• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.145-147
• /
• 2013

We present a case of acute hydrocephalus secondary to cervical spinal cord injury in a patient with diffuse ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). A 75-year-old male patient visited the emergency department with tetraparesis and spinal shock. Imaging studies showed cervical spinal cord injury with hemorrhage and diffuse OPLL from C1 to C4. We performed decompressive laminectomy and occipitocervical fusion. Two days after surgery, his mental status had deteriorated to drowsiness with dilatation of the right pupil. Findings on brain computed tomography revealed acute hydrocephalus and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the cerebellomedullary cistern, therefore, extraventricular drainage was performed immediately. Acute hydrocephalus as a complication of cervical spine trauma is rare, however, it should be considered if the patient shows deterioration of neurologic symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.170-177
• /
• 2018

Samples were obtained from broodstork in May, 1998, while naturally fertilized embryos were maintained and the process of skeletal development was observed from larvae and juveniles. Prelarvae immediately after hatching showed an average total length of $5.38{\pm}0.41mm$ (n=10), premaxillary and dentary were ossified, parasphenoid was ossified in the cranium, and centrum and caudal bone did not ossify. Prelarvae showed ossification with maxillary, articular and epihyal and branchiostegal rays of hyoid arch were ossified at 5 days after hatching with an average total length of $6.40{\pm}0.39mm$ (n=10). The vertebrae began to ossify in the direction of the tail, and neural spine began to ossify above the ossified vertebra. Postlarvae showed ossification of lateral ethmoid, parietal, and caudal skeleton in the cranium when the average total length was $7.30{\pm}0.12mm$ (n=10) in 8 days after hatching. At 22 days after hatching, postlarvae ossified maxillary in the cranium, and ossified endopterygoid and ectopterygoid, etc. in the palate, when the average length of $11.1{\pm}1.27mm$ (n=10). At 32 days after hatching, with the average length was $12.8{\pm}1.97mm$ (n=10), caudal skeleton had one additional epural bone ossification, resulting in ossification of a total of 3 epural bone to complete ossification of all spicules.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.968-978
• /
• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment on postoperative state patients with cervical spinal cord injury due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Methods: A 55-year-old Korean male patient diagnosed with cervical spinal cord injury due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament was treated in an inpatient setting with Korean medicine treatment consisting of herbal medicine, acupuncture, and others from May 22 to August 21. The outcome was evaluated with the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS), Spinal Cord Independence Measure-III (SCIM-III), modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale (mJOA), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after, or during the treatment period. Results: After 92 days of treatment, the patient's scores on all scales improved. Conclusion: The results suggest that Korean medicine treatment may be effective for postoperative patients with cervical spinal cord injury due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Further studies should be conducted on a larger number of patients.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.91-108
• /
• 1993

The relationship of cartilage canals to initial osteogenesis of primary ossification center of developing vertebrae in human fetuses ranging from 50mm to 260mm in crown rump length was studied by light and electron microscopy. The cartiage canals of the thoracic vertebrae were first observed at 60mm fetus. Cartilage canals were identified as vascular channels arising from perichondrium surfaces. A number of cartilage canals were observed around the primary center of ossification at 80mm fetus. At 120mm fetus, cartilage canals of the bodies of vertebra were increased. Eventually the canals were eroded from the main medullary cavity and remained at only peripheral regions of growth cartilage. Superficial, intermediate, and deep canals were identified by the characteristics of cartilage cells. Fibroblasts, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, and vacuolated macrophages were observed adjacent to the matrix of resting cartilage cells in the superficial canal. Fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells were densely packed at the tip of canal, giving an epithelial appearance to the clustered cell in the intermediate canal. Vacuolated macrophages were in contact with matrix of hypertrophied cartilage. The thick-walled vessels in the intermediate and deep canals consisted of typical endothelial cells, but in the newly formed vessels contained mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts incorporated into the vessel wall. During lengthening of cartilage canal, the matrix of cartilage cells were invaded by newly formed capillaries and vacuolated macrophages. At the deep canal, the lateral wall of the canal terminated in matrix containing calcified cartilage. The mesenchymal cells began to differentiate into osteoblasts adjacent to the calcified matrix. The results indicate that the connective tissue cells within the cartilage canals proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts at the site of primary ossification center.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.66-72
• /
• 2019

Osteochondroma is a bone tumor with cartilaginous growth potential that generally appears near the growth plate of long bones in areas such as hip, knee, and shoulder joints, related to the nature of endochondral ossification and it is known a common benign bone tumor. However, it has been very rare in craniofacial region possibly because craniofacial bone is largely formed by intramembranous ossification. Moreover, reports on the solitary type of osteochondroma in mandibular condyle has been extremely rare. Osteochondroma in mandibular condylar may show various symptoms similar to general temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs), such as pain in the condylar area during mouth opening, internal derangement, facial asymmetry or posterior open bite. Therefore, it can be disregarded for a long time period without any adequate treatment. Surgical excision has been the treatment option for the solitary osteochondroma with very low recurrence rate reportedly. In this case report, a rare case of solitary osteochondroma developed in unilateral mandibular condyle is presented with emphasis on differential diagnosis with general TMDs.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.32-34
• /
• 2015

Accessory navicular is a congenital anomaly appearing in the secondary ossification center on the tuberosity of the navicular that may cause flatfoot. Bipartite medial cuneiform is another rare congenital anomaly occurring as two primary ossification centers in the medial cuneiform. The authors report a rare case of symptomatic bilateral accessory navicular with bipartite medial cuneiform and flatfoot deformity in a 19-year-old man with a review of the literature.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2002

