• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2002

초기생애단계의 일본송사리를 실험어류로 사용하여 TCDD와 PCB 126의 생물농축정도를 비교 측정하였고, TCDD와 PCB 126의 체외 배설에 대한 동태학적 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 생물농축실험은 초기생애단계의 새끼치어 및 어린 물고기에 TCDD와 PCB 126을 여러 농도로 물에 용해시켜 96시간 동안 정체된 상태로 폭로시킨 후 생물농축계수(BCF)와 지방-표준화한 생물농축계수(BCF$_{L}$)를 측정하였다. TCDD와 PCB 126의 일본송사리 초기생애단계의 새끼치어 및 어린 물고기에서 측정된 96-h BCF값 및 96-h BCF$_{L}$값은 폭로된 농도와 상관없이 비슷하게 나타나 반면, 생체크기가 클수록 그 값은 작게 나타났다. 일본송사리 새끼치어, 어린 물고기, 성어의 생체 내 총 지방함량은 각각 5.7, 4.2, 4.6%로 측정되었다. 체외배설 동태실험은 어린 물고기에 TCDD와 PCB 126을 3가지 농도롤 물에 용해시켜 96시간 동안 정체된 상태로 폭로시킨 후, flow-through장치로 공급되는 맑은 물로 옮겨 42일간 사양하면서 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42일에 생체 내 TCDD와 PCB 126 잔류량을 측정하여 분석하였다. 배설은 1차 반응속도론적으로 이루어졌으며 한 구획모형보다 두 구획모형이 더 적합한 것으로 분석되었다. 두 구획모형을 사용한 분석에서 TCDD와 PCB 126의 체외배설 반감기(t$\frac{1}{2}$) 및 배설속도상수($\beta$)는 각각 27.2일과 32.3일 및 0.025/d와 0.021/d로 측정되었다.

• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.433-443
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• 2006

This study was performed to understand the morphological and ecological characteristics of Peridinium bipes var. occultatum Lindem., which is the organism responsible for freshwater red tides in Sangsa dam and Miryang dam reservoirs. The samples were collected from April to July 2004 when the freshwater red tides occurred. In the study, we were able to differentiate P. bipes var. occultatum from P. bipes, a closely related species, by its smaller antapical horn size. In Miryang dam reservoir the red tide occurred only within the area of the upstream, but it was well developed in all of the water area in Sangsa dam reservoir. In 2004 average LTSI (Lake Trophic Status Index; Yang and Dickman, 1993) of Miryang dam reservoir was 3.53 of mesotrophic state and Sangsa dam reservoir was 8.59 of eutrophic state. It was determined, through culture experiments under various conditions that vitamins, trace elements, phosphorus and nitrogen were important contributing factors to the growth of P. bipes var. occultatum. A rapid toxic effect of P. bipes var. occultatum on aquatic organisms such of Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes was not identified in this study.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2007

Behavioral sequences of the medaka (Oryzias latipes) were continuously investigated through an automatic image recognition system in response to medaka treated with the insecticide and medaka not treated with the insecticide, diazinon (0.1 mg/l) during a 1 hour period. The observation of behavior through the movement tracking program showed many patterns of the medaka. After much observation, behavioral patterns were divided into four basic patterns: active-smooth, active-shaking, inactive-smooth, and inactive-shaking. The "smooth" and "shaking" patterns were shown as normal movement behavior. However, the "shaking" pattern was more frequently observed than the "smooth" pattern in medaka specimens that were treated with insecticide. Each pattern was classified using classification methods after the feature choice. It provides a natural way to incorporate prior knowledge from human experts in fish behavior and contains the information in a logical expression tree. The main focus of this study was. to determine whether the decision tree could be useful for interpreting and classifying behavior patterns of the medaka.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.164-164
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• 2002

