• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.403-407
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to establish the new evaluating method of tinnitus and to evaluate the effect of acupuncture therapy. Fourteen patients with tinnitus were studied. The patients answered the questionnaire designed to identify and describe the subjective symptoms of tinnitus and discomfort in daily life due to tinnitus. After acupuncture therapy, the survey was conducted again among the patients and we evaluated the difference between pre-acupuncture therapy and post-acupuncture therapy. 1. Precipitating factors of tinnitus among the patients group consisted of 14 members were stress, noise, drug, overwork, URI, and otitis media in order. 2. Significant improvements in subjective symptoms of tinnitus and discomfort in daily life after acupuncture therapy were identified among the patient group of 14 members 3. Patient group of 14 members were divided into 2 groups by digestion status: patients who have poor digestion and patients who have good digestion. The patients who have good digestion showed significant improvement both in subjective symptoms of tinnitus and in discomfort in daily life after acupuncture therapy. 4. Patient group of 14 members were divided Into 2 groups by urination and defecation status: patients who have poor urination and defecation and patients who have good urination and defecation. The patients who have good urination and defecation showed significant improvement both in subjective symptoms of tinnitus and in discomfort in daily life after acupuncture therapy. 5. Patient group of 14 members were divided into 2 groups by sleeping status: patients who sleep well and patients who don't sleep well. The patients who sleep well showed significant improvement both in subjective symptoms of tinnitus and in discomfort in daily life after acupuncture therapy. This study shows that the subjective symptoms of tinnitus and discomfort in daily life due to tinnitus are involved in urination and defecation factor, sleep factor, and digestion factor. This study also shows that acupuncture therapy is effective in improving the subjective symptoms of tinnitus and discomfort in daily life due to tinnitus.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.637-649
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze employees' practice levels and knowledge of sanitation at school foodservice operations, to examine the sanitation conditions of current school foodservice, and to suggest an effective sanitary training program. A questionnaire survey was conducted on a total of 578 subjects and 501 reponses were made available for this study. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS of windows. The main results can be summarized as follows: Training through handouts was the most effective (53.2%) and lack of time caused by overwork (57.1%) made the practice of sanitation training difficult. The degree of employees' perceptions of the necessity of sanitary training programs was marked at 4.18 points. According to the foodservice employees' evaluation about the knowledge of sanitation concerning the sanitary training program contents, the area of environmental sanitation (96.3%) was the highest while food poisoning control (72.9%) was lowest. Foodservice employees' practice levels was ranked above 4 points (out of 5 points) in 9 areas. Practice levels of cleaning and disinfection management were highest while that of safety management was lowest. About the food service employees' practice levels of sanitation, the degree of practice and the application of knowledge was 4.39 points. There was a significantly positive correlation between the practice level of sanitation and sanitation knowledge(p<.01). Thus, educational material needs to be standardized in order to improve employees' sanitation practice level.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.29-41
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• 2003

Clinical observation was made on 52 cases of Stroke that were confined through brain CT, MRI scan. The Stroke cases wee classified into the following kinds cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebellar or brain stem infarction, cerebellar or brain stem hemorrhage. And among the 52 cases of Stroke cerebral infarction was noticed in 75.00%, cerebral hemorrhage in 11.54%, cerebellar or brain stem infarction in 9.52%, cerebellar or brain stem hemorrhage in 3.85%. The ratio between males and females was 1.74:1 in the whole groups of Stroke and most cases were over 60 of age. As the time of hospitalization, most patients hospitalized from 1 day after stroke to 7 days after stroke. And as the course of hospitalization, most patients hospitalized first. Among the preceding disease at the onset of Stroke hypertention was noted in 32.69%, and deabetes mellitus or heart problem was noted frequently(15.39%). Electrocardiography findings were as follows: The normal was noted in 53.85%, the abnormal in 46.15%. And as the abnormal, left ventricular hypertrophy was noted in 17.54%. The predisposing factors or conditions at the onset of brain infarction were usually initiated during the time of sleeping and those of brain hemorrhage chiefly during the time of exercising like overwork or walking etc. It was noted that smoking a pack of cigarette showed highest disease rate(33.33%) among the average of smoking amount of one day in case of man. Prior to attack, the most chiefly complain was dyspnea or discomfort on chest region. And 30.70% of patients had no previous sign. There were a large number of recurrent cases. The first attack was noted in 71.15%, the 2nd attack in 23.08%, the 3rd attack in 5.77%.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.61-66
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• 2002

