• Applied Microscopy
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.99-118
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• 1989

The cardiotoxic effects of acute and chronic administration of adriamycin (ADR) were evaluated in A/J Swiss albino mice. In acute studies, male mice received intravenous ADR, 5mg or 15mg/kg per day for 3 or 1day and were sacrifice 12 hours later. Because the glutathione-glutathione peroxidase system is major pathway for free radical detoxication, glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase activity was measured. In acute studies, ADR-treated mice exhibited significantly decreased levels(p<0.05) of total glutathione and unchanged levels of oxidized glutathione and percentage of oxidized glutathione. The earliest myocardial fine structural alterations included swelling and degeneration of mitochondria and dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum at all dosage of acute models. In chronic studies, mice received 5mg/kg ADR once a week for up to 16 weeks. Levels of total and reduced glutathione were decreased significantly(p<0.01) and oxidized glutathione and percentage of oxidized glutathione were increased significantly (p<0.05). Chronic myocardial lesions included perinuclear vacuolization, seperation of myofibrils and the fasciae adherens of intercalated disc and hypercontraction band within myocyte. Glutathione peroxidase activity reduced significantly (p<0.01) in any group of acute and chronic ADR-treated animals. Test for lipid peroxidation(malondialdehyde) was increased significantly(P<0.01). Thus, we conclude 1) ADR significantly lowers glutathione levels in heart tissue, and 2) cellular damage progress produced by alteration of this system in mouse models of ADR cardiotoxicity. These results suggest that the glutathione-glutathione peroxidase system may be involved in the modulation of ADR-induced cardiotoxicity.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2000

Liver isolated from 18 hours fasted rats was subjected to $N_2$hypoxia (for 45 min) followed by reoxygenation (for 30 min). The perfusion medium used was Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4, $37^{\circ}C$). Vitamin C (0.5 mM) and trolox C (0.5 mM), soluble vitamin E analog, were added to perfusate. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total glutathione, oxidized glutathione, lipid peroxide and drug-metabolizing enzymes were measured. After hypoxia LDH significantly increased but this increase was attenuated by vitamin C and combination of vitamin C and E. Total glutathione and oxidized glutathione in perfusate markedly increased during hypoxia and this increase was inhibited by vitamins C, E and its combination. Similarly; oxidized glutathione and lipid peroxide in liver tissue increased after hypoxia and reoxygenation and this increase was inhibited by vitamin I and combination of vitamin C and E. Hepatic drug metabolizing function (phase I, II) were suppressed during hypoxia but improved during reoxygenation. While vitamins C and E only increased glucuronidation, the combination of vitamin C and E increased the oxidation, glucuronidation and sulfation. Our findings suggest that vitamins C and E synergistically ameliorates hepatocellular damage as indicated by abnormalities in drug metabolizing function during hypoxia/reoxygenation and that this protection is in major part, caused by decreased oxidative stress.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.502-506
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• 2000

Effects of powdered siho(bupleuri radix) on serum and liver lipid composition and antioxidative capacity were investigated in rat fed high oxidized fat. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 161.25$\pm$2.51g were blocked into four groups according to body weight and raised seven weeks with basal diet(normal group), basal diet and 10% oxidized fat(control group), basal diet, 10% oxidized fat and 2% powdered siho(2% powdered siho group) and basal diet, 10% oxidized fat and 3% powdered siho(3% powdered siho group). Feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency were not significantly different among oxidized fat diet groups. The values of total cholesterol and triglyceride in plasma and liver showed no significantly different(p>0.05) in the oxidized fat diet groups. Plasma HDL-cholesterol showed atendency to increase in powdered siho diet groups. The values of thiobarbituric acid in plasma and liver were lower in the powdered siho diet groups than control group. Plasma GOT and GPT activity showed a tendence to decrease in powdered siho groups. Liver glutathione peroxidase activity showed a tendence to increase in powdered siho diet groups. Thus, it seems that powdered siho had some antioxidative elements.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.626-633
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• 2003

