• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.285-285
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• 2016

Resistive random access memory devices have been widely studied due to their high performance characteristics, such as high scalability, fast switching, and low power consumption. However, fluctuation in operational parameters remains a critical weakness that leads to device failures. Although the random formation and rupture of conducting filaments (CFs) in an oxide matrix during resistive switching processes have been proposed as the origin of such fluctuations, direct observations of the formation and rupture of CFs at the device scale during resistive switching processes have been limited by the lack of real-time large-area imaging methods. Here, a novel imaging method is proposed for monitoring CF formation and rupture across the whole area of a memory cell during resistive switching. A hybrid structure consisting of a resistive random access memory and a light-emitting diode enables real-time monitoring of CF configuration during various resistive switching processes including forming, semi-forming, stable/unstable set/reset switching, and repetitive set switching over 50 cycles.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.37-40
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• 2009

불소가 도핑된 산화주석(SnO2:F, FTO) 박막은 다결정 전도성 세라믹으로 가시광선 영역에서 투명하기 때문에 태양전지의 전극으로 활용된다. 본 연구에서 FTO는 APCVD법으로 성막되었다. BSG기판을 사용하여 $620^{\circ}C$의 고온에서 공정이 진행되었다. 이렇게 제작된 FTO 박막은 수소, 질소, 대기 분위기에서 여러 열처리 시간을 변수로 실험하여 열처리 전후의 전기적, 광학적, 구조적 변화를 관찰하고 분석하였다. 전기적 특성 분석에는 전기 비저항, 모빌리티 및 캐리어 농도 등의 변화를 알아보았고, 광학적 분석에는 UV-vis spectoscopy로 200nm에서 800nm 파장대역의 투과도를 구하고, Hazemeter를 통하여 총투과율, 평행투과율, 확산투과율 및 Haze를 분석하여 FTO막이 가지고 있는 texturing에 의한 효과를 알아보기 위하여 시편의 열처리 전후를 비교 분석하였다. 구조적 분석은 XRD를 이용하여 pattern을 분석하여 FTO가 가지는 구조변화를 분석하였다. 특히 FTO의 texturing에 기여도가 높은 (200)면의 XRD peak강도가 상승함에 따라 후열처리에 의해 박막의 표면의 변화가 일어남을 확인하였다. FTO의 후열처리에 의한 변화는 전기적으로는 약간의 전기 비저항의 증가를 가져오며, 캐리어 농도의 감소를 가져온다. 캐리어 농도의 감소에 따라 모빌리티의 상승이 관찰되었다. 광학적 특성은 가시광선 영역에서 투과율은 거의 같거나 약간 감소하는 경향을 나타내며, 후열처리 전후에 거의 동일한 투과율을 보이면서도 확산 투과율이 상승하는 분석 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2020

Background: Fermentation of medicinal plants increases their absorption rate and bioavailability in the body. Astragalus membranaceus has been used as a raw material, but research in its use as a food ingredient is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the physicochemical characteristics and anti-inflammatory effect of fermented Astragalus membranaceus. Methods and Results: Astragalus roots were fermented using Aspergillus awamori for 4 days and their extracts prepared using hot water. The pH, total acidity (%), and reducing sugar (%) of the extracts were then investigated. The pH and total acidity decreased during fermentation. After fermentation, the pH and total acidity decreased, whereas the reducing sugar level increased. The active ingredients in fermented Astragalus were calycosin-7-O-ßd-glucoside, ononin, calycosin and formononetin. The calycosin contents was highest in the hot-water extracted samples fermented for 4 days. The other components were similar to those in control. Nitric oxide level was lower in the hot-water extracted samples fermented for 4 days than in lipopolysaccharide control group. The sample fermented for 4 days was confirmed to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Conclusions: Our results showed the physicochemical properties and anti-inflammatory effects of A. membranaceus after fermentation using Aspergillus awamori. These results indicated that fermented Astragalus membranaceus can be used as a functional food.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.3453-3458
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• 2011

