• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.2637-2645
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• 2000

We propose a new one-dimensional theory for thin-walled curved box beams having rectangular cross sections, in which torsional, out-of-plane bending, warping and distortional deformations are coupled. The major difference between the present theory and existing theories lies in that the present theory takes into account additional distortion as well as warping. To verify the present theory, a standard finite element based on the present theory is developed and used for numerical analysis. A couple of numerical examples indeed confirm that the consideration of warping and distortional deformations is very important.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 기존에 개발된 생브낭의 원리를 이용한 응력개선방법에 부가적인 면외 워핑함수를 도입하여 후처리함으로써 기계 및 열응력을 개선할 수 있는 방법을 소개하였다. 열응력 예측이 중요한 문제로 다루어지고 있으며, 이에 따라 수많은 보이론들이 개발되어왔다. 일반적으로 고차이론들이 열응력 예측에 유용하다고 알려져 있지만, 자유도가 많아 계산과정이 복잡하다는 단점이 존재한다. 이러한 단점들을 보완하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 계산이 비교적 간단한 고전 보이론의 변위장에 면외 워핑함수를 부가적으로 도입하고 합응력 등가를 통해 후처리함으로써 보 구조물의 열응력을 정확하게 예측할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 그리고 다양한 경계조건을 가지는 수치예제들을 통해 탄성해와 비교함으로써 그 정확도를 검증하고, 면외 워핑함수가 응력개선에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.467-473
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• 2017

This paper focuses on the investigation of three-dimensional (3D) warping effect on the stiffness constants of composite beams with closed section profiles. A finite element (FE) cross-sectional analysis is developed based on the Reissner's multifield variational principle. The 3D in-plane and out-of-plane warping displacements, and sectional stresses are approximated as linear functions of generalized sectional stress resultants at the global level and as FE shape functions at the local sectional level. The classical elastic couplings are taken into account which include transverse shear and Poisson deformation effects. A generalized Timoshenko level $6{\times}6$ stiffness matrix is computed for closed section composite beams with and without warping. The effect of neglecting the 3D warping on stiffness constants is shown to be significant indicating large errors as high as 93.3%.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.3-10
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• 2002

Recently, arches are used structurally because of their high in-plane stiffness and strength, which result from their ability to transmit most of the applied loading by axial forces actions, so that the bending actions are reduced. On the other hand, the resistances of arches to (out-of-plane,) flexural-torsional behavior depend on the rigidities EI/sub y/, for lateral bending, GJ for Uniform torsion, and EI/sub w/ for warping torsion which are related to axial stress for flexural-torsional behavior. The resistance of an arch to out-of-plane behavior may be reduced by its in-plane curvature, and so it may require significant lateral bracing. Thus. it is supposed that In-plane preloading which cause an axial stress, have an effect on out-of-plane free vibration behavior of arches. Because axial stresses caused increase or decrease out-of-plane stiffness. But study about this substance is insufficient. In this thesis, We will study an effect of preloading on lateral free vibration of arches, using finite element method based on Kang and Yoo's curved beam theory (about curved beam element have 7 degree of freedom including warping) with FORTRAN programming.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2002

I-단면 곡선보 (curved beam)의 모멘트 하중 하에서 비틀림(warping)을 포함한 평면외 (out-of-plane)의 좌굴을 미분구적법 (DQM)을 이용하여 해석하였다. 다양한 경계조건(boundary conditions) 및 굽힘각(opening angles)에 따른 임계모멘트 (critical moments)를 계산하고, DQM의 해석결과는 해석적 해답 (exact solution) 과 비교 분석하였다. DQM은 적은 요소(grid points)를 사용하여 정확한 해석결과를 보여주었고, 두 경계조건 (고정-고정, 고정-단순지지)하에서 새로운 결과 또한 제시하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.2191-2201
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• 2000

End effects due to sectional deformations of thin-walled beams with closed cross section are analysed by a one-dimensional theory. In particular, end effects associated with warping (out of plane m otion) and distortion (in plane motion) are investigated. The exact solutions as a vector form are newly derived to reveal slowly-decaying nature of the end effects in a thin-walled beam loaded by a couple. Several examples of thin-walled beams under various loading conditions indicate that the local end effect zone due to warping and distortion is approximately ten times the typical beam width.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.279-290
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• 2004

이 논문은 I-단면 곡선강지보 (curved steel rib)의 등분포 하중 하에서, 비틀림 (warping)을 포함한, 외평면 (out-of-plane)의 안정성을 해석하였다. 미분구적법 (differential quadrature method, DQM)을 이용하여 다양한 경계조건, 굽힘각 (opening angles)과 강성매개변수 (stiffness parameter)에 따른 임계하중 (critical loads) 및 임계하중 매개변수 (dimensionless buckling parameter)를 계산하였고, Differential quadrature method (DQM)의 해석결과를 타 이론과 비교 분석 하였다. 또한 두 경계조건 (고정-고정, 고정-단순지지)하에서의 새로운 결과를 제시하였고, DQM을 이용한 곡선강지보의 좌굴해석은, 비교적 적은 요소 (grid points)를 사용하고도, 타 이론에 의한 해석적 결과에 비해 정확성과 안정성을 보여주었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.308-314
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• 2000

This study explores the free, out-of-plane vibrations of horizontally circular curved beams. The differential equations governing the free vibration of such beams, including the effects of warping and rotatory inertia, are derived and solved numerically. The Runge-Kutta method and the Determinant Search method combined with Regula-Falsi method are used to integrate the differential equations and to obtain the natural frequencies, respectively. The lowest three natural frequencies are calculated over a wide range of non-dimensional system parameters: the horizontal rise to span length ratio, the slenderness ratio, the stiffness parameter, and the warping parameter. It is expected that the results obtained herein can be used practically for the design of curved member systems.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제78권3호
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• pp.269-280
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• 2021

Reinforced concrete (RC) structural walls with L-shaped sections are commonly used in RC buildings. The walls are often expected to sustain biaxial load and Unsymmetrical bending in an earthquake event. However, there currently exists limited experimental evidence regarding their seismic behaviour in these lateral loading directions. This paper makes experimental and numerical investigations to these walls behaviours. Experimental evidences are presented for four L-shaped wall specimens which were tested under simulated seismic load from different lateral directions. The results highlighted some distinct behaviour of L-shaped walls sustaining Unsymmetrical bending relating to their seismic performance. First, due to the Unsymmetrical bending, out-of-plane reaction forces occur for these walls, which contribute to accumulation of the out-of-plane deformations of the wall, especially when out-of-plane stiffness of the section is reduced by horizontal cracks in the cyclic load. Secondly, cracking was found to affect shear centre of the specimens loaded in the Unsymmetrical bending direction. The shear centre of these specimens distinctly differs in the flange in the positive and negative loading direction. Cracking of the flange also causes significant warping in the bottom part of the wall, which eventually lead to out-of-plane buckling failure.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권4호
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• pp.453-464
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• 2022

Thin plates are the most common spatially stressed members in engineering structures that bear out-of-plane loads. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the deformation performance characteristics of thin plates for structural design. By constructing 12 basic displacement and deformation basis vectors of the four-node square thin plate element, a deformation decomposition method based on the complete orthogonal mechanical basis matrix is proposed in this paper. Based on the deformation decomposition method, the deformation properties of the thin plate can be quantitatively analyzed, and the areas dominated by each basic deformation can be visualized. In addition, the method can not only obtain more deformation information of the structure, but also identify macroscopic basic deformations, such as bending, shear and warping deformations. Finally, the deformation properties of the bidirectional thin plates with different sizes of central holes are analyzed, and the changing rules are obtained.