에스트로젠을 처리한 송사리의 간으로부터 choriogenin vitellogenin estrogen receptor의 발현량을 전사수준에서 Real-time을 사용하여 정량.비교하였다. 시험어종으로는 부화 후 5개월 이상된 성숙한 수컷 송사리(Oryzias latipes)를(체중 약 250mg/마리)를 사용하여 17$\beta$-estradiol(25ppt, 50ppt, 100ppt)에 24시간 노출시켰다. Fluorescence dye는 choriogenin vitellogenin estrogen receptor의 경우 FAM (6-carboxyfluorescein)을 사용하였으며, $\beta$-actin의 경우는 VIC를 사용하였다. 프로브에 사용하는 quencher dye는 TAMRA(6-carboxy-N',N',N',N'-tetramethyl rhodamine)을 사용하였다. Internal control로 사용된 $\beta$-actin은 17$\beta$-estradiol의 농도에 상관 없이 0~10pM 범위에서 일정하게 발현됨을 보여주었다. vitellogenin choriogenin L 및 choriogenin H는 17$\beta$-estradiol의 농도에 의존하여 발현이 증가되는 용량-반응양상(Dose-dependent)을 나타내었다. 반면, estrogen receptor는 모든 처리군에서 $10^{-2}$pM 정도로 발혐됨에 따라 본 시험농도의 17$\beta$-estradiol에 의해서는 거의 유도발현이 되지 않음을 보여주었다. choriogenin L, choriogenin H, vitellogenin I 및 estrogen receptor 발현감수성을 비교한 결과, 25ppt 및 50ppt의 17$\beta$-esoadiol 농도에서는 ChgL > ChgH > VTG I >ER의 순으로 감수성이 높았으며, 100ppt 노출에서는 ChgL > VTG I > Chg H > ER의 순으로 감수성이 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 choriogenin이 에스트로젠물질에 의한 가장 민감한 생체지표임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.264-271
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• 2004

An aquatic food chain was constructed to provide information of bioaccumulation of DEHP as followed: phytoplankton(Scenedesmus subspicatus) ${\rightarrow}$ zooplankton(Daphnia magna) ${\rightarrow}$ fish(Oryzias latipes). After 10 days of exposure to DEHP, the fish and culture water were analyzed for residual concentration of DEHP and BAF(Bioaccumulation Factor) was determined. In addition, BCF(Bioconcentration Factor) was calculated in exposure tank in which fish were only exposed DEHP by culture water. These experiments provide the relative importance between BAF and BCF. In this study, BCF and BAF did not show any significant difference. Another work in this study was model construction and application to investigate the effect of food chain structure to BAF in higher organism (fish). The model constructed in this study considered the biological characteristics of DEHP such as metabolic parameters, as well as the chemical characteristics such as solubility. This model could be used in prediction of bioaccumulation level in dependent of various food chain structures, when the target organisms or chemicals would be changed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 1997

Low toxic concentrated oil dispersant using n-Paraffin and Di(ethylene glycol)mono butylether mixed solvent was prepared, and tested by oil dispersant performance test method, and oil dispersant efficiency was measured using vertical shaking method to 3 kinds of Crude oil, Bunker oil and W/O emulsions with different physical properties by appling the prepared dispersant. Although toxicity test was performed with Flat fish and Rock fish by appling the mixed oils emulsified using prepared oil dispersant, couldn't find the toxicity to them. Concentrated oil dispersant prepared has a good dispersion efficiency of 97.2% after 0.5min settling time and 28.3% after 10min settling time to Bunker B oil with 10% water solution. Especially, the concentrated oil dispersant showing the low toxicity to Oryzias Latipes(24hr, TLm) was 54,000 ppm and to Brine Shrimp Artemia(24hr, TLm) was 51,000ppm, and also, it was completely biodegradated to 99.1% after $7{\sim}8$days.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2022

The escape behavior of prey fish to predator attack is directly linked to the survival of the fish. In this study, I explored the escape behavior of Medaka fish to bird attacks. To simulate the attack, I designed a model triangular-shaped bird to slide along a fishing line connected between rods at both ends of the tank. The triangular shape was set to 10×15 (S=1), 15×20 (S=2), and 20×25 cm (S=3) with base×height. The slope (θ) of the fishing line, which determines the attack speed of the model bird, was set to values of 15° (θ=1), 30° (θ=2), and 45° (θ=3). The escape behavior was characterized using five variables: escape speed (ν), escape acceleration (α), responsiveness (γ), branch length similarity entropy (ε), and alignment (ϕ). The experimental results showed when (S, θ)=(fixed, varied), the change in values of the five variables were not significant. Thus, the fish respond more sensitively to S than to θ In contrast, when (S, θ)=(varied, fixed), ν, α, and γ showed increasing trends but ε and ϕ did not change much. This indicates the nature of fish escape behavior irrespective of the threat is inherent in ε and ϕ. I found that fish escape behavior can be divided into two types for the five physical quantities. In particular, the analysis showed that the type was mainly determined by the size of the model bird.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 1986

