• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2008년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.1141-1142
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• 2008

For intelligent vehicles, recognizing the sounding is an important task. In this paper we propose an road area detection system. This system uses u-disparity and v-disparity map. v-disparity map is used to find the road area. u-disparity is used to cluster the area that is an object. The test results and overall system is discribed in this paper.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7133-7136
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• 2013

Background: We studied Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) breast cancer data of Georgia USA to analyze the impact of socio-economic factors on the disparity of breast cancer treatment outcome. Materials and Methods: This study explored socio-economic, staging and treatment factors that were available in the SEER database for breast cancer from Georgia registry diagnosed in 2004-2009. An area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was computed for each predictor to measure its discriminatory power. The best biological predictors were selected to be analyzed with socio-economic factors. Survival analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov 2-sample tests and Cox proportional hazard modeling were used for univariate and multivariate analyses of time to breast cancer specific survival data. Results: There were 34,671 patients included in this study, 99.3% being females with breast cancer. This study identified race and education attainment of county of residence as predictors of poor outcome. On multivariate analysis, these socio-economic factors remained independently prognostic. Overall, race and education status of the place of residence predicted up to 10% decrease in cause specific survival at 5 years. Conclusions: Socio-economic factors are important determinants of breast cancer outcome and ensuring access to breast cancer treatment may eliminate disparities.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.347-366
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• 2001

Robust analogues of the likelihood ratio test are considered for testing of hypotheses involving multiple discrete distributions. The test statistics are generalizations of the Hellinger deviance test of Simpson(1989) and disparity tests of Lindsay(1994), obtained by looking at a 'penalized' version of the distances; harris and Basu (1994) suggest that the penalty be based on reweighting the empty cells. The results show that often the tests based on the ordinary and penalized distances enjoy better robustness properties than the likelihood ratio test. Also, the tests based on the penalized distances are improvements over those based on the ordinary distances in that they are much closer to the likelihood ratio tests at the null and their convergence to the x$^2$ distribution appears to be dramatically faster; extensive simulation results show that the improvement in performance of the tests due to the penalty is often substantial in small samples.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2004

기존의 양안식 스테레오 비디오는 장면 내에 매우 큰 변이를 가지는 물체가 존재할 경우에 시각피로를 유발하여 오랜 시간 동안 시청하기가 어렵게 된다. 이러한 시각피로를 개선하기 위한 하나의 방법으로서 본 논문에서는 변이 기반 비대칭 필터링 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 좌우영상 중 한쪽 눈에 해당하는 영상에만 필터링을 수행하고, 필터링 수준을 스테레오 영상 사이에서 구해진 변이 정보에 의해 조절한다. 제안한 기법의 시각 피로도 및 영상의 선명도에 미치는 영향을 주관적 평가에 의해 조사한 결과, 적절한 조건 하에 제안한 기법을 주시되지 않은 시차가 큰 영역에 적용할 경우 화질은 원영상의 화질을 유지하면서 시각 피로가 개선되는 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 인지과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.17-28
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• 1999

양안 부등 정보에 근거하여 모사 된 타원형 및 포물선형 반원주체가 관찰거리가 변화함에 딸 체계적으로 왜곡되어 지각되었다. 실험1과 실험3의 두 가지 관찰조건 모두에서, 타원형 반원주체는 45 cm의 관찰거리에서는 실제 모양과 근사하게 지각되었으나 135 cm의 관찰거리에서는 실제 곡면성의 75%로 과소 평가되어 지각되었다. 실험2에서는, 관찰거리에 대한 정보가 풍부할 때, 포물선형 반원주체가 45 cm의 관찰거리에서 실제 곡면성에 비해 118%의 곡면 성을 갖는 것으로 과장되어 지각되었으며, 90 cm의 관찰거리에서는 실제에 근접하여 지각되었고, 135 cm의 관찰거리에서는 실제 곡면성에 비해 85%로 과소 평가되어 지각되었다. 관찰거리에 대한 정보가 감소된 관찰조건에서는 모든 관찰거리에서 실제의 곡면 성 보다 다소 과소 평가되어 지각되었다. 예를 들어, 45 cm의 관찰거리에서는 실제 곡면성에 근접하여 지각되었고, 135 cm의 관찰거리에서는 실제 곡면성에 비해 68%로 과소 평가되어 지각되었다. 이러한 실험 결과들은 시각기제가 양안 부등을 추정한 관찰거리로 척도와(scale) 하여 3차원 모양을 표상 하게 된다는 설명을 지지하고, 이에 대립되는 가정, 즉 거리에 따라 변하지 않는 부등 곡률(disparity curvature)을 탐지해 냄으로써 3차원 모양을 직접 지각할 수 있다는 가정이 타당하지 않음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2008

