• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2006

Objective: This study is to examine the physical function, psychological well-being, and subjective symptom of postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Methods: Data used for this study was collected from 397 women who had experienced one years or longer menopause and visited a hospital in Seoul, Korea during the period from May to December 2005. Results: The level of physical function of the fracture osteoporosis group was significantly lower than the other three groups. The psychological well-being of the fracture osteoporosis group was significantly lower than the other three groups. Subjective symptom of the fracture osteoporosis group was significantly higher than the other three groups. The level of physical function was positively correlated with psychological well-being and negatively with subjective symptom. Psychological well-being was also negatively correlated with the level of subjective symptom. Based on the results, it is recommended that the prevention of vertebral fracture in osteoporotic woman is important, and nursing intervention is necessary for the physical function, psychological well-being, and subjective symptom care.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.237-247
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of osteoporosis and falls and their consequences, and to identify predictors of fracture risk in the postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 687 postmenopausal women were recruited through a stratified convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain osteoporosis and fall history and details of their most recent fall. To predict fracture risk factors, we collected demographic and physical health variables related osteoporosis and fall. Fracture risk was measured by FRAX$^{(R)}$ to calculate 10-year probability of major osteoporotic and hip fracture. Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis was 22.1%, and 66.4% of them had treatments for osteoporosis. The incidence of falls during the past year was 19.2% and 38.6% of those who fell suffered consequent fractures. Women with history of osteoporosis and falls were significant predictors of 10-year probability of major osteoporotic and hip fracture. Other significant predictors were history of fracture, chronic disease, surgical menopause, lower BMI, poorer perceived health and no job. Conclusion: It appears that history of osteoporosis and falls are main predictors of fracture risk. Nursing assessment should be performed by detail history taking for osteoporosis, fall, chronic disease, and fracture to screen fracture risk group among postmenopausal women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2011

Few studies have shown the correlation between metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density (BMD). The main pathogenic mechanisms of metabolic syndrome rely on chronic low-level inflammatory status and oxidative stress. There are few studies that examine the gender-specific effects of inflammation and antioxidants on BMD. In this study, we evaluated the relative contribution of these factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 67 men and 46 postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome; metabolic syndrome was defined as having three or more metabolic syndrome risk factors. BMD, body fat mass, and lean body mass were evaluated. We also examined the levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, vitamin E, and C in serum. Log-transformed hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in lumbar spine osteoporotic subjects than in normal subjects for women but not for men. There was no significant difference between the normal group and the osteoporotic group in other inflammatory markers. Stepwise regression analyses for BMD of the lumbar spine showed that lean body mass and vitamin E were significant determinants in men. Lean body mass and log-transformed hs-CRP were significant determinants in women Analysis for BMD of the femoral neck showed that lean body mass was a significant determinant for both men and women. There was no significant factor among the inflammatory markers or antioxidant vitamins affecting the femoral neck BMD for either gender. In conclusion, while hs-CRP is an independent predictor of the BMD of the lumbar spine in women, vitamin E showed profound effects on BMD in men but not women with metabolic syndrome.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.147-151
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate whether fractal analysis of periapical and panoramic radiographs was useful in predicting osteoporosis risk. Materials and Methods : 37 postmenoposal women between the age of 42 and 79 were classified as normal and osteoporosis group according to the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae and periapical and panoramic radio-graphs were taken. Fractal dimensions at periapical areas of mandibular first molars were calculated to differentiate the two groups. Results : The mean fractal dimensions of normal group on periapical and panoramic radiographs were $1.413{\pm}0.079$, $1.517{\pm}0.071$ each. The mean fractal dimensions of osteoporotic group on periapical and panoramic radiographs were $1.498{\pm}0.086$, $1.388{\pm}0.083$ each. The mean fractal dimension from peripaical radiographs of osteoporotic group was statistically significantly higher than that of normal group. The mean fractal dimension from panoramic radiographs of osteoporotic group was statistically significantly lower than that of normal group. Conclusion : Fractal analysis using periapical and panoramic radiographs was useful in predicting osteoporosis.

• Journal of Bone Metabolism
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.213-217
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• 2018

