• BMB Reports
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.634-639
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• 2017

We aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of KHG26792, a novel azetidine derivative, in amyloid ${\beta}$ ($A{\beta}$)-treated primary microglial cells. KHG26792 attenuated the $A{\beta}-induced$ production of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and nitric oxide. The levels of protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, ROS, and NADHP oxidase enhanced by $A{\beta}$ were also downregulated by KHG26792 treatment. The effects of KHG26792 against the $A{\beta}-induced$ increases in inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative stress were achieved by increasing the phosphorylation of $Akt/GSK-3{\beta}$ signaling and by decreasing the $A{\beta}-induced$ translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$. Our results provide novel insights into the use of KHG26792 as a potential agent against $A{\beta}$ toxicity, including its role in the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, further investigations of cellular signaling are required to clarify the in vivo effects of KHG26792 against $A{\beta}-induced$ toxicity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권
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• pp.56-67
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• 1984

As in many other country, the use of organic matter in Korea has long history. Farmers understand the value of organic matter as the source of plant nutrient and soil improving agent in general. Since 50 years ago, the sources of organic matter in paddy soils were compost, rice and barly straw, green manure, animal waste, fish and beancake, etc.. Application of green manures such as vetch and chinese milk vetch showed no significant effect on the yield of brown rice in paddy soil. On the other hand, the effects of compost and rice straw showed more significant on the yield of brown rice in paddy soil. Application of rice straw in rice cultivation is commonly made at different times between harvest, early spring and several weeks before transplanting. Considering the suitable paddy soil for application of rice straw under well to moderately well drained soil, the yield was pronounced more than poorly drained soil. Based on laboratory and field experimants, application of rice straw promoted the decrease of oxidation-reduction potential in well to moderately well drained soil. This results to be enhanced the release of some mineral nutrients,. such as potassium, calcium, silicon, and increase of availability of soil phosphorus. In the field experiments, results obtained from nitrogen fraction on the immobilization-mineralization of the tracer nitrogen applied in paddy soil,the amount and index of organic nitrogen incoporated in soil was more pronounced in rice straw application than control. Rice straw and its transformation products incoporated in the soil, provided the inflow of energy necessary to maintain heterotrophic microbes activities. Rice straw and its transformation products, especially soluble carbohydrate, enhanced the population of free-living heterotrophic $N_2$ - fixing microbes. Moreover, rice straw and its transformation products in paddy soil, enhanced the activities of soil enzymes such as dehydrogenase and urease.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.197-208
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• 2020

The effects of presalting conditions (storage temperature and duration) with/without sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) on the color and pigment characteristics of cooked ground chicken breast were investigated. Meat mixtures containing 2% NaCl (control) or 2% NaCl and 0.5% STPP (STPP treatment) were stored for 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 d at 2℃ or 7℃, followed by cooking to 75℃, and cooling and storage at 2℃-3℃ until further analysis. The treatment was the most effective on the pink color defect of all independent variables. The effect of storage temperature was only observed on CIE L^⁎ values and percentage myoglobin denaturation (PMD). The control was redder than the STPP treated samples and the CIE a^⁎ values increased (p<0.05) from 0 to 5 d in the control and STPP treated samples. Compared to the STPP treatment, the control exhibited increased reducing conditions (more negative oxidation reduction potential), lower undenatured myoglobin, and greater PMD. No differences in the cooking yields of the control and STPP-treated samples were observed for various storage durations. Products with STPP showed higher (p<0.05) pH values than those without STPP, but no differences (p>0.05) in PMD were observed over the storage period in the control and STPP treated samples, except for day 0. Thus, STPP is effective at reducing the pink color in cooked chicken breasts. In addition, presalting for longer than 5 d resulted in increased pink color of the cooked chicken breasts.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.56-56
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• 2023

The cone of Pinus rigida × Pinus taeda (PRT), a plant in the Pinaceae family, has long been used in traditional medicine to treat hemostasis, bruises, and burns. Previous research has shown that regulating oxidation-reduction reactions in reactive oxygen species can help inhibit melanogenesis, the process of melanin synthesis, which is a common target for addressing hyperpigmentation. Inhibiting tyrosinase is also known to be effective in this regard. Based on these findings, we conducted an investigation into the inhibitory effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of PRT (ERT) on melanogenesis in B16 F10 cells. We know that the expression levels of melanin biosynthesis-related proteins, including tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2, are regulated by MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) and cAMP, with cAMP affecting the activity of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA can reduce melanogenesis, and CREB reduces the phosphorylation of melanin-producing enzymes. In addition, the MAPK signaling pathway, composed of ERK, JNK, p38, and other factors, is also known to play a role in the inhibition of melanogenesis in melanocytes. Our immunoblotting results showed that ERT inhibited the expression of melanin production-related proteins (tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF) that were significantly increased by a-MSH treatment to promote melanin production. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of factors related to cAMP/PKA/CREB and MAPK signaling pathways were significantly reduced without affecting the total form. In conclusion, we believe that treatment with ERT can inhibit melanin synthesis by modulating the phosphorylation of cAMP/PKA/CREB and MAPK signaling pathways at the cellular level. These findings suggest the potential of ERT as a raw material for functional cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, thanks to its antioxidant activity and ability to inhibit melanogenesis. We thought that these findings of ERT as a natural plant resource will inspire further research and development in this area.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.592-599
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• 2012

