• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.786-792
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• 2005

With dramatic transitions from a traditionally food-insecure to a food-sufficient society, over weight and/or obesity are an increasing health concern in Korea. In 2000, $35.9\%$ of Korean adults were over weight (BMI>25) with increasing trends. It is well known that obesity is highly correlated with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer and high cholesterol. In 2003, the social cost of obesity is estimated at $529.5\~799.3$ billion won (direct cost) and at $1,200\~1,817$ billion won (including indirect cost). The share of the direct cost is estimated at $2.6\~3.9\%$ of total medical bill 20,742 billion won. These costs are underestimated and would surely be higher if the expenditures outside of the official medical insurance system of Korea were included. Based on the rapid increase of obesity rate among the Korean youth, it is crucial to develop and implement appropriate policies to curb the obesity epidemic.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2003

Chitosan을 Bacillus pumilus BN-262 유래의 chitosanase로 처리하여 trimer, tetramer, pentamer가 전체 올리고당 중 64.3%에 달하는 비교적 저분자의 chitooligosaccharides로 구성된 LMW-chitooligosaccharides를 얻었으며, chitosan을 Trichodema viride 유래의 cellulase로 처리하여 중합도 7 이상의 것이 전체 올리고당 중 49.3%에 달하는 상대적으로 분자량이 큰 chitooligosaccharides로 구성된 HMW-chitooligosaccharides 를 얻었다. 제조된 Chitooligosaccharides의 마우스에 대한 급성경구독성을 조사하였다. Chitooligosaccharides는 마우스에 대하여 어떠한 독성 효과도 보이지 않았으며 반수치사량은 5g/kg 이상인 것으로 추정되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.885-900
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• 2015

This paper introduces Romberg-Richardson's method as one of the numerical integration tools for computation of stress intensity factor in a pre-cracked specimen subjected to a complex stress field across the crack faces. Also, the computation of stress intensity factor for various stress fields using existing three methods: average stress over interval method, piecewise linear stress method, piecewise quadratic method are modified by using Richardson extrapolation method. The direct integration method is used as reference for constant and linear stress distribution across the crack faces while Gauss-Chebyshev method is used as reference for nonlinear distribution of stress across the crack faces in order to obtain the stress intensity factor. It is found that modified methods (average stress over intervals-Richardson method, piecewise linear stress-Richardson method, piecewise quadratic-Richardson method) yield more accurate results after a few numbers of iterations than those obtained using these methods in their original form. Romberg-Richardson's method is proven to be more efficient and accurate than Gauss-Chebyshev method for complex stress field.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

Obesity which causing many physical and psychological problems is difficult to treatment. The purpose study was investigate relationships between weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and BMD of according to the low, normal, over, obesity, high group. According to obesity index, each group was divided into five proup. Study subjects were man(n=135) and woman(n=145). We checked the BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine by using dual energy X-ray bone densitometry. Weight was positively correlation with height (p<0.05) by Pearson's correlation matrix. There was a significant difference in BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine between four(low, normal, over, obesity) groups except for high obesity groul.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.97-113
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• 1987