Patients with gastrointestinal disease (GI) are at risk for osteopenia or osteoporosis, which can lead to fractures. Although these patients may be at risk from a young age, gastroenterologists often overlook this fact in practice. There are well-known GI diseases associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis, such as the post-gastrectomy state, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and celiac disease. As there is an increase in the prevalence of IBD patients, newly diagnosed celiac disease in adulthood, and gastric cancer survivors following gastrectomy, bone disease in these patients becomes an important issue. Here, we have discussed osteoporosis and fractures in GI disease, especially in the postgastrectomy state, IBD, and celiac disease. Although the pathogenesis of bone loss in each disease has not been fully identified, we have confirmed that the prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures in each of these diseases is high. There are scarce studies comparing the prevalence of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures in GI disease patients with studies in postmenopausal women, and specific guidelines for their management in each disease have not been established. Intensive surveillance and management are needed to ensure that these patients attain peak bone mass for age and sex to prevent fractures.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to examine the relationship of knowledge, health beliefs, and prevention behaviors of osteoporotic fracture in outpatients with osteoporosis. Methods: The subjects were 120 outpatients receiving osteoporosis treatment on K hospital in G city from Dec. 2007 to Feb. 2008. Questionnaires were collected and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program for descriptive statistics, and t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Subjects were treated for fracture about 28 months. The mean score of knowledge, health belief and prevention behaviors in subjects were $17.5{\pm}3.22$, $2.8{\pm}0.23$ and $2.8{\pm}0.38$ respectively. The score of health belief recorded the lowest point. However, the score of knowledge varied with general and disease-related characteristics of subjects. In contrast, the score of prevention behaviors did not showed any significant differences. Fracture prevention behavior in subjects showed rather higher relationship with the health belief system than the knowledge of fracture prevention. Conclusion: The present work suggested that education program for prevention behaviors of fracture should be developed to focus on altering the health belief system rather than the knowledge of osteoporotic fracture prevention. Furthermore, individual education program based on living circumstances and daily life habits should be also developed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.565-571
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to determine if a relationship exists among osteoporosis, alveolar bone density and periodontal disease in postmenopausal osteoporotic women and postmenopausal healthy women. Twenty-two women were evaluated for this study. They were attending the postmenopausal clinic, Seoul National University Hospital and generally healthy except osteoporosis. They had experienced menopause not less than one year when we began to examine them. Bone densities of lumbar area(L2-L4) was determined by DEXA(LUNAR-expert Co,. U.S.A). We diagnosed osteoporosis when T-score was below -2.5 and healthy state when T-score was over -1. Osteoporotic(10 female), not hormone-treated group and healthy control group(12 female) were asked for their age, menopausal age, menopausal period and the number of remaining teeth and examined clinically for plaque index(PI), gingival index(GI), clinical attachment loss(CAL) on their 6 Ramfjord index teeth. Intraoral radiographs were taken in maxillary anterior zone. All films were equally exposed and developed. Each films was digitized and analysed using image processing software, Scion image. Alveolar bone regions of interest were selected and Intensity of each pixel was quantized in the array ranging from 0(white) to 255(black). The two groups were comparable with respect age, menopausal age, menopausal period and number of remaining teeth. The osteoporotic women had significantly lower alveolar bone density than controls in maxilla. But no significant difference was found with respect clinical attachment loss, plaque index and gingival index. Supported by the Ministry of Public Health and Welfare, Korea (HMP-00-CH-10-0009).

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the trabecular pattern on panoramic radiographs to predict age-related osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one postmenopausal osteoporotic women and 25 postmenopausal healthy women between the ages of 50 and 88 were enrolled in this study. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae and femur were calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and panoramic radiographs were obtained. Fractal dimension (FD) was measured using the box counting method from 560 regions of interest ($51{\times}51$ pixels) in 6 sites on the panoramic radiographs. The relationships between age and BMD and between FD and BMD were assessed, and the intraobserver agreement was determined. Results: There was a significant difference in the FD values between the osteoporotic and normal groups (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the FD values at three sites in the jaws (p<0.05). Age was significantly correlated with the BMD measurements, with an odds ratio of 1.25. However, the FD values were not significantly correlated with the BMD measurements, with an odds ratio of 0.000. The intraobserver agreement showed relatively higher correlation coefficients at the upper premolar, lower premolar, and lower anterior regions than the other sites. Conclusion: Age was an important risk factor for predicting the presence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The lower premolar region was the most appropriate site for evaluating the FD value on panoramic radiographs. However, further investigation might be needed to predict osteoporosis using an FD value on panoramic radiographs.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.111-132
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine the therapeutic compliance and its related factors in rural women with osteoporosis. A questionnaire survey was performed from April to May in 2000 for 140 osteoporotic patients who were diagnosed from April to June in 1999 through community health program. The study employed the health belief model for predicting and explaining sick role behavior. The analysis techniques employed included contingency table analysis and path analysis using LISREL. The major results of this study were as follows: Of the subjects, 12.1% were continuously complaint, 53.6% were intermittently compliant, and 34.3% were non- compliant to calcium supplement therapy. As the result of path analysis, the therapeutic compliance was significantly higher(${\mid}T{\mid}$ >2.0) as patients had higher perceived severity of disease, lower perceived barriers of treatment, and when patients thought their disease status as severe. As the patients had higher educational level, more experience of mass media contact or health education about osteoporosis, and when family had more concern for patient treatment, they had higher perceived susceptibility of complication(bone fracture)${\mid}T{\mid}$ >2.0). The patients had higher perceived severity(${\mid}T{\mid}$ >2.0) as they had more educational level, more advice for treatment from their doctors, and when family had more concern for their treatment. As the patients had more advice for treatment from their doctors and when family had more concern for their treatment, they had higher perceived benefit of treatment and lower perceived barriers to treatment(${\mid}T{\mid}$ >2.0). In order to improve the therapeutic compliance in rural osteoporotic women, it would be necessary that the patient should recognize their disease severity properly. And the perceived barriers should be removed through supportive environments for osteoporosis treatment such as doctor 's more advice and family 's more concern for treatment. In addition, effective and continuous management system for osteoporotic patients should be established.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.5-11
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the bone mineral content of women who went through osteoporotic menopause and that of women who are healthy. For the purpose, this researcher sampled some women and divided them into three groups. Group 1 consisted of women who were pre-menopausal and healthy, group 2, women who were post-menopausal and health and group 3, women who went through osteoporotic menopause. The researcher measured the bone density of all the subjects and compared its difference among the three groups. Then the researcher compared and analyzed the influences of bone density on the spine among women of each group or those of all the groups. Among all regions of the spine, that of most region was spongiosa which was ovally shaped. The researcher measured the bone mineral content of spongiosa which existed in a particular section of the spine between T12 and L4. Findings of the study can be summarized as follows. The older women were, the lower their bone density was. Especially, women who had osteoporosis were significantly lower in bone density than those who were healthy. In all women, except those of group 1, bone density more and more lowered as the measured region of the spine gradually moved from T12 to L4. From a statistical view, the bone density of the entire vertebral body could discriminate the groups 1, 2 and 3. But it was not possible to discriminate between the groups 2 and 3 only with the bone density of the most interested region as mentioned above.