Objectives : This study describes trends in the socioeconomic disparities in breast cancer screening among US women aged 40 or over, from 2000 to 2005. We assessed 1) the disparities in each socioeconomic dimension; 2) the changes in screening mammography rates over time according to income, education, and race; and 3) the sizes and trends of the disparities over time. Methods : Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 2000 to 2005, we calculated the age-adjusted screening rate according to relative household income, education level, health insurance, and race. Odds ratios and the relative inequality index (RII) were also calculated, controlling for age. Results : Women in their 40s and those with lower relative incomes were less likely to undergo screening mammography. The disparity based on relative income was greater than that based on education or race (the RII among low-income women across the survey years was 3.00 to 3.48). The overall participation rate and absolute differences among socioeconomic groups changed little or decreased slightly across the survey years. However, the degree of each socioeconomic disparity and the relative inequality among socioeconomic positions remained quite consistent. Conclusions : These findings suggest that the trend of the disparity in breast cancer screening varied by socioeconomic dimension. Continued differences in breast cancer screening rates related to income level should be considered in future efforts to decrease the disparities in breast cancer among socioeconomic groups. More focused interventions, as well as the monitoring of trends in cancer screening participation by income and education, are needed in different social settings.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.829-843
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• 2022

Background and Objectives: Despite remarkable reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, the burden has remained the leading cause of death. Since little research has focused on regional disparity in CVD mortality, this study aims to investigate its spatiotemporal trends in Korea from 1983 to 2019. Methods: Using the causes of death statistics in Korea, we analyzed the geographic variation in deaths from CVDs from 1983 to 2019. The sex and age-standardized mortality rate was calculated according to the 17 administrative regions. The analyses include all diseases of the circulatory system (International Classification of Diseases-10 codes, I00-I99), along with the following 6 subcategories which were not mutually exclusive: total heart disease (I00-I13 and I20-I51), hypertensive heart disease (I10-I13), ischemic heart disease (I20-I25), myocardial infarction (I21-I23), heart failure (I50), and cerebrovascular disease (I60-I69). Results: Overall, heart failure death rate increased across all regions, and other CVD death rates showed a decreasing trend. Regional disparity in mortality was substantial in the early 1980s but converged over time. In all types of cardiovascular mortality, Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam remained the highest, although they showed a downward trend like other regions. Jeju continued to have a relatively low CVD mortality rate. Conclusions: The regional disparity substantially decreased compared to the 1980s. However, the relatively high burden of CVD mortality in the southeastern region has not been fully resolved.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2955-2960
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• 2012

Background: Health disparities exist among and within countries, while developing and low income countries suffer more. The aim of this study was to quantify cancer disparities with regard to socioeconomic position (SEP) in 22 districts of Tehran, Iran. Method: According to the national cancer registry, 7599 new cancer cases were recorded within 22 districts of Tehran in 2008. Based on combined data from census and a population-based health equity study (Urban HEART), socioeconomic position (SEP) was calculated for each district. Index of disparity, absolute and relative concentration indices (ACI & RCI) were used for measuring disparities in cancer incidence. Results: The overall cancer age standardised rate (ASR) was 117.2 per 100,000 individuals (120.4 for men and 113.5 for women). Maximum ASR in both genders was seen in districts 6, 3, 1 and 2. Breast, colorectal, stomach, skin and prostate were the most common cancers. Districts with higher SEP had higher ASR (r=0.9, p<0.001). Positive ACI and RCI indicated that cancer cases accumulated in districts with high SEP. Female disparity was greater than for men in all measures. Breast, colorectal, prostate and bladder ASR ascended across SEP groups. Negative ACI and RCI in cervical and skin cancers in women indicate their aggregation in lower SEP groups. Breast cancer had the highest absolute disparities measure. Conclusion: This report provides an appropriate guide and new evidence on disparities across geographical, demographic and particular SEP groups. Higher ASR in specific districts warrants further research to investigate the background predisposing factors.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1003-1013
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• 2016

This paper proposes a framework of superpixel-based vehicle detection method using plane normal vector in disparity space. We utilize two common factors for detecting vehicles: Hypothesis Generation (HG) and Hypothesis Verification (HV). At the stage of HG, we set the regions of interest (ROI) by estimating the lane, and track them to reduce computational cost of the overall processes. The image is then divided into compact superpixels, each of which is viewed as a plane composed of the normal vector in disparity space. After that, the representative normal vector is computed at a superpixel-level, which alleviates the well-known problems of conventional color-based and depth-based approaches. Based on the assumption that the central-bottom of the input image is always on the navigable region, the road and obstacle candidates are simultaneously extracted by the plane normal vectors obtained from K-means algorithm. At the stage of HV, the separated obstacle candidates are verified by employing HOG and SVM as for a feature and classifying function, respectively. To achieve this, we trained SVM classifier by HOG features of KITTI training dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed vehicle detection system outperforms the conventional HOG-based methods qualitatively and quantitatively.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2022

The relationship between income inequality and capital account openness is empirically investigated in this study, where macroeconomic variables have opposing effects. Panel data used in the study from the KAOPEN Index and World Bank consists of 28 Asian countries and has been examined; it contains annual observations from 1970 to 2018. The data is examined using a random-effect model based on GMM estimates. Income inequality and capital account openness are positively and significantly related, according to our findings. Overall, the findings imply that increasing income gaps reduced capital investment in nations with large discrepancies. The growing economic discrepancy is being caused by the rich's increasing income share at the expense of the poor. In Asia, inward capital account openness exacerbates income inequality, while outward capital account openness exacerbates it. As a result, income inequality slows economic growth, leading to inflation, unemployment, and increased government spending in several Asian countries. Our control factors, GDP, and other secondary school enrolments, all had a statistically significant negative relationship with income inequality. Income disparity has a positive and statistically significant association with government spending, inflation, population, trade openness, and unemployment. Income disparity has a negative association with capital account openness, gross domestic product, and secondary school enrollment.