Objective : Carpal tunnel syndrome has gained increasing attention and acceptance as a significant cause of peripheral neuropathy, since it was first reported in 1836. The purpose of this study is to inspect the effect of oriental medical treatment on Carpal tunnel syndrome patients who is not come under surgical decompession. Methods : 20 patients who visited Won-Kwang University Hospital during the period from January 1998 to May 2000 were analysed for clinical manifestations. Results : 1. Among 20 patients, 3 were male and 17 were female. 2. The syndrome occurred on the right side in 5 patients, on the left side in 0 patients, and on both 15 patients 3. The most of causes were overwork. 4. Numbness was the most common symptom followed by night pain, paresthesis, morning stiffness, puffiness and resting pain 5. Among 20 patients, 12 were Tinel's sign positive, 16 were Phalen's test positive Conclusions : When the symptom is mild and duration is short, conservative treatment is effetive, but when neurological deficit is prominent and conservative treatment is not effective, surgical decompession is indicated. We treated 19 among 20 cases of the patients which Carpal Tunnel syndrome. We achieved effective results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.67-79
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide basic date on the causes and factors related with the workload on board for Korea Seaman's Low Back Pain. The date had been acquisited through the questionaires of those and analysed in Korea Institute of Maritime and Fisheries Technology from February 10 to April 10 in 1999. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The incidence of Occupational low back pain for the recent 12 months has been recorded as 56.2% of the subject. 2. The highter Occupational satisfaction has the lower incidence of low back pain(p＜0.01). and the person who takes a rest(p＜0.05) and physical exercise regularly(p＜0.01) has lower experience of the incidence. 3. The incidence of low back pain by charateristics of vessel was turn out as 59.3% of the fishing vessel, 55.3% merchantmarine and 52.9% of the vessel of special purpose. The incidence of each department of a ship has recorded as 54.3% of Deck Dept. 59.2% of engine Dept but there was little relationship between those. And the longer period of work and on-board service has the hither incidence of the higher incdence(p＜0.01). 4. The fittness of the working table (p＜0.01) and chair(p＜0.01) has affeced the incidence of low back pain significantly 5. The higher incidence of low back pain has been experienced in case of working: in back posture, and lifting up or carrying a heavy load(p＜0.01) 6. The major cause of low back pain was turned out as excessive workload(26.5%) and stress (18.5%) ; the stress(24.1%) and excessive overwork(22.4%) for Deck dept. and excessive workload(32.3%) and bad position(21.7%) for Engine Dept(P＜0.01)

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.400-408
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• 2019

The "fourth industrial revolution" (FIR) is an age of advanced technology based on information and communication. FIR has a more powerful impact on the economy than in the past. However, the prospects for the labor environment are uncertain. The purpose of this study is to anticipate and prepare for occupational health and safety (OHS) issues. In FIR, nonstandard employment will be common. As a result, it is difficult to receive OHS services and compensation. Excessive trust in new technologies can lead to large-scale or new forms of accidents. Global business networks will cause destruction of workers' biorhythms, some cancers, overwork, and task complexity. The social disconnection because of an independent work will be a risk for worker's mental health. The union bonds will weaken, and it will be difficult to apply standardized OHS regulations to multinational enterprises. To cope with the new OHS issues, we need to establish new concepts of "decent work" and standardize regulations, which apply to enterprises in each country, develop public health as an OHS service, monitor emerging OHS events and networks among independent workers, and nurture experts who are responsible for new OHS issues.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2007

Recently, people in cities of developed countries are exposed to unfortified damages of crime and disaster due to urbanization, industrialization and information-oriented era caused by congestion of population in terms of hardware and various social pathology phenomena and frequent and large scale of disaster caused by crime and disorder, which occur in the course of going through nuclear family, a gap between rich and poor and aging society in terms of software. In this regard, demand for security upon individual life and property has been increased but the police that are responsible for the public security does not effectively reduce damage in life and property because their activities are mainly oriented in coping with security accidents more than prevention. Shortage of manpower and budget, retarded equipment, and heavy overwork are the reasons. In order to confront with this kind of situation, we should utilize CCTV system with the purpose of declining possible chances of crime, not for eliminating cause of crime as crime prevention activities to predict danger in advance as a way of prevention and we may expect a role of damage prevention by installing CCTV in places where security accident may possibly happen. In conclusion, there are invasion of privacy, misuse of the system, insufficiency of overall monitoring office management, lack of citizens' understanding and economical allotment of the system installation costs in installation of CCTV system. However. it is necessary to install the CCTV system for effective prevention of crime and prevention activities of security accidents and accurate PR of purposes of installing CCTV to local residents, establishing relevant laws about system misuse, allotment of equipment costs and fees by R&D of the system machinery, cost reduction method of storage, management and replacement, saving costs from co-operative attitude of government, and local autonomous entities and local residents should be involved.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.2 s.46
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• pp.242-257
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• 1994

