• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1965-1972
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• 1994

A standard on talker echo for ISDN telophone, mainly consisting of those on sending and receiving loudness ratings and terminal coupling loss(TCL), is necessary. Accordingly, if sending and receiving loudness ratings are pre-determined, we need a standard on TCL providing echo-free telephone communications to telephone users, and the standard can be classified into that weighted TCL($TCL_w$) and that on stability loss. In this paper, in order to make a national standard on TCL, based on users' perceived quality on a talker echo, we conducted user opinion tests on talker echo. From the results of correlation between echo and user opinion on quality and measurement on TCL of telephones, we proposed the standard as follows; we must preserve TCL_w of at least 40dB and stability loss of at least 10dB when overall loudness rating for ISDN telephone, sum of sending and receiving loudness ratings, is normalized to 10dB.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.54-65
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to evaluate the operator performance relating to hand switches with two or three buttons in the main control rooms of nuclear power plants. Based on the comparative analysis of the nuclear power plants, two different subjective workload-rating scales were used to evaluate the performance of 48 operators: the Overall Workload(OW) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA TLX). The survey questions consisting of the eight-items were asked to evaluate the operating experiences for the two different switch types. The OW scales ratings were applied to measure the workload of the switch-related tasks. The ratings revealed that signal detection tasks caused less workload in the three-buttoned-switch operators than the other switch group. However, in the switch operation tasks, the switch types did not show statistically significant effects on workload level. The NASA TLX scale ratings were performed based on detailed task scenarios that assumed the accident of small break loss of coolant, what we call, the small LOCH. The NASA TLX was administered to three different task groups: the reactor, the turbine, and the electric operator groups. Based on the NASA TLX, the two-buttoned switch groups showed higher workload than those with the three-buttoned switches. However, a statistically significant difference was found only in the reactor operator groups. When the current switch type was assumed to be changed for the other type, all of the three-buttoned switch groups were predicted to have higher workload than the other switch groups, respectively. The implications of these findings were discussed.

• Architectural research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2002

In order to examine theoretical underpinnings of preference for built forms, 129 subjects are asked to rate a series of 9 slides of residential houses depicting a wide range of architectural styles on a 5 point scale, for coherence, complexity, excitement, familiarity, and natural harmony, respectively. Based on Lee's (2002a, 2002b) two previous studies addressing the issue of aesthetic beauty evaluation for man-made creatures (e.g., residential housing scenes), this study summarizes several meaningful findings. As reported by all the subjects, first, both "desire to visit" and "desire to live in" turned out to be a good predictor of preference as the two measures are highly correlated in statistically significant levels (99.9%). People who desire to visit a spot are more likely to desire to live in it. Second, Pearson's correlations showed that coherence is the opposite end of complexity. The more likely a housing setting is hanging together, the less likely it looks to be complex. Overall, though, it is not clear that the two variables work directly in that way, as weighted on preference ratings. That is, coherence and complexity are likely to be totally two independent systems that affect the ratings of preference. Third, both excitement and environmental sensitivity (e.g., harmony of a house with its surrounding nature) most highly account for the preference for various housing scenes, while familiarity has only a little effect on preference ratings. Possibly, people like or dislike a visual thing, no matter how much they are familiar with it. Finally, this study suggested that design professionals could communicate effectively with their clients if sets of visual standards as an appropriate communication tool for better design are properly established.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.123-145
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to propose an efficient vocabulary assessment model in task-based language learning and to verify the viability of this assessment model. Bachman and Palmer (1996) pointed out the fact that many language tests focus on just one of the areas of language knowledge. However, researchers suggested that it is necessary to acknowledge the needs of several analytic scales, which can provide separate ratings for different components of the language ability to be tested. Although there were many studies which tried to evaluate the various aspects of vocabulary ability, most of them measured only one or two factors. Based on previous research, this study proposed an assessment model of general construct of vocabulary ability and tried to measure vocabulary ability in four separate areas. The subjects were two classes of university level Korean EFL students. They participated in small group discussion via synchronous CMC. One class used a lexically focused task, which was proposed by Kim and Jeong (2006) and the other class used a non-lexically focused task. The results showed that the students with a lexically focused task significantly outperformed those with a non-lexically focused task in overall vocabulary ability as well as four subdivisions of vocabulary ability. In conclusion, the assessment model of separate ratings is a viable measure of vocabulary ability and this can provide elaborate interpretation of vocabulary ability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.418-423
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• 2007

Meats with alginate binders including sodium alginate, glucono-delta-lactone and calcium carbonate were tested in restructured steaks made from M. pectoralis profundus of beef steers in terms of meat quality and binding ability by tumbling time. The treatment with 25 min tumbling time was significantly lower (p<0.05) for crude protein than 5 and 15 min, while higher (p<0.05) for moisture content. This corresponded with sensory panel juiciness ratings, which showed the treatment for longer tumbling times to be significantly juicier (p<0.05) than that for a shorter time. Cooking loss decreased (p<0.05) linearly with an increased tumbling time, and Kramer shear force also significant decreased (p<0.05) with tumbling time. This corresponded with sensory panel tenderness ratings, which showed that the treatment for longer tumbling times was more tender (p<0.05). The texture results indicated that longer tumbling time had lower (p<0.05) hardness and chewiness values. Sensory panels ranked binding ability in the order 5 min, 15 min and 25 min from best to worst, and the overall acceptability for slices from roasts of treatments for 5 and 15 min were rated by the sensory panelists as moderate to very acceptable, but those for 25 min were rated as fair to moderate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.637-647
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• 2014