The $Mg_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films with the various content ratio ranging from 0 to 0.4 were prepared by sol-gel spincoating method. To investigate the effects of content ratio on the structural and optical properties of the $Mg_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL) were carried out. With increase in the content ratio, the grain size of the $Mg_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films was increased, however, at the content ratio above 0.2, MgO particles with cubic structure were formed on the surface of the $Mg_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films, indicating that the Mg content exceeded its solubility limit in the thin films. The residual stress of the $Mg_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films is increased with increase in the Mg mole fraction. In the PL investigations, the bandgap and the activation energy of the $Mg_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films was increased with the Mg mole fraction.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.268-273
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• 2016

In this study, we observed current-voltage characteristics of the MIM (metal-insulator-metal) structure. The $WO_x$ material was used between metal electrodes as the oxide insulator. The structure of the $Al/WO_x/TiN$ shows bipolar resistive switching and the operating direction of the resistive switching is clockwise, which means set at negative voltage and reset at positive voltage. The set process from HRS (high resistance state) to LRS (low resistance state) occurred at -2.6V. The reset process from LRS to HRS occurred at 2.78V. The on/off current ratio was about 10 and resistive switching was performed for 5 cycles in the endurance characteristics. With consecutive switching cycles, the stable $V_{set}$ and $V_{reset}$ were observed. The electrical transport mechanism of the device was based on the migration of oxygen ions and the current-voltage curve is following (Ohm's Law ${\rightarrow}$ Trap-Controlled Space Charge Limited Current ${\rightarrow}$ Ohm's Law) process in the positive voltage region.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and action mechanism of quercetin on penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (PCCSM). PCCSM precontracted with phenylephrine (Phe) was treated with four different concentrations of quercetin ($10^{-7}$, $10^{-6}$, $10^{-5}$ and $10^{-4}M$). PCCSM were preincubated with N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) to block nitric oxide synthase and guanylate cyclase, respectively. The changes in PCCSM tension were recorded, and cyclic nucleotides in the perfusate were measured by radioimmunoassay. The interactions of quercetin with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) such as sildenafil, udenafil and mirodenafil, were also evaluated. PCCSM relaxation induced by quercetin occurred in a concentrationdependent manner. The application of quercetin to PCCSM pre-treated with L-NAME and ODQ significantly inhibited the relaxation. Quercetin significantly increased cGMP in the perfusate. Furthermore, quercetin enhanced PDE5-Is-induced relaxation of PCCSM. Quercetin relaxed the PCCSM by activating the NO-cGMP signaling pathway, and it may be a therapeutic candidate or an alternative treatment for patients with erectile dysfunction who do not completely respond to PDE5-Is.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.420-420
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• 2012

ZnO seed layer were deposited on quartz substrate by sol-gel method and prism-like Al-doped ZnO nanorods (AZO nanorods) were grown on ZnO seed layer by hydrothermal method with various Al concentration ranging from 0 to 2.0 at.%. Structural and optical properties of the AZO nanorods were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL). The diameter of the AZO nanorods was smaller than undoped ZnO nanorods and its diameter of the AZO nanorods decreased with increasing Al concentration. In XRD spectrum, it was observed that stress and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the AZO nanorods decreased and the 'c' lattice constant increased as the Al concentration increased. From undoped ZnO nanorods, it was observed that the green-red emission peak of deep-level emission (DLE) in PL spectra. However, after Al doping, not only a broad green emission peak but also a blue emission peak of DLE were observed.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.56-56
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• 2011

