• Advances in environmental research
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2016

The biodegradability and decomposition efficiencies increase with the pre-treatment of sludge in a digestion process. In this study, the feasibility of ultrasound coupled with potassium permanganate oxidation as a disintegration method and digestibility of aerobic reactor fed with disintegrated sludge with ultrasound coupled potassium permanganate were investigated. The first stage of the study focused on determining the optimum condition for ultrasonic pre-treatment for achieving better destruction efficiency of sludge. The second part of the study, the aerobic digestibility of sludge disintegrated with ultrasound and potassium permanganate oxidation alone and combined were examined comparatively. The results showed that when 20 min of ultrasonic pre-treatment applied, the specific energy output was 49384 kJ/kgTS with disintegration degree of 58.84%. During the operation of aerobic digester, VS/TS ratios of digesters fed with disintegrated sludge decreased indicating that disintegration methods could obviously enhance aerobic digestion performance. The highest reduction in volatile solids was 75% in the digester fed with ultrasound+potassium permanganate disintegrated sludge at the end of the operation compared to digester fed with raw sludge. Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) levels in sludge supernatant increased with this combined method significantly. Besides, it promoted the production of ${\bullet}OH$, thus enhancing the release of Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) from the sludge. Disintegration with all methods used in this study could not improve Capillary Suction Time (CST) reduction in disintegrated digesters during the operation. The results demonstrated that the combined ultrasound treatment and potassium permanganate oxidation method improves the biodegradability compared to control reactor or their single application.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.70-70
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• 2013

As the costs of carbon-footprinetd fuels grow continuously and simultaneously atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration increases, solar fuels are receiving growing attention as alternative clean energy carriers. These fuels include molecular hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide produced from water, and hydrocarbons converted from carbon dioxide. For high efficiency solar fuel production, not only light absorbers (oxide semiconductors, Si, inorganic complexes, etc) should absorb most sunlight, but also charge separation and interfacial charge transfers need to occur efficiently. With this in mind, this talk will introduce the fundamentals of solar fuel production and artificial photosynthesis, and then discuss in detail on photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting and CO2 conversion. This talk largely divides into two section: PEC water oxidation and PEC CO2 reduction. The former is very important for proton-coupled electron transfer to CO2. For this oxidation, a variety of oxide semiconductors have been tested including TiO2, ZnO, WO3, BiVO4, and Fe2O3. Although they are essentially capable of oxidizing water into molecular oxygen, the efficiency is very low primarily because of high overpotentials and slow kinetics. This challenge has been overcome by coupling with oxygen evolving catalysts (OECs) and/or doping donor elements. In the latter, surface-modified p-Si electrodes are fabricated to absorb visible light and catalyze the CO2 reduction. For modification, metal nanoparticles are electrodeposited on the p-Si and their PEC performance is compared.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.222-230
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• 2019

Microwave hydrothermal-assisted sol-gel method was employed to synthesize the Fe doped TiO2 photocatalyst. The morphological analysis suggests anatase phase nanoparticles of ~20 nm with an SBET area of 283.99 ㎡/g. The doping of Fe ions in TiO2 created oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ species as revealed through the XPS analysis. The reduction of the band gap (3.1 to 2.8 eV) is occurred by doping effect. The as-prepared photocatalyst was applied for removal of NOx under solar light irradiation. The doping of Fe in TiO2 facilitates 75 % of NOx oxidation efficiency which is more than two-fold enhancement than the TiO2 photocatalyst. The possible reason of enhancement is associated with high surface area, oxygen vacancy, and reduction of the band gap. Also, the low production of toxic intermediates, NO2 gas, is further confirmed by Combustion Ion Chromatography. The mechanism related NOx oxidation by the doped photocatalyst is explained in this study.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2005

