• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2012

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of osteoarthritic changes and condylar positioning of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in Korean children and adolescents with or without temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Materials and Methods: A total of 101 asymptomatic and 181 symptomatic children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years old were included in the study. Osteoarthritic changes such as flattening, sclerosis, osteophytes, or erosion, and the parasagittal positioning of the condyle were assessed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Results: The overall prevalence of osteoarthritic changes was higher in symptomatic (26.8%) than in asymptomatic adolescents (9.9%) (p<0.05). In the symptomatic group, the frequency was higher in males (33.3%) than in females (23.0%) (p<0.05). Erosion was the most common change for the symptomatic group (15.6%), whereas sclerosis was the most common change for the asymptomatic group (5.4%). Posterior condylar position was more frequently observed in the symptomatic group (p<0.05). Erosion was more common in the samples with TMJ pain or mouth opening limitations as compared to those without them (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that osteoarthritic changes in TMJ were common in children and adolescents, with a much higher prevalence in symptomatic patients.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2018

Most capitate fractures occur in association with additional carpal injuries, particularly scaphoid fractures. Isolated fractures of the capitate account for only 0.3% of carpal injuries, and stress fractures are one form of this fracture. We report the case of a 20-year-old male who had a stress fracture of the capitate after serving as an honor guard in the military. Conventional radiographs and computed tomography of the right wrist revealed a minimally displaced fracture line located at the midcarpal aspect of the right capitate. A magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrates a subarticular capitate fracture with diffuse bone marrow edema, small osteophytes, and irregularity of the midcarpal articular cartilage. We also review the carpal kinematics which possibly caused the stress fracture. Although stress fractures of the capitate are rare, they should also be accounted for with patients who perform repetitive motions of the wrist to a considerable extent.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1043-1049
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• 2000

Objective : This study was undertaken to evaluate the availability of allogenic fibular bone graft filled with autogenous bone dust in anterior cervical fusion after cervical discectomy. Methods : During a 4-year period(1995-1998), twenty four cases of anterior cervical fusion after discectomy were performed with fibular allograft filled with autogenous bone dust in degenerative cervical disease. We used freeze-dried fibular allograft and autogenous bone dust. Autogenous bone dust obtained from spondylotic spurs, osteophytes, and during foraminotomy. Cervical plating system was done at 8 patients. 5 patients were 1 level and 3 patients were 2 levels. All patients were routinely evaluated after surgery at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 5 months and 12 months. Mean follow-up period was 21months. Results : Eighty eight percent of the patients were found to have excellent or good clinical results. Radiographic follow-up revealed that 92% of the patients obtained complete or partial union by 5 months after surgery. One patient had graft extrusion immediately after surgery and had the graft reinserted. Two patients had longitudinal graft fractures. There were no graft related complications. Conclusion : Fibular allograft filled with autogenous bone dust for cervical interbody fusion after discectomy is an ideal graft material by showing obvious benefits of good fusion rate and elimination of donor site complications. And also we were able to obtain satisfactory clinical outcome.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 2013

Objective : It remains debatable whether cervical spine fusion cages should be filled with any kind of bone or bone substitute. Cortical and subcortical bone from the anterior and posterior osteophytes of the segment could be used to fill the cage. The purposes of the present study are to evaluate the clinical outcomes and radiological outcomes including bone fusion and subsidence that occurred after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using a stand-alone cage packed with local autobone graft. Methods : Thirty-one patients who underwent anterior cervical fusion using a stand-alone polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage packed with local autobone graft from July 2009 to december 2011 were enrolled in this study. Bone fusion was assessed by cervical plain radiographs and computed tomographic scan. Nonunion was evaluated according to the absence of bony bridge on computed tomographic scan. Subsidence was defined as a ${\geq}2$ mm decrease of the interbody height at the final follow-up compared to that measured at the immediate postoperative period. Results : Subsidence was observed in 7 patients (22.6%). Of 7 patients with subsidence greater 2 mm, nonunion was developed in 3. Three patients with subsidence greater 2 mm were related with endplate damage during intraoperative endplate preparation. Solid bone fusion was achieved in 28 out of 31 patients (90.3%). Conclusion : With proper patient selection and careful endplate preparation, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using a stand-alone PEEK cage packed with local autobone graft could be a good alternative to the standard ACDF techniques with plating.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2012

Objective : Various procedures have been introduced for anterior interbody fusion in degenerative cervical disc disease including plate systems with autologous iliac bone, carbon cages, and cylindrical cages. However, except for plate systems, the long-term results of other methods have not been established. In the present study, we evaluated radiologic findings for cylindrical cervical cages over long-term follow up periods. Methods : During 4 year period, radiologic findings of 138 patients who underwent anterior cervical fusion with cylindrical cage were evaluated at 6, 12, 24, and 36 postoperative months using plain radiographs. We investigated subsidence, osteophyte formation (anterior and posterior margin), cage direction change, kyphotic angle, and bone fusion on each radiograph. Results : Among the 138 patients, a minimum of 36 month follow-up was achieved in 99 patients (mean follow-up : 38.61 months) with 115 levels. Mean disc height was 7.32 mm for preoperative evaluations, 9.00 for immediate postoperative evaluations, and 4.87 more than 36 months after surgery. Osteophytes were observed in 107 levels (93%) of the anterior portion and 48 levels (41%) of the posterior margin. The mean kyphotic angle was $9.87^{\circ}$ in 35 levels showing cage directional change. There were several significant findings : 1) related subsidence [T-score (p=0.039) and anterior osteophyte (p=0.009)], 2) accompanying posterior osteophyte and outcome (p=0.05). Conclusion : Cage subsidence and osteophyte formation were radiologically observed in most cases. Low T-scores may have led to subsidence and kyphosis during bone fusion although severe neurologic aggravation was not found, and therefore cylindrical cages should be used in selected cases.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.366-370
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• 2013