된장의 소금농도를 10%에서 6%로 줄이고 알코올 또는 겨자, 마늘을 단독 또는 혼합 첨가한 저식염 된장의 숙성 중 품질특성을 비교하였다. 된장의 amylase 활성은 숙성 2-4주에 높았으며 겨자 첨가 된장이 숙성 후기에 낮은 활성을 보였다. 메주 된장이 koji 된장에 비하여 효소 활성이 낮았으며, protease는 중성보다 산성 protease 활성이 높았다. 된장의 효모수는 겨자나 알코올, 마늘의 첨가로 현저하게 줄었으나 세균수는 겨자 첨가구에서 숙성 후기에 조금 적었다. 산화환원전위는 겨자 또는 겨자-마늘 첨가 된장에서 숙성 후기에 낮았으며, 수분활성도의 저하는 알코올 첨가구에서 심하였다. 알코올 첨가 된장이 숙성 중에 L-과 b-값이 저하가 심하였고 메주 된장은 L-값이 낮았고 a-값이 높았다. 된장의 pH는 겨자 또는 마늘 첨가구에서 낮았고 적정산도의 증가가 심하였으나, 알코올의 첨가로 적정산도와 산가는 적었다. 된장의 환원당은 알코올-마늘과 겨자-마늘 혼합 첨가구에서 높았으며, 알코올의 생성은 겨자의 첨가로 억제되었다. 된장의 아미노산성 질소는 마늘과 겨자 첨가구에서 높았으며 암모니아성 질소의 생성은 겨자 첨가구에서 낮았다. 8주 숙성시킨 된장의 맛과 종합적인 기호도는 알코올과 알코올-마늘 첨가 된장이 양호하여 저식염 된장의 제조는 소금의 일부를 알코올 또는 마늘로 대체하거나 이를 혼합하여 첨가하는 것이 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.428-437
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• 2007

The potential for humic substances to serve as terminal electron acceptors in microbial respiration and the effects of humic substances on microbial azoreduction were investigated. The dissimilatory azoreducing microorganism Shewanella decolorationis S12 was able to conserve energy to support growth from electron transport to humics coupled to the oxidation of various organic substances or $H_2$. Batch experiments suggested that when the concentration of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS), a humics analog, was lower than 3 mmol/l, azoreduction of strain S12 was accelerated under anaerobic condition. However, there was obvious inhibition to azoreduction when the concentration of the AQS was higher than 5 mmol/l. Another humics analog, anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQDS), could still prominently accelerate azoreduction, even when the concentration was up to 12 mmol/l, but the rate of acceleration gradually decreased with the increasing concentration of the AQDS. Toxic experiments revealed that AQS can inhibit growth of strain S12 if the concentration past a critical one, but AQDS had no effect on the metabolism and growth of strain S12 although the concentration was up to 20 mmol/l. These results demonstrated that a low concentration of humic substances not only could serve as the terminal electron acceptors for conserving energy for growth, but also act as redox mediator shuttling electrons for the anaerobic azoreduction by S. decolorationis S12. However, a high concentration of humic substances could inhibit the bacterial azoreduction, resulting on the one hand from the toxic effect on cell metabolism and growth, and on the other hand from competion with azo dyes for electrons as electron acceptor.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 1993

