• 부동산연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2014

전 국토에 대한 난개발을 방지할 목적으로 2002년부터 시행되고 있는 토지개발허가제는 재산권 제한의 한 유형으로서 의의가 있지만, 전통적으로 이해하고 있는 토지소유권의 내용에 대한 수정도 불가피하게 하고 있다. 그리고 토지의 개발금지를 해제하는 것은 토지개발의 자유를 회복하는 데 그치는 것이 아니라 토지개발권을 형성하는 원인으로 해석될 수 있으며 이를 물권(物權)으로 발전시켜야 한다는 것이 이 논문의 취지이다. 개발행위허가를 재산권 제한의 한 유형이라는 점에서 보면 헌법상 그 제한의 근거와 보상요부 문제가 발생하게 된다. 그러나 그 제한은 개발행위허가를 통하여 회복되거나 완화될 수 있으므로 보상 문제가 해소될 수 있다. 개발행위허가제에 의해 토지개발권은 토지소유권에서 분리되어 공유화되었으며, 토지소유권은 이제 토지의 현상이용권만 남아 있고 장래의 현상변경권은 원칙적으로 가지고 있지 못하므로 전통적인 토지소유권 개념의 수정을 불가피하게 하고 있는 것이다. 토지개발허가제는 토지소유권의 권능에서 개발권을 독자적인 권리로 분리할 수 있는 성질이 있어야만 그 정당성이 부여될 수 있다. 만약 이러한 성질이 없다면 토지개발허가제는 토지개발권의 사회적 필요성을 충족하지 못하고 토지소유권 제한이론의 범주에서 그 논의를 벗어나지 못할 수 있다. 현행 "민법"이나 토지규제법 체계 하에서 토지 개발권을 물권으로 일반화하기는 여러 가지 어려움과 한계가 있을 것으로 보인다. 따라서 사회법이념의 토지기본법을 제정하여 재산권이나 물권이론에서 토지권 이론을 특성화하고, 이곳에서 토지개발허가제나 개발권 이론을 독자적 체계적으로 연구 발전시켜야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2019

Existing buildings in urban parks are a kind of thing that has been settled and occupied on the site of an unexecuted park. The aim of this study is to identify nature by analyzing the causality and path-dependency through the transformation of the relevant system. The scope of the study was set up as a system for the occupancy of urban parks from 1934 when the building restriction system was established to 2000 when purchase claim (매수청구권) was introduced. The method of study was to get correlation by harmonizing the external and internal mechanisms affecting the relevant institution. The related system showed a modest change in the fourth stage, polymerizing the initial system. In the 1950s and 1960s, the existing buildings in urban parks were 'disguised' by government and the 'regulation' principle was applied since 1967. In the 1980s, the principle of 'protection' and 'support' for parks was added, but in the 1990s, the principle of regulation began to be lifted as the long-term unexecuted urban park (장기미집행 도시공원) problem continued for more than 60 years. Although the public concept of land ownership (토지공개념) has worked strongly for nearly 30 years since 1960, the system has developed into a form of deregulation since 1980. The nature of the relevant institution is first, dependent on the higher-level system and vertical. Second, it implies a conflict of restrictions and acceptance. Third, it is a temporary measure of the park problem. Therefore, the relevant system has long been enhancing the encroachment requirements on urban parks, so fundamental readjustment is needed in the future.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Purpose: In 2020, the franchise industry accomplished a significant growth compared to the previous year, as the number of franchise companies increased by 9.0% while the number of franchise brands increased by 12.5%. Despite growth in size, the Korean franchise industry underwent many negative incidents, such as franchise ownership sales to private equity funds, that led to deterioration of businesses. From this point of view, this study aims to make various proposals to help policy makers develop franchise industry policies by analyzing trends of the current and previous presidential administrations' franchise policies and regulations using newspaper articles. Research design, data and methodology: A total of 7,439 articles registered in Naver API from February 25, 2013 to November 29, 2021 were extracted. Among them, 34 unrelated video articles were deleted, and a total of 7,405 articles from both administrations were used for analysis. The R package was used for word frequency analysis, word clouding, word correlation analysis, and LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic modeling. Results: The keyword frequency analysis shows that the most frequently mentioned keywords during the previous administration include 'no-brand', 'major company', 'bill', 'business field', and 'SMEs', and those mentioned during the current administration include 'industry' and 'policy'. As a result of LDA topic modeling, 9 topics such as 'global startups' and 'job creation' from the previous administration, and 10 topics such as 'franchise business' and 'distribution industry' from the current administration were derived. The results of LDAvis showed that the previous administration operated a policy based on mutual growth of large and small businesses rather than hostile regulations in the franchise business, whereas the current administration extended the regulation related to franchise business to the employment sector. Conclusions: The analysis of past two administrations' franchise policy, it can be suggested that franchisors and franchisees may complement each other in developing the Fair Transactions in Franchise Business Act and achieving balanced growth. Moreover, political support is needed for sound development of franchisors. Limitations and future research suggestions are presented at the end of this study.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.97-112
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• 2009

