• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2002

In order to find out the appropriate in vitro method for high correlation with in vivo, we com-pared the sensitivities of phototoxicity (PT) in vitro method between in human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells and in 3T3 fibroblast cells derived from Balb/c mice. Both cells were exposed to six known phototoxic chemicals : promethazine, neutral red, chlortetracycline, amiodarone, bithionol, 8-methoxypsoralen, or non-phototoxic chemical, ALS (ammonium laureth sulfate) and then irradiated with 5 J/$cm^2$ of UVA. Cell viability ($IC_{50}$ ) was measured by neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. The ratio of $IC_{50}$ value of chemicals in the presence and absence of UVA was determined by the cut-off value. The phototoxic potential of test chemicals in NRU assay was determined by measuring the photoirriation factor (PIF) with a cut-off value of 5. In both 3T3 and HaCaT cells, all known phototoxic chemicals were positive (over 5 of PIF value), except that bithionol was found to be non-phototoxic to HaCaT cells, and ALS, non-phototoxic chemical was negative. These results suggest that Balb/c 3T3 cell was more sensitive than HaCaT cell to predict phototoxicity potential.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2020

Cerebral vascular surgery can damage patients' motor and sensory nerves; therefore, neuromonitoring is performed intraoperatively. Patients with diabetes often have peripheral neuropathy and may be prone to nerve damage during surgery. This study aimed to identify factors that should be considered when diabetic patients undergo intraoperative neuromonitoring during brain vascular surgery and to present new criteria. Methods: In patients with and without diabetes who underwent cerebrovascular surgery (n = 30/group), we compared the intraoperative stimulation intensity, postoperative motor power and sensory, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glucose levels, and imaging findings. Results: Fasting glucose, blood glucose, and HbA1c levels were 10%, 12.1%, and 9.7%, respectively; they were higher in patients with than in patients without diabetes. Two patients with diabetes had weakness, and 10 required increased Somato sensory evoked potential (SSEP) stimulation, while in 16, motor power recovered over time rather than immediately. The non-diabetic group had no weakness after surgery, but 10 patients required more increased SSEP stimulation. The diabetic group showed significantly more abnormal test results than the non-diabetic group. Conclusion: For patients with diabetes undergoing surgery with intraoperative neuromonitoring, whether diabetic peripheral neuropathy is present, their blood glucose level and the anesthetic used should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 1998

The adsorption of ethane and propane in $K^{+}$ ion exchanged zeolite L has been studied using grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulation. $CH_3$ and $CH_2$ groups of sorbate molecule were considered as pseudoatoms in calculation of potential, and the bond lengths and bond angles within a molecule were fixed during simulation. Average number of molecules per unit cell, number density of molecules in zeolite, distribution of molecules per unit cell, average potential per sorbate molecule, and isosteric heats of adsorption were calculated, and these results were compared with experimental results. For ethane the simulation results agreed considerably well with experimental ones over a wide range of temperature. The average potential of sorbate molecule decreased slowly with the increase of amounts sorbed in zeolite.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 2016

This paper is concerned with modeling of a ductile fracture criterion for sheet metal considering anisotropy to predict the sudden fracture of advanced high strength steel (AHSS) sheets during complicated forming processes. The Lou−Huh ductile fracture criterion is modified using the Hill’s 48 anisotropic plastic potential instead of the von Mises isotropic plastic potential to take account of the influence of anisotropy on the equivalent plastic strain at the onset of fracture. To determine the coefficients of the model proposed, a two dimensional digital image correlation (2D-DIC) method is utilized to measure the strain histories on the surface of three different types of specimens during deformation. For the derivation of an anisotropic ductile fracture model, principal stresses (𝜎₁,𝜎₂, 𝜎₃) are expressed in terms of the stress triaxiality, the Lode parameter, and the equivalent stress (𝜂_𝐻, 𝐿,) based on the Hill’s 48 anisotropic plastic potential. The proposed anisotropic ductile fracture criterion was quantitatively evaluated according to various directions of the maximum principal stress. Fracture forming limit diagrams were also constructed to evaluate the forming limit in sheet metal forming of AHSS sheets over a wide range of loading conditions.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.585-593
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• 2015

In the nanoscale regime, many multigate devices are explored to reduce their size further and to enhance their performance. In this paper, design of a novel device called, Triple Material Surrounding Gate Tunnel Field effect transistor (TMSGTFET) has been developed and proposed. The advantages of surrounding gate and tunnel FET are combined to form a new structure. The gate material surrounding the device is replaced by three gate materials of different work functions in order to curb the short channel effects. A 2-D analytical modeling of the surface potential, lateral electric field, vertical electric field and drain current of the device is done, and the results are discussed. A step up potential profile is obtained which screens the drain potential, thus reducing the drain control over the channel. This results in appreciable diminishing of short channel effects and hot carrier effects. The proposed model also shows improved ON current. The excellent device characteristics predicted by the model are validated using TCAD simulation, thus ensuring the accuracy of our model.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6001-6005
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• 2013

