• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.2 s.85
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• pp.275-280
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• 1998

Factors affecting protoplasts isolation and regeneration of Fomitella fraxinea were investigated. Lytic enzyme mixture of Novozym 234, Cellulase onozuka R-10 and ${\beta}-Glucuronidase$ was found to be the best for the protoplasts isolation. Osmotic stabilizer of 0.6 M sucrose was observed as the best for protoplasts isolation. The highest number of protoplasts was obtained from the F. fraxinea mycelium with lytic enzyme mixture and osmotic stabilizer that had been cultured for 3 hours. The highest regeneration rate of 0.02 % was achieved when the 0.6 M sorbitol was employed as osmotic stabilizer.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2018

In order to increase the germination speed and uniformity of tomato seeds, sonication and modified drum priming treatments were investigated to produce high quality seeds for export. Sonication treatment was performed for 5, 10 and 20minutes at an intensity of 5.2, 10.4 and 15.7kHz in water at $15^{\circ}C$. After sonication treatment, seeds were primed with water or 100mM $KNO_3$ for 4days. 40, 50 and 60% seed moisture content (SMC) of hydrated seeds were incubated for 60, 72 and 84h in a container with a relative humidity of 99% at 26rpm for a modified drum priming treatments. Germination speed were highly improved by sonication with osmotic priming. The seed treatment of osmotic priming or hydro priming after sonication or sonication without priming enhanced germination percentage (GP) on the $2^{rd}$day after sowing to 46%, 43% and 28%, respectively, while untreated seeds resulted in only 1% GP. These treatments also highly improved mean germination time (MGT) to 1.4, 1.8 and 2.6days, respectively, when compared to 3.5days MGT of untreated seeds. The modified drum priming treatment (72h incubation after 60% SMC hydration) significantly improved results of 74% GP(on the $3^{rd}$day after sowing), 2.6days MGT and $39%{\cdot}day^{-1}$ germination rate (GR), however, untreated seeds showed 19% GP, 4.1 MGT, and $25%{\cdot}day^{-1}$ GR. Although osmotic priming after sonication, hydro priming showed similar improved germination characteristics, however, modified drum priming is considered as an industrially promising treatment methods considering the shortening of the treatment period and environment-friendly aspects.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2017

In these days, wastewater reclamation and seawater desalination play essential role in addressing the challenge of worldwide water scarcity. Particularly, reverse osmosis (RO) for seawater desalination process is commonly used due to less energy consumption than conventional thermodynamic systems. However, membrane fouling and electrical energy consumption during operation of RO system for seawater desalination haver continued to be a obstruction to its application. In this study, therefore, wastewater secondary effluent is used for osmotic dilution of seawater. Firstly, fouling behaviour of RO by simulating wastewater effluent in osmotic dilution process was measured and we calculated energy consumption of overall desalination process by theoretical equations and commercial program. Our results reveal that RO membrane fouling can be efficiently controlled by pre-treatment systems such as nano filtration (NF) or forward osmosis (FO) process. Especially FO system for osmotic dilution process is a non-pressurized membrane system and, therefore, the operating energy consumption of overall desalination system was the lowest. Moreover, fouling layer on FO membrane is comparatively weak and reversible enough to be disrupted by physical cleaning. Thus, RO system with low salinity feed water through FO process is possible as a less energy consuming desalination system with efficient membrane fouling control.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1504-1512
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• 2007

The fpr gene, which encodes a ferredoxin-$NADP^+$ reductase, is known to participate in the reversible redox reactions between $NADP^+$/NADPH and electron carriers, such as ferredoxin or flavodoxin. The role of Fpr and its regulatory protein, FinR, in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 on the oxidative and osmotic stress responses has already been characterized [Lee at al. (2006). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 339, 1246-1254]. In the genome of P. putida KT2440, another Fpr homolog (FprB) has a 35.3% amino acid identity with Fpr. The fprB gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The diaphorase activity assay was conducted using purified FprB to identify the function of FprB. In contrast to the fpr gene, the induction of fprB was not affected by oxidative stress agents, such as paraquat, menadione, $H_2O_2$, and t-butyl hydroperoxide. However, a higher level of fprB induction was observed under osmotic stress. Targeted disruption of fprB by homologous recombination resulted in a growth defect under high osmotic conditions. Recovery of oxidatively damaged aconitase activity was faster for the fprB mutant than for the fpr mutant, yet still slower than that for the wild type. Therefore, these data suggest that the catalytic function of FprB may have evolved to augment the function of Fpr in P. putida KT2440.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.497-504
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of paprika dried by various methods. Moisture content of dried paprika was higher in vacuum freeze-dried red paprika (DRP) (11.85%) than in vacuum freeze-drying of osmotic dried red paprika in sugar (RPS), vacuum freeze-drying of osmotic dried red paprika in fructose (RPF) and vacuum freeze-drying of osmotic dried red paprika in corn syrup (RPCS). Carbohydrate content of DRP was the lowest among the dried groups, but fat, protein, and ash contents were the highest in DRP. The pH of paprika was the highest in RPF (5.34), while it was the lowest in DRP (5.05). Reducing sugar and sugar contents of RPF were 28.59 g/100 g and $5.03^{\circ}Brix$, respectively, which are the highest level among the groups. All color values in inside of paprika were the highest in RPCS, while in outside of paprika, L value is the highest in RPCS, and the value of a, b were the highest in RPS. Regarding the texture characteristics of paprika, strongness, hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness and brittleness were the highest in RPS (p<0.05).