The amendment of regulation affecting the Governing Body of NFFC (National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives) has been known to the public in May 2008. Its essential points are as follow: 1) the President of NFFC shall be a non-standing officer. 2) the Full-Time Directors shall have the authority to deal with all subjects except for those especially reserved for the General Meeting or Board of Directors, while minimizing the authority of NFFC President. By providing this amendment, the government seeks to make the Governing body becomes professionalized and the management functions carried out by full-time professional board members. However, the amendment seems to pay no attention to the co-operative's identity and principles. In this context, five issues will be discussed: 1) Strengthening the separation between ownership and control of NFFC. 2) Weakening the authority of General Meeting. 3) The bounds of Audit Committee. 4) Consolidating the management control of the Full-Time Directors. 5) The loss of NFFC's Identity, followed by a summary and conclusion.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2015

Purpose - In recent years, concerns over privatization have been growing in some public sectors. Privatization in Britain offers lessons for those who have intended to privatize their industry, and in particular, the port industry. Therefore, it is useful for researchers to examine British port privatization in detail, particularly the implications of UK port privatization. Research design, data, and methodology - After reviewing the historical development of the UK port industry, the important factors determining the success of the British port privatization process were identified. The interpretations could be lessons for some other country to consider port privatization in near future. Results - The key factors in relation to port privatization are first, regulation; second, ownership; and third, utilities and operations, which includes autonomy, efficiency, and competitiveness. In addition, the UK port management system is a pure private port system, which has been successful. Conclusions - In Britain, after deciding to privatize the erstwhile public ports, they were fully privatized, focusing on the aforesaid key factors. This offers important lessons for the privatization of other ports in the world.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.20-36
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• 2013

In this practice article, we present the results of a scenario planning approach that is a hybrid of the three main schools of thought. Our research objective was to study the future of Interactive Digital Media applications such as online music, on-demand television and massively multi-player online role-playing games. Our approach, while essentially qualitative in nature, nevertheless draws from the rigors of the quantitative school in identifying and then tracking the significant dimensions of analysis that emerge over time as strands of events leading to plausible scenarios. Our empirical analysis revealed mapping strands to three themes - ownership, distribution and innovation - which we used in an expert validation exercise to formulate scenarios. We present and discuss the major findings and implications of this empirical investigation. In a nutshell, we conjecture that an open, competitive IDM marketplace with performance safeguards may serve both and lead to a win-win scenario. While there are differences among IDM sectors, a unified approach to regulation and policy would be effective.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2022

The new commercial maritime law in the Kingdom came comprehensive and detailed for all topics related to commercial maritime navigation, thus responding to most of the problems that arise in the field, specifically regarding the ship as the focus of the rules of maritime law. This system defines the ship in law, regulates its civil status, determines how to name it, determine its domicile, and the conditions for acquiring Saudi nationality. It also contained a regulation of the rights granted to ships by ownership, as well as their lease and mortgage, the mechanism of attachment to them to settle debts and the rights in kind dependent on them and controlling the rights of third parties on ships and the procedures for forcibly selling them from precautionary seizure and executive seizure and then forced sale in public auction. Until this research was an effort to present a clear picture about the legal system of the ship in the new Saudi commercial maritime system and confirming the extent of the success of the Saudi legislator with the ship system in highlighting the legal frameworks for this facility prepared for maritime navigation.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.751-774
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• 2008