This study was performed to determine the aquatic toxicity of 3 chemicals(butachlor, trichlorfon, and BPMC) to 3 teat organisms (fish, crustacean, and algae) which represent each trophic level in freshwater ecosystem, and to compare the sensitivity of these organisms to 3 chemicals with short-term test. Scenedesmus subspicatus, unicellular algae, was the most sensitive species of 3 organisms to butachlor and the ratio between least and most sensitive organisms was 5.7. Moina rectirostris, freshwater invertebrate, was also more sensitive organism than S. subspicatus and Oryzias latipes to trichlorfon and BPMC, and their ratios were 260,000 and 5,090. As a result, remarkable differences were observed in the sensitivities among the test organisms with different chemical structure and mode of action of the chemicals. Therefore, it is recommended that a set of tests on different species, including the representative species of fish, invertebrate, and algae, should be required in short-term aquatic toxicity test for chemicals introduced into the Korean environment.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.225-235
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• 2007

The freshwater fish fauna and physical characteristics of streams in Yeosu peninsula and Geumo Islands were surveyed at thirty nine stations in the period of 2003 and 2005. Most of the streams were short in length and narrow in flowing water width. Main materials of riverbed in most stations were cobble, pebble and gravel; those in the stations adjacent river mouth gravel and sand. In the river type, eighteen stations out of surveyed stations were upstream type: Aa. Thirty nine fish species belonging sixteen families were caught in this survey region. Among them twenty seven species were primary freshwater fishes and nine were peripheral. In the species composition of each family, there were the most species in Cyprinidae and Gobiidae, twelve and ten species, respectively. Endemic species of Korean peninsula in this region were eight species. One exotic fish species, Lepomis macrochirus was found in Yeosu peninsula. Dominant species in each district was Zacco temminckii in Yeosu peninsula, Rhinogobius brunneus in Dolsan Island, Leucopsarion petersii in Geumo island and Oryzias latipes in Gae island. In the analysis of community structure, it was appeared that the community of Yeosu peninsula was the most diverse and stable in this region; as the size of island became smaller, diversity and richness of community decreased. Kichulchoia brevifasciata did not caught in this survey, and it is possible that the species was extincted in this island. Acanthorhodeus gracilis and L. petersii were reported firstly in this region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.42-51
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of environment-friendliness of Root Barrier materials based on comprehensive experiments on harmfulness of Root Barrier materials and fish toxicity of Oryzias latipes mortality to verify eco-toxicity of each method of construction and Root Barrier material, which are to be applied by taking eco-toxicity into account when building ecological flows in upper areas on natural and artificial grounds. As a result, the following conclusions have been reached in this study: 1. In regard of the harmfulness analyzed, each material showed a different result of analytical value in each lab tank. Compared to lab tank, pH (la), DO (lb), T-N (VI) and T-coli (la) were in the same grade, but COD, SS, T-P and F-coli were less than that of control, respectively increased or decreased by material were analyzed. 2. In the experiment of fish toxicity, Barrier sheet was found to have 66.7% of fish mortality, indicating strong fish toxicity. Synthetic rubber system root barrier sheet (20.0%) was analyzed to have medium fish toxicity, while Synthetic resin system root barrier-waterproof sheet (3.3%), Synthetic rubber system membrane root barrier sheet (3.3%) and Synthetic resin system root barrier sheet (0.0%) showed relatively lower mortality and fish toxicity. To sum up such results as found in the experiment mentioned so far, the values of harmfulness and root penetration resistance analyzed were different in each lab tank, but there was absolutely little correlation with the mortality gained from the experiment on fish toxicity. In the experiment of fish toxicity, environment-friendly root barrier materials were analyzed, and it was found that Synthetic resin system root barrier sheet, Synthetic resin system root barrier waterproof sheet and Synthetic rubber system membrane root barrier sheet are highly environment-friendly. In contrast, Synthetic rubber system root barrier sheet was found to have medium-level environment-friendliness. Also, Barrier sheet was analyzed to have low environment-friendliness.