투명 메모리 소자는 향후 투명 디스플레이 등 투명 전자기기와 집적화해 통합형 투명 전자시스템을 구현을 위해 지속적으로 연구가 진행 되고 있으며, 산학계에서는 다양한 메모리 소자중 큰 밴드-갭(>3 eV) 특성을 가지는 저항 변화 메모리(Resistive Random Access Memory, ReRAM)를 이용한 투명 메모리 구현 가능성을 지속적으로 보고하고 있다. 현재까지의 저항 변화 메모리 연구는 물질 최적화를 위해 다양한 금속-산화물계(Metal-Oxide) 저항 변화 물질에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행 되고 있지만, 금속-산화물계 물질의 경우 근본 적으로 그 제조 공정상 산소에 의한 다수의 산소 디펙트 형성과 제작 시 쉽게 발생할 수 있는 표면 오염의 문제점을 안고 있으며, 또한 Endurance 및 Retention 등의 신뢰성에 문제를 보이고 있다. 따라서, 이러한 문제점을 근본 적으로 해결하기 위해 새로운 저항 변화 물질에 관한 물질 최적화 연구가 요구 되며, 본 연구진은 다양한 금속-질화물계(Metal-Nitride) 물질을 저항변화 물질로 제안해 연구를 진행 하고 있다. 이전 연구에서, 물질 고유의 우수한 열전도(285 W/($m{\cdot}K$)) 및 절연 특성, 큰 밴드-갭(6.2 eV), 높은 유전율(9)을 가지고 있는 금속-질화물계 박막인 AlN를 저항변화 물질로 이용하여 저항변화 메모리 소자 연구를 진행하였으며, 저전압 고속 동작 특성을 보이는 신뢰성 있는 저항 변화 메모리를 구현하였다. 본 연구에서는 AlN의 큰 밴드-갭 특성을 이용하여 투명 메모리 소자를 구현하기 위한 연구를 진행 하였다. 투과도 실험 결과, 가시광 영역 (380-700 nm)에서 80% 이상의 투과도를 보였으며, 이는 투명 메모리 소자로써의 충분한 가능성을 보여 준다. 또한, I-V 실험에서 전형적인 bipolar 스위칭 특성을 보이며, 스위칭 전압 및 속도는 VSET=3 V/Time=10 ns, VRESET=-2 V/Time=10ns에서 가능하였다. 신뢰성 실험에서, 108번의 endurance 특성 및 105 초의 retention 특성을 보였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.751-756
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• 2014

The anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of Undaria pinnatifida root (UPREE) were investigated using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$, and cell proliferation. We found that NO levels were reduced by 34% at $100{\mu}g/mL$. Moreover, the production of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ was suppressed by the UPREE treatment. In particular, the IL-6 production was inhibited by more than 30% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ UPREE. The proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells was measured by MTT assay, and we found no cytotoxicity in those cells treated with UPREE compared to the control. Our results suggest that UPREE shows promise as a therapeutic anti-inflammatory treatment.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술회의 초록집
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• pp.18-20
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• 2010

수조구조의 InGaN LED 소자에 적용이 가능하며 높은 열적안정성을 갖는 저저항 고반사율 p형 오믹 전극을 개발하였다. Ag에 Mg을 첨가하여 p형 전극을 이용하여 $400^{\circ}C$, 공기중에서 1분간 열처리 후 $2.2\;{\times}\;10^{-5}\;{\Omega}cm^2$의 낮은 접촉 저항을 얻을 수 있었고, 460 nm 파장에서 82.6%의 높은 반사율을 획득할 수 있었다. 이는 Mg가 첨가됨에 따라 Ag가 고온에서 집괴되는 원인인 산소-공공 결합을 줄여줌으로써 높은 열적 안정성을 얻게 되었다. Ag를 열처리 할 경우, 외부에 존재하는 산소가 공공 자리에 들어간 후, 산소와 공공의 강한 인력에 의해 산소가 침입형 자리에 들어가서면서 두개의 공공과 강하게 bonding을 갖는 diffusion center가 많이 존재하게 된다. 하지만 Mg가 첨가되었을 경우, Oxygen affinity가 강한 Mg에 산소가 먼저 결합을 이루면서 산소-공공결합을 줄여주게 되어 높은 온도에서도 diffusion이 이루어지지 않고 높은 열적 안정성을 갖게 된다.