This study was carried out to know physical growth and development, physical and nutritional indices and body fat weight and so forth by semi-longitudinal research method to measure body height, body weight, chest girth and sitting height of 260 of general high school and 306 of vocational high school 3rd grade students who are living in Seoul and born from 1966 March 1st to 1967 Feb.28th. The results are as follows: 1) Physical growth and development Growth in terms of body height showed one step straight linear development, andthat of body weight showed two step straight linear development in each section in high school. The age of cross over between two sexes of general high school students was between 10.6 to 12. 3 years in body height, between 10.8 to 13 years in body weight, between 11.2 to 14.6 years in chest girth and between 10 to 13 years in sitting height. The age of cross over between two sexes of vocational high school students was between 10.5 to 12.5 years in body height, between 10.5 to 12.5 years in body weight, between 10.5 to 12.5 years in chest girth and between 10.5 to 12.5 years in sitting height. In this periods, female group was superior to male group and after that male group was superior to female group again. The growth of vocational school students was superior to that of general school students in both sexes in terms of body height and body weight significantly. 2) Physical growth and nutritional indices In all cases of relative body weight, relative chest girth and relative sitting height, it was found to be increasing thereafter with advancing ages. In cases of $R{\"{o}}hrer$ index and Kaup index, it was found to be reaching to normal state thereafter with advancing ages. In each case of Vervaeck and Pelidisi index, it was found to be increasing and reaching to normal state thereafter with advancing ages. 3) Total body fat by vital measuring method Average values of body surface area, body volume and body density are measured indirectly by using the body height and body weight as Table 12, 13 and 14. The rate of body fat weight of general high school students was from minimum $11.96{\pm}3.53%(3.33{\pm}1.10kg$) to maximum $18.25{\pm}6.46%(9.08{\pm}2.01kg$) in male and from $25.88{\pm}3.62%(7.96{\pm}0.78kg$) to $43.00{\pm}7.22%(12.91{\pm}1.21kg$) in female. The rate of body fat weight of vocational high school students was from minimum $11.20{\pm}2.88%(3.32{\pm}1.13kg$) to maximum $17.16{\pm}5.88(10.83{\pm}3.16kg$) in male and from minimum $25.11{\pm}2.26%(7.91{\pm}0.89kg$) to maximum $42.16{\pm}7.96%(13.22{\pm}1.75kg$) in female.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of nutrition counseling on the dietary intake and nutritional status cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment. The study was conducted over 6 week period and included 104 patients : 66 received nutrition counseling as the variable group of 42 male and 24 female and 38 patients received no counseling as the control group of 19 male and 19 female. Nutrition counseling was accompanied with the radiation therapy and adminstered via counseling session and distribution of printed material during radiation therapy for 6 weeks. Nutrition counseling aimed at maintaining a balanced diet and preventing weight loss of subjects, guideline used for energy and protein intake were 35kcal/kg IBW and 1.5-2.0g/kg IBW, respectively. Over the course of the study, the counseling group increased significantly in comparison to the control group's energy intake, evidenced by the counseling group's initial mean daily energy intake of 1932.0kcal, and 4 and 6 week mean energy intake values of 2046.6kcal, 2066kcal, respectively. But mean energy values of control group was 1614.3kcal at 4 week. Th energy intake per weight values and protein intake per weight values for initial, 4 and 6 week intervals for counseling group were 33.2kcal/kg, 33.7kcal/kg, 34.0kcal/kg, and 1.48g/kg, 1.58g/kg, 1.59g/kg, respectively. Based on results, nutrition counseling had positive effects on both the variety of diet and energy intake of the variable group, mostly due to an increase in dairy product and egg consumption. In addition, the percentage of counseling group patients who consumed all 5 food group increased from 48.5% to 54.5%. Sufficient energy intake and protein consumption seem to be important factors in weight loss prevention, evidenced by weight gain by subjects in the counseling group who had 36.1kcal/kg/day mean energy intake and 1.77g/kg/day mean protein intake after 4 weeks. Counseling group subjects experiencing weight loss had lower intake and 1.77g/kg/day mean protein intake after 3 weeks. Counseling group subjects experiencing weight loss had lower intakes of 29.3kcal/kg/day for energy and 1.33g/kg/day for protein during the same period. Another significant factor in weight loss prevention of the counseling group could be the variety of diet. The dietary variety scores(DVS) of both counseling and control groups differed significantly : the counseling group had a mean score of 34 while the control group of patients. At the end of the study, the mean percentage of subjects within each group having a DDS 5 was higher in the counseling group (54.5% v.s. 24.0%). In this study, nutrition counseling for cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy proved to be effective in preventing weight loss, a major complication during radiotherapy. Nutrition counseling not only increased protein and energy intake, but also had desirable effects on variety or diversity of diet.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2002

목화 특성을 고려한 4개 품종을 이면교배하여 얻은 F$_2$세대의 12개 조합을 재료로 각 형질에 대한 유전자의 분포상태 및 우성정도 등을 산출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 개서일수는 상가적 효과, 우성효과, 모본효과, 정역간의 효과에서 유의하였다. 주당삭수와 개화일수는 상가적 효과, 우성효과, 모본효과에서 유의하였고, 삭중, 삭당 실면중, 삭당 조면중, 종자수, 종자폭, 종자 100립중은 상가적 효과와 우성효과에서 유의하였으며, 종자장은 상가적 효과에서만 유의하였다. Vr-Wr graph에서 주당삭수, 삭중, 삭당 실면중, 삭당 조면중, 종자폭, 종자 100립중, 개화일수, 개서일수는 불완전 우성으로 유전되고, 삭당 종자수, 종자장은 초우성으로 유전되었다. 유전분산 성분에서 삭중, 삭당 실면중, 삭당 조면중, 삭당 종자수, 종자장, 개화일수는 상가적 효과가 우성효과보다 컸고, 주당삭수, 종자폭, 종자 100립중, 개서 일수는 우성효과가 상가적 효과보다 컸다. 협의의 유전력은 삭중, 삭당 실면중, 삭당 조면중, 개화일수, 개서일수가 43.19% 이상으로 높았고, 광의의 유전력은 주당삭수, 삭중, 삭당 실면중, 삭당 조면중, 종자장, 개화일수, 개서일수가 51.71% 이상으로 높았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.340-350
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• 1995

