• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.189-194
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• 2003

Since 1960's Mapo Apartment Housing, the apartment housing has been established as the typical urban housing type, and its design of outdoor spaces being transformed diversely. The purpose of this study is to identify the periodical trend of outdoor space design by analysing the elements of outdoor spaces in the apartment housing estates constructed in Daejon City.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.57-63
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• 2002

This landscape design was proposed for the Buchon Special School Competition, held by the Kyonggi Province Office of Education. The authors collaborated on this design and won first prize in November of 2001. In the design proposal, on the basis of the knowledge of; mentally retarded children the children's activities, nature and health, and the healing gardens, the special school outdoor spaces were designed to meet the particular needs of the users. The school outdoor spaces are design for various types of users-children, adolescents, parents, siblings, staff, volunteers and visitors. The following are some of the basis concerns in the design of the school outdoor spaces : garden site planning, garden location, security, microclimate, entering and exiting, accessibility, usability, user group territories, supervision, attracting trained volunteers, a range of high-quality social settings, accommodation of different student types, accommodation of needs for both challenge and rest, child nature interaction, diversity of natural settings, hands-on activity, integrating the arts, and maintenance. The following are some of the major features in the design of school outdoor spaces : pleasant and inviting entry areas, sports grounds with different levels of challenge, gardens with plants having strong fragrances and/or tactile qualities, resting places with many types and forms of seating and weather-mitigating features, play grounds for all student types, roof gardens for users to experience nature in man-made environments, and walkways and winding paths with various trees, shrubs and flowers. In the special school outdoor spaces, people would perceive a unique sense of place through the various types of spaces and features described above. An example of the true meaning of a playing and resting place and a restorative and therapeutic environment is provided in the school outdoor spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2013

Due to the lack of available site in urban setting outdoor space in elementary schools are getting smaller and tend to be replaced by indoor spaces. Focusing on courtyard, piloti space and roof space, this study analyzed the current condition and usage of the outdoor spaces in the urban mini-schools based on the analysis of architectural drawing, interview, survey, and observation. Following issues are found for appropriate planning for outdoor spaces in the urban mini-schools. Firstly, roof space needs to be coordinated with the physical education and outdoor class curriculum and should be planned separately for quiet activities. Secondly, the piloti space should be planned as an independent space rather than a connection between classroom and outdoor space, with appropriate surveillance from teacher's space for the lower graders. Thirdly, courtyard space, typical space in urban mini school surrounded by densely arranged buildings, should be thermally controlled for outdoor class or resting with appropriate screen from noise to keep quiet atmosphere.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1-13
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine residents' perceptions of the outdoor spaces of environmentally-friendly apartment complexes focused on quality of life. On-site intercept surveys were performed to collect data and samples were selected from the residents who are currently living in two different environmentally-friendly certified apartment complexes. This study has examined importance and satisfaction of outdoor spaces of the study sites as they relate to quality of life, as well as they correlation between the New Environmental Paradigm(NEP), and satisfaction and loyalty, respectively. Data were analyzed using several statistical methods including descriptive statistics, Importance-Satisfaction Analysis(ISA), t-test, and correlation. The results suggest that outdoor spaces of the apartment complexes are perceived as an important place to improve residents' quality of life. Residents showed a high satisfaction rate to the natural environmental features(e.g. natural areas present, amenity of space) while they showed a lower satisfaction rate to the social environmental features(e.g. access to public transportation). Although most residents tend to have the New Environmental Paradigm based on the study results, NEP did not influence the level of satisfaction in environmentally-friendly apartment complexes. In contrast, there was a significant relationship between NEP and loyalty. In addition, a strong correlation emerged between satisfaction of outdoor spaces and loyalty to the housing estates. Given these results, various recommendations were given to promote better use of outdoor spaces of dwellings to improve residents' quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1 s.120
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• pp.36-47
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• 2007