Antlers from deer species are alternative animal by-products. Due to the oriental trade, the velvet antler industry is rapidly emerging in North America. The unique biological property of antler wish a deciduous natural phenomenon offers the valuable model of biomedical research. Growing antlers showed different structures according to cell populations consisting of mesenchymes, chondroblasts, chondrocytes and osseous tissues from distal to proximal portions of main beam. Their structures were different from two tissues, cartilage and bone, in growing antlers. Zone of maturing ants calcifying chondrocytes referred as upper section was invaded by osteoblasts indicating the occurrence of endochondral ossification. The cartilaginous tissues were gradually replaced by osseous tissues downward. The bony tissues referred as the middle and base sections in this thesis contained spongy bone and cortical bone structure in the difference of the degree of mineralization antral the thickness of cortical bony in adjacent to outer velvet layer. In addition, the endocrinological regulators such as testosterone, prolactin, growth hormones and other growth factors are actively involved in the unique deciduous nature shown in the growth and development of antler.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.32-40
• /
• 2017

Samples were obtained from broodstok in May, 2010, while naturally fertilized embryos were maintained, and the process of skeletal development was observed from larvae and juvenile. Prelarvae immediately after hatching showed an average total length of $6.85{\pm}0.63mm$ (n =5), Premaxillary and dentary were ossified, parasphenoid was ossified in the cranium, and centrum and caudal bone did not ossify. Prelarvae showed ossification with maxillary, articular, and epihyal, and branchiostegal rays of hyoid arch were ossified at 2 to 3 days after hatching with an average total length of $7.25{\pm}0.28mm$ (n=5). The vertebrae began to ossify in the direction of the tail, and neural spine began to ossify above the ossified vertebra. Postlarvae showed ossification of lateral ethmoid, alisphenoid, parietal, and caudal skeleton in the cranium when the average total length was $9.00{\pm}1.53mm$ (n=5) in 6 days after hatching. At 40 days after hatching, postlarvae ossified maxillary in the cranium, and ossified endopterygoid and ectopterygoid, etc. in the palate, when the average length of $23.3{\pm}0.28mm$ (n=5). At 120 days after hatching, with the average length was $37.5{\pm}2.83mm$ (n=5), caudal skeleton had one additional epural bone ossification, resulting in ossification of a total of 3 epural bone to complete ossification of all spicules.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.63 no.1
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2020

Objective : Ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the thoracic spine may cause chronic compressive myelopathy that is usually progressive, and unfavorable by conservative treatment. Although surgical intervention is often needed, the standard surgical method has not been established. Recently, it has been reported that posterior decompression with dekyphosis is effective surgical technique for favorable clinical outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes in patients with thoracic OPLL according to dekyphosis procedure and to identify predictive factors for the surgical results. Methods : A total of 25 patients with thoracic OPLL who underwent surgery for myelopathy from May 2004 to March 2017, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with cervical myelopathy were excluded. We assessed the clinical outcomes according to various surgical approaches. The modified Japanese orthopedic association (JOA) scores for the thoracic spine (total, 11 points) and JOA recovery rates were used for investigating surgical outcomes. Results : Of the 25 patients, 10 patients were male and the others were female. The mean JOA score was 6.7±2.3 points preoperatively and 8.8±1.8 points postoperatively, yielding a mean recovery rate of 53.8±31.0%. The mean patients' age at surgery was 52.4 years and mean follow-up period was 40.2 months. According to surgical approaches, seven patients underwent anterior approaches, 13 patients underwent posterior approaches, five patients underwent combined approaches. There was no significant difference of the surgical outcomes related with different surgical approaches. Age (≥55 years) and high signal intensity on preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) image in the thoracic spine were significant predictors of the lower recovery rate after surgery (p<0.05). Posterior decompression with dekyphosis procedure was related to the excellent surgical outcomes (p=0.047). Dekyphosis did not affect the complication rates. Conclusion : In this study, our result elucidated that old age (≥55 years) and presence of intramedullary high signal intensity on preoperative MR images were risk factors related to poor surgical outcomes. In the meanwhile, posterior decompression with dekyphosis affected favorable clinical outcome. Posterior approach with dekyphosis procedure can be a recommendable surgical option for favorable results.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.58 no.6
• /
• pp.571-577
• /
• 2015

Direct removal of beak-type ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament at thoracic spine (T-OPLL) is a challenging surgical technique due to the potential risk of neural injury. Slipping off the cutting surface of a high-speed drill may result in entrapment in neural structures, leading to serious complications. Removal of T-OPLL with an ultrasonic osteotome, utilizing back and forth micro-motion of a blade rather than rotatory-motion of drill, may reduce such complications. We have applied the ultrasonic osteotome for posterior circumferential decompression of T-OPLL for three consecutive patients with beak-type OPLL and have described the surgical techniques and patient outcomes. The preoperative chief complaint was gait disturbance in all patients. Japanese orthopedic association scores (JOA) was used for functional assessment. Scores measured 2/11, 5/11, 2/11, and 4/11 for each patient. The ventral T-OPLL mass was exposed after posterior midline approach, laminotomy and transeversectomy. The T-OPLL mass was directly removed with an ultrasonic osteotome and instrumented segmental fixation was performed. The surgeries were uneventful. Detailed surgical techniques were presented. Gait disturbance was improved in all patients. Dural tear occurred in one patient without squeal. Postoperative JOA was 6/11, 10/11, 8/11, and 8/11 (recovery rate; 44%, 83%, 67%, and 43%) respectively at 18, 18, 10, and 1 months postoperative. T-OPLL was completely removed in all patients as confirmed with computed tomography scan. We hope that surgical difficulties in direct removal of T-OPLL might be reduced by utilizing ultrasonic osteotome.