이탈리안 라이그라스의 염해반응에 대한 기초 자료를 얻고자 NaCl의 8개 농도에서 14개 품종(2배체:7 4배체:7)의 발아율과 유묘건물중, 엽록소 및 유리 proline함량을 조사하였다. 1. 발아율은 NaCl 300mM 이상에서 크게 감소하였으며 대조구에 대한 50%의 발아감소 NaCl농도는 344mM이었다. 2배체품종은 4배체품종보다 감소 정도가 컸으며 NaCl의 농도가 높을수록 발아율에 대한 품종들의 차이가 크게 나타났다. 2. 지상부 건물중은 NaCl 166mM에서 대조구에 대한 50%의 감소율을 보여 발아기보다 유묘기에 NaCl에 대한 영향이 더욱 컸는데, 품종들의 발아율과 지상부 건물중과는 상관관계가 없었다. 3. 지하부 건물중은 NaCl농도가 높아질수록 감소 정도가 커서 NaCl 148mM에서 50%의 감소가 나타났으며, 품종들의 지상부 건물중과 지하부 건물중은 유의적인 상관관계가 있었다. 4. 지상부 건물중과 지하부 건물중은 NaCl의 각 농도에서 2배체가 4배체보다 높았다. 5. Total 엽록소 함량은 NaCl농도가 높아질수록 증가하였는다 엽록소 a가 엽록소 b보다 함량이 더욱 증가하였으며, 엽록소 a는 4배체가 2배체보다 높았으나 엽록소 b는 2배체가 4배체보다 높았다. 품종들의 엽록소 a함량과 지상부 건물중과는 NaCl 150mM 이상에서 높은 상관관계가 인정되었다. 6. 유리 proline함량은 NaCl처리에 의하여 현저히 축적되었는데 2배체와 4배체 사이에는 별다른 차이가 없었으며, 품종들의 지상부 건물중과도 상관관계가 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1334-1337
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• 2004

The present study was conducted to detect polymorphism at growth hormone gene in Karan Fries bulls. A 428 bp fragment of growth hormone gene spanning over $4^{th}$exon, $4^{th}$intron and $5^{th}$ exon was amplified and digested with AluI restriction enzyme to identify polymorphism at this locus. Karan Fries bulls were found to be polymorphic at this locus. Two genotypes LL and LV were identified in Karan Fries with higher allelic frequency for L allele. In Karan Fries males, the average birth weight, 3 months body weight and daily body weight gains of LL homozygotes were significantly higher than that of LV heterozygotes. Genetic distances of KF bulls with respect to genotype along with 3 months body weight and average daily body weight gain forms a single cluster of bulls with LL genotype, while individuals with LV genotype forms three distinct clusters indicating more influence of L allele on growth traits.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2007

This study aims to examine changes from differences in the lumbar scoliosis angle and iliac crest height due to abnormal and habitual posture shown in unilateral weight load at standing posture and suggest data for preventing and treating lumbago. The subjects of this study are 16 lumbago patients between twenties and forties with chronic lumbago over six months, but without neurological symptoms. As a result of photographing front and back with three conditions such as weight load on both sides and left or right unilateral weight load posture in order to examine changes of lumbar scoliosis and iliac crest according to changes of posture at unilateral weight load, while scoliosis angle and iliac crest height by habitual unilateral support were increased, those by opposite support were decreased. In conclusion, it was found that habitual unilateral weight load may cause continuous distortion of spinal angle and change of iliac crest height and these may be a factor of lumbago. Therefore, if habitual unilateral weight load state is kept continuously, distortion of lumbar angle and iliac crest height may be greater and common efforts to change habitual unilateral weight load are needed.