본 논문은 미국의 전력산업과 천연가스산업이 본격적인 구조변화를 시작한 1999년부터 2001년까지의 자료를 사용하여 제도적인 변화가 시장가격에 미친 영향을 분석한다. 이를 위해 가격에 영향을 미치는 비용과 수요를 제어한 축약형태(reduced forms) 모형의 회귀분석을 사용하여, 본 논문은 제도적인 요소 중에서 구체적으로 어떠한 요소가 가격결정과 긴밀히 연결되어 있는지를 추정한다. 분석결과에 의하면 투자자 소유의 기업의 전력가격이 공기업에 비해서 보다 높은 것으로 추정되었다. 더불어 전기와 천연가스 2개의 상품을 공급하는 기업은 1개의 재화를 제공하는 기업에 비해서 두 재화를 보다 저렴한 가격으로 공급하는 규모의 경제를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 천연가스 기업간의 합병은 합병이 일어나지 않은 지역에 비해서 가스요금의 수준이 보다 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.155-174
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• 1997

1994년 1월 1일 이후부터 공식적으로 발효한 NAFTA로 인하여 200l년 1월 1일까지는 멕시코ㆍ미국ㆍ캐나다 사이에 관세가 완전히 철폐될 예정이다. 패시코 북부지역의 변화는 이 지역의 도시성장에서 잘 나타나고 있다. 특히 국경지대에서 쌍둥이 도시화가 매우 급속히 진행되었다. 오늘날 멕시코 도시 순위 10위권 이내에 드는 세 도시(Ciudad Juarez, Tijuana, Mexicali)가 북부 국경지대에 위치한다. 멕시코 북부지역은 동서의 교류보다는 남북의 교류가 많았다. NAFTA로 인하여 멕시코 북부의 여러 하부지역들은 동서로 통합되는 것이 아니라 남북으로 통합되는 경향이 강화될 것으로 예측된다. 멕시코 북부 국경지대의 산업 발달은 멕시코인들에게는 고용기회를 확대시키고 미국인들에게는 저렴한 노동력을 이용할 수 있는 기회를 부여한다. NAFTA는 경제수준의 차가 큰 두 체제 사이의 경제통합이라는 점에서 향후 전세계적으로 전개될 지도 모르는 지역주의적 경제통합에 시사하는 바가 크다고 하겠다.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2013

It is commonplace to refer to the Nordic countries of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland as a distinctive and homogenous welfare regime. As far as social housing is concerned, however, the institutional heritage of the respective countries significantly frames the ways in which social housing is understood, regulated and subsidized, and, in turn, how housing regimes respond to the general challenges to the national welfare states. The paper presents a historical institutionalist approach to understanding the diversity of regime responses in the modern era characterized by increasing marketization, welfare criticism and internationalization. The aim is to provide outside readers a theoretically guided empirical insight into Scandinavian social housing policy. The paper first lines up the core of the inbuilt argument of historical institutionalism in housing policy. Secondly, it briefly introduces the distinctive ideal typical features of the five housing regimes, which reveals the first internal distinction between the universal policies of Sweden and Denmark selective policies of Iceland and Finland. The Norwegian case constitutes a transitional model from general to selective during the past quarter of a decade. The third section then concentrates on the differences between Denmark, Sweden and Norway in which social housing is, our was originally, embedded in a universal welfare policy targeting the general level of housing quality for the entire population. Differences stand out, however, between finance, ownership, regulation and governance. The historical institutional argument is, that these differences frame the way in which actors operating on the respective policy arenas can and do respond to challenges. Here, in this section we lose Norway, which de facto has come to operate in a residual manner, due to contemporary effects of the long historical heritage of home ownership. The fourth section then discusses the recent challenges of welfare criticism, internationalization and marketization to the universal models in Denmark and Sweden. Here, it is argued that the institutional differences between the Swedish model of municipal ownership and the Danish model of independent cooperative social housing associations provides different sources of resistance to the prospective dismantlement of social housing as we know it. The fifth section presents the recent Danish reform of the governance model of social housing policy in which the housing associations are conceived of as 'dialogue partners' in the local housing policy, expected to create solutions to, rather than produce problems in social housing areas. The reform testifies to the strategic ability of the Danish social housing associations to employ their historically grounded institutional relative independence of the public system.