In Korea, female workforce has reached more than 40% of total working population, but the effects of work on spontaneous abortion are yet to be examined. This study as conducted to investigate the occupational effects on spontaneous abortion. Medical insurance claim data were used to examine the effects of the employment status and industry of employment on spontaneous abortion. The study population was composed of females, aged $15{\sim}44$, who were the beneficiary of medical insurance in the month of June, 1993. The working females covered by medical insurance for industrial workers, had the highest age-adjusted Spontaneous Abortion rate (SAB rate=claim frequency of spontaneous abortion/claim frequency of complication of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium), 6.65% whereas female dependants of medical insurance for industrial workers had the lowest age-adjusted SAB rate, 4.54%. Among industrial workers, the workers in manufacturing industry had the highest age-adjusted Spontaneous Abortion ratio(SAB ratio=claim frequency of spontaneous abortion/claim frequency of completly normal delivery), 43.2/100 whereas those in financing and service industry had age-adjusted SAB ratio, 16.2/100 and 20.5/100, respectively. The results of the study suggest the adverse effect of manufacturing Industry on reproduction. Work environments such as chemical exposures, overwork, awkard posture, and job stress should be further studied for their effects on reproductive functions of female.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

Backgrounds : Bojungikgitang is one of the most common herbal prescriptions in Oriental Medicine, and it is highly recommended prescription for Nogwonsang syndrome. The Author developed Nogwonsang questionnaire for quantitative evaluation. Nogwonsang questionnaire is consisted of causes that induce fatigue, symptoms that directly associated with fatigue, and secondary symptoms that is induced from fatigue. Purposes : This study aims to verify whether the Bojungikgitang Questionnaire has causality and meaningful path structure by path analysis. Methods : 242 patients from 12 OMD clinics participated in this study. The patients executed a question investigation in the object. Factor analysis was conducted for extraction of factor and abridgment of items. Path analysis was conducted to verify path structure. SPSS 15.0 for Windows and AMOS 7.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results : Overwork factor explains fatigue factor. Coefficient is 0.771. Fatigue factor explains digesting and cold factor. Individually coefficient is 0.632 and 0.465. Model fit is $X^2=61.395$(df=51), GFI=0.960, AGFI=0.939, NFI= 0.924, CFI=0.986, RMSEA=0.029. Path structure is proved to be significant. Conclusions : Further research is needed Gold standard of Nogwonsang. Establishment of Gold standard leads and the collection of data and the research which are objective are possible. Connection of the clinical indexes which are objective on the paperweight outside and leads and the development of the diagnosis tool which is fixed quantity is demanded.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.875-887
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study is to provide basic data needed in developing an educational program designed to upgrade capacity and awareness of preventive dental treatment among oral health workers, by analyzing levels of awareness of preventive dental treatment and educational needs among dentists and dental hygienists. Methods: The collected data was analyzed with SPSS program ver. 19.0. The data was under t-test. Results: The frequency level of giving preventive dental treatment to patients among dentists and dental hygienists is below mid-point, 3 on the 5-point Likert scale. In terms of frequency level per item, scaling & polishing was ranked the highest, followed by periodontal maintenance, tooth-brushing instruction, and prescription and instruction of oral care product in descending order. On the questions asking how important preventive dental care they perceive to be, both dentists and dental hygienists perceived it to be highly important. When they were asked to rank those items by the importance of education, they considered periodontal maintenance as the most important one, followed by individual education of oral health, incremental oral health care, scaling& polishing, toothbrushing instruction, and prescription and instruction of oral care product. Respondents pointed out problems in running a preventive dental treatment program as follows: overwork, lack of dedicated workforce, un-fixed costs, and lack of necessary equipment. When they were asked to point out items needed to run such a program, the largest number of respondents indicated dedicated workforce placement, followed by improving awareness of the customer, and improving awareness of the dental workers. Conclusions: In order to effectively run a preventive dental treatment program, it is necessary for oral health workers to clearly understand the concept of it. It is also necessary to develop and operate an education program on preventive dental treatment targeting oral health professionals.