백서에 bromate의 장기간 섭취로 간 및 신장의 glutathion량이 감소되는데, 간과 신장은 유사한 감소양상을 나타냈고, 폐 및 혈액에서는 감소하는 경향은 있었으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. Bromate 섭취로$\gamma-glutamyl$-cysteine synthetase와 $\gamma-glutamyl$ transpeptidase 활성이 감소되었다. 따라서 간과 신장의 glutathione 감소로 $\gamma-glutamyl$cysteine synthetase 활성이 감소됨으로서 glutathione 합성저하에 의해 나타난 결과로 생각되고, 폐에서 $\gamma-glutamyl$cysteine synthetase 및 $\gamma-glutamyl$- transpep-tidase 활성에는 별다른 영향이 없었다. 혈액에서는$\gamma-glutamyl$cysteine synthetase와 $\gamma-glutamyl$ transpeptidase 활성 감소로 glutathione의 혈액내로 유입과 타장기로 유출이 모두 저하되어 glutathione량의 변화가 없는 것으로 생각된다. Bromate에 의한 장기내 glutathione량 감소는 유리기 소거기능이 저하되어 bromate에 의해서 생성된 유리기 제거가 미흡할 것으로 생각되므로 bromate 독성의 한 요인이 될 것으로 추측된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.488-494
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• 2014

Twenty-eight Brangus cattle were used to determine the effect of copper and selenium supplementation on performance, feed efficiency, composition of fatty acids in Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle, and cholesterol concentration in serum and in LD muscle and enzymes activities, reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The treatments were: i) Control, without copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) supplementation; ii) Se, 2 mg Se/kg of dry matter such as sodium selenite; iii) Cu, 40 mg Cu/kg of dry matter such as copper sulfate; iv) Se/Cu, 2 mg Se/kg of dry matter such as sodium selenite and 40 mg Cu/kg of dry matter such as copper sulfate. LD muscle fatty acid composition was not influenced by the treatments (p>0.05). The serum concentration of cholesterol was not influenced by the treatments (p>0.05), however, the concentration of cholesterol in LD was lower in cattle supplemented with copper and selenium (p<0.05). Oxidized glutathione and reduced glutathione increased (p<0.05) with Cu, Se and Se/Cu supplementation. The supplementation of copper (40 mg/kg DM) and selenium (2 mg/kg DM) altered the metabolism of lipids in confined Brangus cattle, through a decrease in cholesterol deposition in the LD, possibly by changing the ratio between reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione. Copper and selenium supplementation improved animal performance and feed efficiency (p<0.05) when compared to the control group, providing advantages in the production system, while also benefiting consumers by reducing cholesterol concentration in the meat.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2002년도 제9회 학술 발표회 프로그램과 논문초록
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• pp.48-48
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• 2002

Glutathione (GSH) is most prevalent reducing thiols in eukaryotic cells and known that participates in many cellular processes. It was found that total amount of glutathione and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione during development of Dictyostelium discoideum increase at the initial stage of the aggregation of amoeba.(omitted)

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was purposed to the anti-oxidative effects of Polygonati Multiflori Caulis(henceforth PMC) on oxidized brain and liver cells in rats. Methods : After extraction of PMC with water, the water extract was divided into five fractions : hexane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butanol and an aqueous fraction. The phenol contents of each fraction were measured. The lipid peroxidation inhibition effect were then investigated. Results : After processing PCM water and PCM fractionations on oxidized brain cells in rats, the SOD (super oxide dismutase) activity and glutathione content were increased, and the NO (nitric oxide) content was decreased. It had much higher SOD activity than liver cells in rats excluded in the n-BuOH and aqueous fractions. In case of oxidized liver cells in rats, the SOD activity and glutathione content increased, while both the NO content and the MDA (malondialdehyde) content decreased. It had much higher glutathione content than brain cells in rats in the every fractions. It had much lower MDA content than brain cells in rats in the Aqueous fractions and brain cells in rats had much lower MDA content than liver cells in rats in the total extract, n-hexane, EtOEt, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions. Conclusions : PMC has anti-oxidative effect on oxidized liver cells and brain cells in rats, through there are differences in fraction. Additionally, Anti-oxidative effect of brain cells can be relaxed the mental nerve and it is related PMC effect.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2000