This study was conducted to examine the physicochemical properties and consumer acceptability of commercial Gang-jeong. The samples used in this study were nine different Gang-jeong as commercial products. To accomplish this research, the physicochemical properties of nine samples, including moisture, crude lipid, sugar contents, acid value, color values, and texture, were measured. In addition, consumer panels evaluated the overall acceptability, appearance, flavor, sweetness, and texture of samples using a 9-point Likert type scale as well as the perceived intensities of sweetness and rancid odor by a 9-point Just-About-Right (JAR) scale. All data were statistically analyzed using One-way ANOVA, Principle Component Analysis, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, and Pearson's Correlation Analysis. All physicochemical properties were significantly different among the samples (p<0.001). Analyses of consumer acceptability and JAR ratings of the nine samples showed significant differences (p<0.001).

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 1996

The purposes of this study were to analyze the performance in nutrition counseling service and to develop a desirable methodology for the nutrition counseling. Data were collected through a survey on satisfaction of 221 patients( 111 males and 110 females) in the nutrition counseling service conducted in seven general hospitals of over 450 beds in Seoul. The results are as follows Most(93.9%) of the respondents agreed on the necessity of nutrition counseling and 96.8% of them recognized the importance of the role of a therapeutic diet. The mean satisfaction ratings were 4.34/5.00 in the dietitian's customization, 4.19/5.00 in the overall nutrition counseling service, 3.90/5.00 in the detailed presentation of the menu, and 3.66/5.00 in the explanations of recipes for the food. Total mean satisfaction ratings were 38.57/55.00 for liver disease patients, 40.29/55.00 for hypertensives, 42.54/55.00 for renal disease patients, 43.28/55.00 for gastrointestinal disease patients, and 44.09/55.00 for diabetics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.140-149
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• 2011

This paper deals with the impact analysis of the impedance change of 345/154[kV] power transformers on the KEPCO system's overall performance. Through the steady-state and dynamic analysis of power system, the maximum available impedance of power transformers were determined. Checking violation of short-circuit current ratings and transformer overload, parallel operation of power transformers, calculation of voltage variation ratio according to the impedance changes of power transformers are included in the steady-state analysis. In addition, transient and voltage stability analysis are also performed in the study. Available magnitudes to be able to change the impedance of the transformers in KEPCO system are finally determined in the paper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1878-1885
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• 2013

The purposes of this study are to generate sensory profile, measure consumer acceptance, and determine liking and disliking factors of aseptic-packaged rice porridges (APRP). Five APRPs made by five different rice cultivars were used for this study. Twenty-one attributes were generated by trained panelists. Finally, 16 attributes were determined as descriptive terms for APRP. Each cultivar showed a different descriptive sensory profile. In a consumer acceptance test, there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in the acceptances of the overall, appearance, taste, texture, viscosity, and rice particle texture among the 5 APRPs. SW52 showed the highest acceptance ratings in the overall, appearance, taste and texture, followed by SR. A total of 52% of consumers showed preference toward SW52 and SR. SW63 showed the lowest ratings and no consumer preference pattern. Consumers were divided into two groups by a cluster analysis; one was the consumers (C1) who liked APRP, and the other was the consumers (C2) who had a neutral stand in general. By correlating the results from descriptive analysis and consumer ratings from C1, liking and disliking factors for consumer acceptance were determined. The disliking factors were bitterness, feeling of surface, stickiness, metallic flavor, roasted aroma, and thickness. The liking factors were old cooked rice aroma/flavor. The disliking factors dominated in the determination of acceptability of APRP. Selecting rice cultivars that had low intensities of disliking factors is the key for APRP development.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine undergraduate medical students' perceptions and intentions regarding patient safety during clinical clerkships. Methods: Cross-sectional and self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 34 students from one medical school using a modified version of the Medical Student Safety Attitudes and Professionalism Survey (MSSAPS). We assessed $4^{rd}-year$ medical students' perceptions of the cultures ('safety', 'teamwork', and 'error disclosure'), 'behavioural intentions' concerning patient safety issues and 'overall patient safety'. The overall response rate was 66.4%. Results: Among safety domains, "teamwork culture" was rated highest. "Error disclosure culture" received the lowest ratings. Regarding the error disclosure domain, only 10% of respondents reported that they have received education or training on how to disclose medical error to patients. Independent of survey domains, when students were asked "Overall, do you think your hospital is safe based on your clinical rotation?", 61.8% reported that the hospital was safe. Conclusions: Assessing students' perceptions of safety culture can provide clerkship directors and educators with information that enhances the educational environment and promotes patient safety. Discussions of medical errors, patient safety, and how best to incorporate an analysis of these issues into the existing curriculum are needed.