전자 부품에 인체에 유해한 납을 사용하지 않기 위해서 Sn을 주 원소로 한 무연 솔더 합금의 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 무연 솔더 합금의 열역학적, 기계적 특성은 많이 연구되었으나 산화 거동에 대해서는 거의 연구가 되어있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Sn 및 Sn-0.7Cu, Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-lZn, Sn-9Zn 합금에 대해 $150^{\circ}C$ 산화 거동을 연구하였다. 전기화학적 환원 분석을 통해 표면에 형성된 산화물의 종류와 양을 분석하여 합금 원소에 따른 산화 거동을 비교하였고 XPS 표면분석을 통하여 환원 실험 결과를 뒷받침하였다. 또한 합금 원소에 따른 산화물 성장 속도를 비교하였다. Sn-0.7Cu 와 Sn-3.5Ag의 경우 Sn의 산화와 비슷한 거동을 보였다. 산화 초기에는 SnO가 형성되고 산화가 진행됨에 따라 SnO 와 $SnO_2$가 같이 존재하되 $SnO_2$가 우세하게 성장하였다. Zn를 포함한 Sn 합금의 경우 ZnO와 $SnO_2$가 형성되었다. Zn의 첨가로 인해 $SnO_2$의 형성이 촉진되었고 SnO는 억제하는 것을 발견하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.555-561
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 연소 배기가스로부터 포집된 이산화탄소를 다시 일산화탄소 또는 탄소로 전환하여 산업에 다시 활용하고자 하는 탄소순환형 기술개발이 목적이다. 그러나 이산화탄소는 안정한 화합물로 쉽게 분해되지 않기 때문에 적합한 금속계 산화물(활성화제)이 필요하며, 가능한 낮은 온도에서 분해되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Zn계 페라이트를 사용하여 $CO_2$를 $500^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 CO나 C로 전환할 수 있는 금속계 산화물을 수열합성과 고상법을 이용하여 제조하였다. 이산화탄소의 분해 특성을 실험하기 위해 TPR/TPO 장치와 TGA분석장비를 사용하였다. 수소에 의한 환원곡선 면적과 $CO_2$에 의한 흡착분해 곡선면적을 측정한 결과 ZnO가 5 wt% 포함되어 있는 Zn 페라이트가 가장 크게 나타났다. 또한 수소에 의한 흡착환원이 26.53 wt% 발생하였고, $CO_2$에 의한 산화량도 25.73 wt%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 이산화탄소의 흡착특성이 높지는 않았지만 분해효율이 96.98%로 우수한 산화 환원 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1997년도 Proceedings of the 12th KACG Technical Meeting and the 4th Korea-Japan EMGS (Electronic Materials Growth Symposium)
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• pp.79-85
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• 1997

Fe$_2$O$_3$ thin films were prepared on $Al_2$O$_3$ substrate by PECVD(Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) process. The phase transformation of iron oxide film was determined as the substrate temperature and reduction-oxidation process. $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ was stable in deposition temperature ranges of 80~15$0^{\circ}C$. Fe$_3$O$_4$ phase was obtained by the reduction process of $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ phase in H$_2$ ambient. Fe$_3$O$_4$ phase was transformed into a ${\gamma}$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ thin film under controlled oxidation conditions at 280~30$0^{\circ}C$.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.68-71
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• 2011

[ $Ti_{1-x}W_xO_{2-y}$ ]solid solutions with compositions of x = 0.01(TW-1), x = 0.02(TW-2), x = 0.03(TW-3) and x = 0.04(TW-4) were prepared at 1,073 K in air under atmospheric pressure. All the solutions exhibited tetragonal symmetries. Nonstoichiometric chemical formulas have been obtained from oxidation-reduction titration and the partial substitution of $W^{6+}$ ions mainly caused the formation of $Ti^{3+}$ ion, rather than oxygen excess. Resistivities of the samples were highly dependent on humidity. The increase of the W amount resulted in an increase of $Ti^{3+}$ content, decrease of resistivity values and finally degradation of photocatalytic activities.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.36-41
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• 1996

Drugs mean not only medicines but also poisons, pesticides, food additives, cosmetics, cleaning agents, environmental pollutants and so on, which are normally considered foreign to the body, It is important to know what happens to these drugs when they get into the body. In the past the metabolic changes of drugs had been referred to as “detoxication mechanism”, but since there are many instances in which drugs are converted in the body to more active substances. Thus, metabolism of drugs is responsible for activation and inactivation of the drugs in the body. The major reactions in drug metabolism are oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis and conjugation. Of these four areas, most of the attention had been focused on the oxidation. Therefore, in contract of ample literatures on drug-oxidizing enzymes, there were relatively few reports on drug-reducing enzymes. In recent years, however, the reduction has received an increasing interest due to its pharmacological or toxicological significance. The present lecture is organized keeping with a focus on drug-reducing enzymes which have been explored by us and by other groups.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.588-591
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• 2004

Generally, $TiO_2$ powders absorb ultraviolet rays and make oxidation/reduction reactions on its surface. Hydroxide radical(OH), a product of photocatalyst reactions, has so strong oxidation/reduction electric potential that it can oxidize noxious gas like VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds) and NOx. In this study, $TiO_2$ was substituted for exposed concrete to investigate the purifying degree of VOCs(Benzene, Toluene) and NOx. Anatase types of $TiO_2$ were used as photocatalyst. The sun rays and the ultraviolet were used as a light source. Anatase type $TiO_2$ was better than rutile type in purifying performance. The sunray showed the best purifying performance among the light sources. $3\%$ substitution of $TiO_2$ with the sunray was enough to purify VOCs(Benzene, Toluene) and NOx efficiently.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.671-674
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• 2003

Generally, $TiO_2$ powders absorb ultraviolet rays and make oxidation/reduction reactions on its surface. Hydroxide radical(OH), a product of photocatalyst reactions, has so strong oxidation/reduction electric potential that it can oxidize noxious gas like NOx. In this study, $TiO_2$ was substituted for cement to investigate the purifying degree of NOx. Rutile and anatase types of $TiO_2$ were used as photocatalyst. The sun rays and the ultraviolet were used as a light source. Anatase type $TiO_2$ was better than rutile type in purifying performance. The sunray showed the best purifying performance among the light sources. 3% substitution of TiO$_2$ with the sunray was enough to purify NOx efficiently.