적변인삼의 원인 물질을 구명코저 인삼뿌리의 적변현상과 항산화 활성과의 상관관계를 조사하기 위하여 적변뿌리와 건전뿌리의 각 부위별 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 적변삼의 표피와 피층조직의 superoxide dismutase(SOD) 활성(units/mg protein)은 각각 126.9와 79.6으로 정상뿌리에 비해 각각 3.5배, 2.0배 높았다. 적변뿌리의 catalase활성은 약 1.6배 높았으나, peroxidase 활성은 오히려 약간 낮았다. 적변뿌리 각 조직의 DPPH 자유라디칼 포착활성은 정상뿌리에 비해 약 2.0배 높았다. 정상뿌리의 ascorbate 함량은 조직에 따라 약간의 차이를 나타내었지만(166~240 $\mu$g/g fr. wt.), 산화형dehydroascorbate(DHA) 함량이 전체 ascorbate 함량의 약 97~79%를 차지하였다. 적변뿌리의 전체 ascorbate함량은 정상뿌리와 비슷하였지만 환원형 ascorbate의 함량은 조직에 따라 다르지만 정상뿌리에 비해 3.5~7.5배 높았다. 적변뿌리의 표피조직, 피층조직, 중심주 조직의 전체 glutathione 함량은 정상조직에 비해 각각 7.3배, 4.8배, 1.2배 높았다. 적변화에 따른 환원형 glutathione(GSH)과 산화형 glutathione(GSSG)의 함량비는 전체 glutathione 함량변화와 비슷하였다. 이상의 결과는 인삼의 적변조직은 어떤 외부스트레스에 의해 과다하게 발생되는 활성산소종을 제거하기 위하여 SOD 활성, 환원형 ascorbate 함량, 환원형 glutathione 함량이 크게 증가하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1681-1689
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• 2011

The beneficial effects of tea catechins (TCs) are related not only to their antioxidant potential but also to the improvement of animal meat quality. In this study, we assessed the effects of dietary TC supplementation on plasma biochemical parameters, hormone responses, and glutathione redox status in goats. Forty Liuyang goats were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 animals/group) that were assigned to four experimental diets with TC supplementation at 4 levels (0, 2,000, 3,000 or 4,000 mg TC/kg DM feed). After a 60-day feeding trial, all goats were slaughtered and sampled. Dietary TC treatment had no significant effect on blood biochemical parameters, however, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.01), plasma urea nitrogen (p<0.01), and glucose (p<0.001) decreased and total protein (p<0.01) and albumin (p<0.05) increased with the feeding time extension, and day 20 was the turning point for most of changes. Interactions were found in glutathione (p<0.001) and the ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (p<0.05) in whole blood between treatment and feeding time. Oxidized glutathione in blood was reduced (p<0.05) by 2,000 mg TC/kg feed supplementation, and a similar result was observed in longissimus dorsi muscle. Though plasma glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01) and glutathione reductase (p<0.05) activities were affected by treatment and feeding time interactions, and glutathione S-transferases activity increased with feeding day extension, no changed values appeared in longissimus dorsi muscle. In conclusion, dietary TC supplementation affected the concentrations of some blood metabolites and accelerated GSH depletion in the blood of goats. In terms of less high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the highest insulin and IGF-I concentrations, the highest ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione in plasma, the dosage of 2,000 mg TC/kg feed might be desirable for growing goats to prevent glutathione depletion and keep normal physiological metabolism.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.471-475
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• 1997

Livers isolated from 18 hours fasted rats were subjected to N$_{2}$ hypoxia (for 45 min) followed by reoxygenation (for 45 min). The perfusion medium used was Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (KHBB, pH 7.4). Lactate and alanine were added as gluconeogenic and ureagenic substrates and Trolox C was also added to perfusate. Oxygen consumption, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine transaminase (ALT), total glutathione, oxidized glutathione, bile flow, glucose and urea were measured. After hypoxia oxygen consumption significantly dropped but Trolox C had no influence on this decrease. ALT and LDH were significantly increased by hypoxia/reoxygenation. This increase was markedly attenuated in the presence of Trolox C. The total glutathione and oxidized glutathione efflux increased following hypoxia, which were prevented by the treatment of Trolox C. Bile flow rate decreased following hypoxia/reoxygenation but did not continue to decrease in the reoxygenation phase by Trolox C. Following hypoxia/reoxygenation glucose and urea releases decreased. Trolox C had no influence on inhibition of glucose and urea production. These results suggest that Trolox C protected the liver cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, yielding further evidence for a causative role of oxidative stress in this model.