during enjoyable events, and has positive feedback on its own release as well. Therefore, to some extent, the relationship of OT to positive normal behavior was mutually beneficial-heightened OT concentration owing to comfortable rearing conditions induces positive social behavior, which in turn may increase OT concentration. Hence, studies on animal welfare should pay more attention to increasing comfort and the stress tolerance, rather than only focusing on when stress occurs in farm animals.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.391-395
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• 2000

To establish the usefulness of oxytocin (OT) as an analgesic for women in delivery, the pharmacokinetic parameters and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of [$^3H$] OT were obtained using an intravenous injection technique or the internal carotid artery perfusion/capillary depletion (ICAP/CDM) method. Brain uptake of OT was similar to that of sucrose, plasma space marker, indicating that OT has a poor BBB permeability. Moreover, the analgesic effects of OT injected through the jugular vein on nociception were evaluated by the tail-flick method. The antinociceptive effects of OT injected at a dose of 0.2 ${m}g/kg$or 2 ${m}g/kg$ were dose-dependent. In addition, the analgesic effects of OT on the CNS were unaffected by naloxone, a m-receptor antagonist. In a similar manner to the opioid system, OT may play a modulatory role in antinociception.

• 생약학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 1979

The methanolic extracts of fifty medicinal plants were screened for anticholinergic and oxytocic activity in rat's ileum or uterus. In addition, their effect on the ileum and antagonism against oxytocin in the uterus were tested.

• 생약학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.99-101
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• 1982

The methanolic extracts of thirty-one medicinal plants were screened for anticholinergic and oxytocic activity in rat's ileum and uterus, respectively. In addition, their effects on the ileum and antagonism against oxytocin in the uterus were observed.