The neutral, reduced, and oxidized 2,2-trans isomers of $Rh_2(ap)_4$ (ap=2-anilinopyridinate) were investigated with respect to dioxygen binding in $CH_2Cl_2$ containing 0.1 M tetrabutyl-ammonium perchlorate. $Rh_2(ap)_4$ binds dioxygen in nonaqueous media and forms a $Rh^{II}Rh^{III}$ superoxide complex, $Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)$. This neutral species was isolated and is characterized by UV-visible and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry. It can be reduced by one electron at $E_{1/2}$ = -0.45 V vs. SCE in $CH_2Cl_2$ and gives ${[Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)]}^-$ as demonstrated by the ESR spectrum of a frozen solution taken after controlled potential reduction. The superoxide ion in ${[Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)]}^-$ is axially bound to one of the two rhodium ions, both of which are in a +2 oxidation state. $Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)$ can also be stepwise oxidized in two one-electron transfer steps at $E_{1/2}$ = 0.21 V and 0.85 V vs. SCE in $CH_2Cl_2$ and gives ${[Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)]}^+$ followed by ${[Rh_2(ap)_4(O_2)]}^{2+}$. ESR spectra demonstrate that the singly oxidized complex is best described as ${[Rh^{II}Rh^{III}(ap)_4(O_2)]}^+$ where the odd electron is delocalized on both of the two rhodium ions and the axial ligand is molecular oxygen.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2001

반도체 소자의 고집적화에 따른 세정공정 수는 점점 증가하고 있는 추세에 있다 현재 사용되는 세정은 다량의 화학약품 및 초순수를 소비하며, 고온에서 행하여지고 있는 RCA세정을 근간으로 하고 있다. 세정공정수의 증가는 바로 화학약품의 사용량 증가를 초래하게 되며, 이에 따른 환경문제가 심각하게 대두되고 있는 실정에 이르렀다. 따라서 이러한 화학약품 및 초순수 사용을 절감하고, 저온에서 세정공정이 이뤄지는 기술이 향후 요구되어 지고 있다. 이번 연구는 이러한 관점에서 화학약품 및 초순수 사용량을 줄이며, 상온 공정이 이뤄지는 전리수를 이용하여 실리콘 웨이퍼 세정을 하였다. 제조된 전리수는 산화성 성질을 지닌 양극수와 환원성 성질인 음극수로 이루어지고, 각각 pH 및 ORP는 4.7/+1050mV, 9.8/-750mV를 30분 이상 유지하고 있었다 전리수의 양극수에 의한 금속제거 효과가 음극수의 효과보다 우수함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 다양한 입자제거 실험에도 불구하고, 동일한 분포도를 나타내고 있었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.562-562
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• 2012

Recently, graphene and graphene-based materials such as graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (R-GO) draws a great attention for electronic devices due to their structures of one atomic layer of carbon hexagon that have excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical properties and very high specific surface area that can be high potential for chemical functionalization. R-GO is a promising candidate because it can be prepared with low-cost from solution process by chemical oxidation and exfoliation using strong acids and oxidants to produce graphene oxide (GO) and its subsequent reduction. R-GO has been used as semiconductor or conductor materials as well as sensing layer for bio-molecules or ions. In this work, reduced graphene oxide field-effect transistor (R-GO FET) has been fabricated with ITO extended gate structure that has sensing area on ITO extended gate part. R-GO FET device was encapsulated by tetratetracontane (TTC) layer using thermal evaporation. A thermal annealing process was carried out at $140^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours in the same thermal vacuum chamber to remove defects in R-GO film before deposition of TTC at $50^{\circ}C$ with thickness of 200 nm. As a result of this process, R-GO FET device has a very high stability and durability for months to serve as a transducer for sensing applications.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

부원료 첨가를 달리하여 제조한 쌈장을 포장하여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 18주간 저장하면서 저장중 이화학적인 특성 변화를 검토하였다. 쌈장의 색은 L-와 a-, b-값 모두 저장중 서서히 감소하였으며, ${\Delta}E$값의 변화는 대조구에서 심하였다. 쌈장 저장중의 가스 생성은 K-sorbate와 알코올, 겨자 첨가로 억제되었다. 저장중 쌈장의 효모수는 6주에 급격히 증가하였으나 겨자와 알코올, K-sorbate 첨가구에서 적었고, 매실즙과 울금 첨가구에서 많아 이들 첨가구에서 효모수의 증가가 가스 생성의 직접적인 원인이 되었다. 산화환원전위(ORP)는 저장 6주, 수분활성도는 저장 12주까지 저하되었으나 그 이후에는 근소한 증가를 보였다. 적정산도는 저장 중에 pH의 저하에 따라 증가되었으며, K-sorbate와 알코올 첨가구에서 적었다. 환원당은 울금 첨가구를 제외하고는 저장 9주까지 증가되었으며, 알코올은 매실즙과 울금 첨가구는 저장 15주까지 증가되었다. 쌈장은 유의적인 차이는 없으나 맛과 향기에서 겨자와 울금 첨가구가 양호하였고 전체적인 기호도에서 겨자 첨가구가 양호한 것으로 판단되었다.