This study intended to provide basic data for the future naming of outdoor areas in apartment complexes by conducting research into the causes, lengths of time, trends, and characteristics of the changes of outdoor space names of apartment complexes and by analyzing current images of outdoor space names. In order to explore the causes and intervals of changes of outdoor spaces in apartment complexes, related literature was surveyed, with on-site inspections being made to examine outdoor space names by time intervals. At the site selected for this study, a case study was conducted to determine the outdoor space names and to understand the trends in the changes of these name in the apartment complexes. Moreover, a questionnaire survey incorporating selected adjectives was administered to investigate the perceived images of outdoor space names and finished construction spaces. The results are as follows: 1. Causes driving changes in apartment outdoor space names included changes in apartment complex planning concepts, changes in the values and demands of apartment buyers, social values, and changes of brand. Intervals of changes were divided into two with the 1997 IMF financial restructuring of the Korean economy as the division. 2. In regards to trends in changes of apartment outdoor space names and their characteristics, various features applied to spaces have caused many changes, which resulted in the phrase $'\bigcirc\;\bigcirc+garden'$, expressions suggesting various images, and Korean names. 3. The results of the analysis of apartment outdoor space names and finished construction images revealed that there was a difference in all the spaces. This is thought to be mainly due to such issues as paved min, the use of ready-made goods, and figurative expressions. The results of the study above indicate that changes in outdoor space names of apartment complexes have been made simply as part of marketing strategies, with no consideration of the residents. Apartments, an important means of housing in Korea, account for more than 50% of Korea's total housing, and the naming of outdoor space serves as an essential element for residents. Therefore, outdoor spaces of apartment complexes should be named in consideration of the final appearance after construction is completed, with effort by the industry being required.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the correlation analysis between the experienced crime victimization rate and the evaluation indicator of residents' safety of outdoor spaces from crime in multi-family housing. Additionally this paper intend to analyze the correlation analysis between the residents' satisfaction about safety and the evaluation indicator of residents' safety of outdoor spaces. For that purpose, 9 Multi-Family Housing located in the metropolitan area were selected to perform a survey against 349 residents during May 26-29, 2006. The SPSS program was used and the level of satisfaction ranged from 1 to 5. Scale of 5 being most satisfied while 1 being most dissatisfied. The results of this study are the followings; 1) Most occurred crime were auto theft and damages, poster matter theft, housebreaking. 2) The crime rate is higher in outdoor than in indoor. 3) This study proved the correlation between the residents' satisfaction about housing safety and most indicators except the number of households etc. 4) By the results of the correlation coefficient it makes clear that the number of apartment building, the visibility of Green Space, the location of pedestrian etc. have relation with the residents' satisfaction about housing safety.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 2006

This study aims at providing suitable outdoor spaces for physical, social, and psychological condition of Korea elderly, examining design characteristics and presenting design guideline of outdoor space for elderly. To do this, this study examined previous research papers and scholastic writings, related to elderly housing, and analyzed existing outdoor space for elderly. Additionally evaluation of usage pattern and physical trace carried out four silver towns. As a result, first, the study showd that characteristics of outdoor space are related to safety, amenity, recognition and efficiency. Second, types of outdoor space in elderly related facilities are very limited in verity, just facilitating with rest space, sport space, and garden space. Third, from a standpoint of barrier-free-design, four silver town cases are not carefully concerning about outdoor space for elderly. These spaces should be designed for both neighborhood and elderly people.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Outdoor spaces are used for recreation, rest area, and night activities of residents. By these tendency, outdoor space is recognized as a very important space in residental areas. However, outdoor space is frequently used at night but lighting plan for these spaces is not suited for the selection of luminairce, arrangement of luminaires and planing of illuminance. From this point of view, this paper investigated the essence of light in outdoor space, analyzed different outdoor luminous environment and performed simulations. This paper finally suggested recommended level of illuminance and lighting plan of such spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.22-32
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• 2005

This paper is to propose a design possibility that incorporates participatory process and also to emphasize the participatory process applied to the planning of outdoor playground space open to the neighboring community. Community design based on the participation method can be understood as an attitude about a force for change in the creation and management of environments for people who are the major users of them. Planning for outdoor space is an integral part of school education and a vital component of child development. For the design of outdoor space of Samyang Elementary School it first needs to examine the current and emerging needs of students, teachers and parents as community residents through the participatory design method. A series of workshops and interviews are taken to identify dreams and ideal spaces of each group. An assessment of existing school spaces and design possibility of reprogrammed outdoor spaces are proposed to match the major demands of participants. Selected outdoor places are chosen and designed to accommodate options for various play settings and to make the school pleasant places where members of the neighborhood can gather for relaxation in restful surroundings.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

In this study aim at searching for the basement residential planning of considering outdoor spaces. It look after research results, there should be necessary for the inflow of outdoor environment factors. This basement planning is core's area expending, or installing expended dry areas and acquiring side open spaces, installing arcades, installing atrium or court yard, utilizing maisonette spaces, activating pilotis on ground floors, openning main hall, earth sheltering method, etc. These should be improvement for easy step to change basement floors easily through underground floor extend, major repair, use change of present buildings and needs to the idea through architectural design competition.