Our aim was to explore anti-cell proliferative and anti-angiogenic potential of andrographolide by analyzing the expression pattern of cell proliferative (PCNA, Cyclin D1) and angiogenic (VEGF) markers during 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. DMBA painting three times a week for 14 weeks in the buccal pouch of golden Syrian hamsters resulted in oral tumors which were histopathologically diagnosed as well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical (PCNA, VEGF) and RT-PCR (Cyclin D1) studies revealed over expression of PCNA, VEGF and Cyclin D1 in the buccal mucosa of hamsters treated with DMBA alone. Oral administration of andrographolide at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw to hamsters treated with DMBA not only suppressed the histological abnormalities but also down regulated the expression of PCNA, VEGF and Cyclin D1. The results of the present study suggest that andrographolide suppressed tumor formation in the buccal mucosa of hamsters treated with DMBA through its anti-cell proliferative and anti-angiogenic potential.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2297-2299
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• 2016

Background: Early detection of malignant transformation with expression biomarkers has significant potential to improve the survival rate of patients as such biomarkers enable prediction of progression and assess sensitivity to chemotherapy. The expression of interferon inducible transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) has been associated with early invasion events in several carcinomas, including head and neck cancers, and hence has been proposed as a novel candidate biomarker. As the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is highest in the Indian population, we sought to investigate: 1) the expression pattern of IFITM1 in OSCC tissue samples obtained from Indian patients of Dravidian origin; and 2) the possibility of using IFITM1 expression as a potential biomarker. Materials and Methods: Total RNA extracted from thirty eight OSCC biopsy samples was subjected to semi-quantitative RT-PCR with IFITM1 and GAPDH specific primers. Results: Of the thirty eight OSCC samples that were analyzed, IFITM1 overexpression was identified in fifteen (39%). Seven expressed a low level, while the remainder expressed high level of IFITM1. Conclusions: The overexpression of IFITM1 in OSCC samples indicates that IFITM1 may be explored for the possibility of use as a high confidence diagnostic biomarker in oral cancers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that IFITM1 overexpression is being reported in Indian OSCC samples.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.277-283
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• 2011

In this study, the cavitation test and electrochemical experiments were conducted for ALBC3(Cu-Al) alloy that has an excellent corrosion resistance and cavitation characteristic in sea water. Based on the ASTMG32 regulation, the cavitation test was performed with the cavitation and cavitation erosion tester using piezoelectric effect. The electrochemical characteristics are evaluated with potentiostatic experiments in activation polarization potential range. As a result, cavitation damage is increased proportionally to temperature and time at $30{\mu}m$ amplitude. It is appeared that acceleration period in weight loss presented over 6 hours under the cavitation environment in sea water. In addition, corrosion damages were observed at the potential range of -3.2~-1.4 V as the result of potensiostatic experiments during 12 hours in activation polarization potential range.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.91-94
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• 2013

Recently Ibadan in southwestern Nigeria has been facing severe water shortage due to the increase of population, social and economic activities. In order to meet the shortfall, attempts to utilize rainwater harvesting (RWH) have been made to provide an alternative source of water supply. A desk study was conducted to review various RWH technologies locally, regionally and globally. A hydrological analysis was also carried out using rainfall data for 30 years from two meteorological stations, with the aim of providing a more sustainable RWH system for water supply to private individuals, organizations, and government agencies. RWH is found to be technically feasible based on the prevailing rainfall pattern with over 90% of households having a rooftop constructed from technically appropriate materials. Results of the study indicate that an average roof of $80m^2$ will collect 82,835 L/yr (45 L/person/day) for a family of five people which is about the required water demand for drinking and cooking purposes. Hence, the capacity of storage tanks and the catchment area required for an all-purpose water supply system based on RWH are quite large. These can be reduced to affordable sizes, by collecting and storing water for cooking and drinking only while non-potable uses are supplemented by water from other sources. However, it must be highlighted that due to the type of roofing material, rainwater should go through proper treatment in order to be used for potable purposes. This study clearly shows that Ibadan city has a good rainwater harvesting potential.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.133-139
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• 2010

Global human activities associated with the use of fossil fuels have aggravated climate change, increasing air temperature. Consequently, climate change has the potential to alter surface water temperature with significant impacts on biogeochemical cycling and ecosystems in natural water body. In this study, we examined temporal trends on historical records of surface water temperature, and investigated the air temperature/water temperature relationship and the potential water temperature change from an air temperature scenario developed with regional climate model. Although the temporal trends of water temperature are highly variable site-by-site, surface water temperature was highly dependent on air temperature, and has increased significantly in some sub-watersheds over the last two decades. The results presented here demonstrate that water temperature changes are expected to be slightly higher in river system than reservoir systems and more significant during winter than summer for both river and reservoir system. Projected change of surface water temperature will likely increase $1.06^{\circ}C$ for rivers and $0.95^{\circ}C$ for reservoirs during the period 2008 to 2050. Given the potential climatic changes, every $1^{\circ}C$ increase in water temperature could cause dissolved oxygen levels to fall every 0.206 ppm.