A 7-month-old Pomeranian presented with non-weight bearing lameness on the right pelvic limb. Physical examination revealed pain on extension of the right hip joint, and serum chemistry results showed an increased concentration of creatine kinase. Radiographic findings at admission included a weak radiolucent line on the right femoral head and widening of the right hip joint space, and mild displacement of the right capital femoral epiphysis was additionally identified on day 14. Computed tomography (CT) showed a decreased Hounsfield Unit measurement and a fracture line on the right femoral head. Early stage Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) was diagnosed and femoral head and neck ostectomy was performed on the right femur. A fracture fissure and osteophytes at the epiphyseal plate of the femoral head were identified surgically. Necrosis in the femoral metaphysis and epiphysis was observed histologically. This case report describes the radiography, CT images, and surgical and histological findings in a dog with early stage LCPD.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2002

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of distraction arthroplasty as treatment for moderate or severe ankle osteoarthritis Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients who underwent distraction arthroplasty using the Ilizarov external fixator were available. We removed osteophytes around the ankle before applying the external fixator. We encourage the patients to do active range of motion exercise and to walk with cruch. Follow-up averaged 15 months (range, 10-31 months). Both the patients' postoperative satisfaction and the radiographic joint space were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The duration from applying the external fixator to remove was 12 weeks. Breakage of the wire applied to the forefoot occurred in 2 cases. All patients satisfied with the postoperative clinical results. The ankle joint space averaged $1.6{\pm}0.2mm$ in pre-operative, $4.2{\pm}0.9mm$ in post-Ilizarov external fixator's removal, and $2.3{\pm}0.3mm$ in last follow-up ankle lateral view. Conclusion: We think that distraction arthroplasty with external fixator is useful operative method for the moderate or severe ankle osteoarthritis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2019

Animal models of osteoarthritis (OA) have played a key role in understanding the etiology of OA and in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Although pigs have an advantage as an animal disease model due to their similarity to humans, there are few studies on the induction of OA in minipigs. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize disease progression of OA in total medial meniscectomy (TMM)-operated skeletally mature minipigs, up to day 180 postoperatively. There were no significant alterations in vital signs or hematological indices throughout the observation period. However, clinical manifestations of OA in the medial femoral condyles of TMM-operated minipigs were progressive, depending on postoperative duration, with respect to osteophytes formation and roughened surfaces on radiological observation, cartilage erosion under macroscopic examination, and severe cartilage defects including fibrillation, vertical fissures, and cartilage denuding on histopathological observation, with the highest score indicating late-stage OA on day 180 and without indicating apparent variation between subjects. In particular, the lateral femoral condyles were also degenerated, possibly due to localization of weight-bearing from both menisci to the lateral meniscus. Therefore, TMM in minipigs is suitable for reproducible induction of degenerative changes in the femorotibial joints that closely resemble late-stage OA, and is suitable for use in further research.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2022

The study aimed to understand the knee condition of patients with knee joint pain who visited an Korean Medicine hospital by performing musculoskeletal ultrasound. From July 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021, information on the gender, age, diagnosis, and ultrasound findings of knee joint pain patients were retrospectively collected. To examine the condition of the knee joint, images were taken in a total of three postures. All images were analyzed by an examiner. 7 cases of osteoarthritis, 1 case of medial collateral ligament rupture, and 1 case of quadriceps tendon calcification were collected. It was able to check the condition of articular cartilage, lipoma arborescens, and the formation of osteophytes through musculoskeletal ultrasound. The implementation of musculoskeletal ultrasound can enable Korean medicine doctors to give more active treatment for patients through accurate and scientific diagnosis. Based on more evidence, it is thought that the use of medical devices by Korean medicine doctors will need to be made in the future.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.186-195
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• 2022

Objective : To explore the histological feature of the cervical disc degeneration in patients with degenerative ossification (DO) and its potential mechanisms. Methods : A total of 96 surgical segments, from cervical disc degenerative disease patients with surgical treatment, were divided into ossification group (group O, n=46) and non-ossification group (group NO, n=50) based on preoperative radiological exams. Samples of disc tissues and osteophytes were harvested during the decompression operation. The hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining and Safranin O-fast green staining were used to compare the histological differences between the two groups. And the distribution and content of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 between the two groups were compared by a semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Results : For all the disc tissues, the content of disc cells and collagen fibers decreased gradually from the outer annulus fibrosus (OAF) to the central nucleus pulposus (NP). Compared with group NO, the number of disc cells in group O increased significantly. But for proteoglycan in the inner annulus fibrosus (IAF) and NP, the content in group O decreased significantly. IHC analysis showed that TGF-β1, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 were detected in all tissues. For group O, the content of TGF-β1 in the OAF and NP was significantly higher than that in group NO. For p-Smad2 in IAF and p-Smad3 in OAF, the content in group O were significantly higher than group NO. Conclusion : Histologically, cervical disc degeneration in patients with DO is more severe than that without DO. Local higher content of TGF-β1, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 are involved in the disc degeneration with DO. Further studies with multi-approach analyses are needed to better understand the role of TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway in the disc degeneration with DO.