• Membrane Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 1992

OSRO process was developed and it was confirmed more effective in ethanol concentrating process comparing to reverse osmosis process. It may be industrialized if more effective membrane for OSRO and reverse osmosis, which indicate the value greater than zero, it was shown that OSRO process was more effective than reverse osmosis for the ethanol concentration process. The decrease of feed concentration and flow rate and the increase of applied pressure made more effective operating conditions in OSRO process to concentrate ethanol. From the numerical esults for the multi-plates, theoretical DC values of reverse osmosis and OSRO process was increased as the umber of stages increased. DC values were increased with the increase of applied pressure in same number of stages. The theoretical values of DC by numerical calculation were corresponded to the experimental values within 15% tolerance. DC value was increased proportional to applied pressure and osmotic sink solution flow rate but it was decreased proportional to feed concentration and flow rate. The numerical calculation over the wide ranges inclading experimental condition was proposed in this study.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2009

This study evaluated the potential of utilizing the osmotic solution from dried mango processing as alternative raw material for mango wine making. Fermentation was carried out using two kinds of yeast strains Saccharomyces bayanus, Lalvin EC-1118 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lalvin D-47 at 20$^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. Physicochemical analysis during fermentation was performed for each treatment and the resulting wine samples were analyzed for color, volatiles and sensory properties. Results of physicochemical analysis between the two fermenting samples as well as the wine samples show almost similar results regardless of the yeast strains. Wine color of sample wines after storage were not significantly different at p<0.05 and when compared with a commercial mango wine. From the volatile analysis, esters and alcohols constituted majority of the compounds. Production of several esters, alcohols, acids and terpenes were affected by yeast strain used in fermentation. Results of sensory analysis showed that wines fermented by S. bayanus EC-1118 strain was more acceptable although sensory scores between the treatments and the reference wine showed significant differences in all the attributes evaluated, except for bitterness. The utilization of osmotic solution from dried mango process could produce similar properties with existing commercial mango wines although there is still need for further work on the improvement of some sensory attributes of the mango wines.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 1981

Phospholipids were examined for their capacity to protect human erythrocytes against hemolysis induced by hypotonic solution, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate or hematin. The following results were obtained. 1. Phosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl choline and phophatidyl ethanoleamine as well as chlorpromazine prevented the osmotic hemolysis of human erythrocytes which occurred due to water influx into erythrocytes from medium, but showed no effect on hematin-induced hemolysis which occurred without the volume change of erythrocytes. 2. Human erythrocytes were found to be most sensitive to the antihemolytic action of phospholipids among mammalian erythrocytes from sheep, rabbit, rat and mouse. 3. Phospholipids at the concentrations showing their strong antihemolytic effect on human erythrocytes against osmotic hemolysis had no influence on methylene blue uptake and volume change of erythrocytes in hypotonic solution. 4. Phospholipids increased erythrocyte deformability 2 to 3 times over control group and there was aclose relationship between their antihemolytic action and increase of deformability as a function of their concentrations. 5. The phospholipids increased the resistance to osmotic hemolysis of human erythrocytes by increasing membrane elasticity through their incorporation into lipid bilayer without altering glucose metabolism and water influx to erythrocytes.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2018

Background: This study aimed to investigate out the influence of drought stress on the physiological responses of Dendropanax morbifera seedlings. Methods and Results: Drought stress was induced by discontinuing water supply for 30 days. Under drought stress, photosynthetic activity was significantly reduced with decreasing soil water content (SWC), as revealed by the parameters such as Fv/Fm, maximum photosynthetic rate ($P_{N\;max}$), stomatal conductance ($g_s$), stomatal transpiration rate (E), and intercellular $CO_2$ concentration (Ci). However, water use efficiency (WUE) was increased by 2.5 times because of the decrease in $g_s$ to reduce transpiration. Particularly, E and $g_s$ were remarkably decreased when water was withheld for 21 days at 6.2% of SWC. Dendropanax morbifera leaves showed osmotic adjustment of -0.30 MPa at full turgor and -0.13 MPa at zero turgor. In contrast, the maximum bulk modulus of elasticity ($E_{max}$) did not change significantly. Thus, Dendropanax morbifera seedlings could tolerate drought stress via osmotic adjustment. Conclusions: Drought avoidance mechanisms of D. morbifera involve reduction in water loss from plants, through the control of stomatal transpiration, and reduction in cellular osmotic potential. Notably photosynthetic activity was remarkably reduced, to approximately 6% of the SWC.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1996

I have conducted two testings to find out which water is better for drinking water. First, I made 20 mM L-DOPA solutions by solving L-DOPA (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine) in tap water, Waters' mineral water and reverse osmotic water. Then I measured activities after adding Tyrosinase (purifide enzyme, step 3), which was extracted from Salanum melongena(mad apple), in each L-DOPA solution. Second, I solved 0.1, 0.5 and 0.9% salt in each 20 mM L-DOPA distilled water to measure activity of each salt solution. The results of the testings are as follows: 1. 10 minutes after adding Salanum melongena(mad apple) tyrosinase in each L-DOPA solution, activity of Waters' mineral water was 0.867 tap water 0.777 and reverse osmotic water 0.742. 2. Activity of Waters' mineral water was higher than that of tap water by 10.4% and higher then reverse osmotic by 14.4%. 3. Activity of Waters' mineral water was much higher than that of 0.9% salt water by 41.8%. 4. The optimum pH of Salanum melongena (mad apple) tyrosinase is 9.0. Most enzymes working in the human metabolism are alkaline and body fluids' pH also alkaline. In conclusion, an alkaline water is believed better than an acidic water for drinking.