• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.858-868
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary yeast hydrolysate (YH) supplementation on intestinal morphology, barrier, and anti-inflammatory functions of broilers. Methods: A total of 320 one day old male broilers were randomly allocated into four groups with eight replicates of ten broilers each. The broilers were supplemented with a basal diet (the control group) or basal diets adding 50, 100, 150 mg/kg YH, respectively. This trial lasted for 42 days. The orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to determine the linear and quadratic effects of increasing levels of YH. Results: In our previous research, supplementing YH improved growth performance by enhancing body weight gain but decreased feed-to-gain ratio. In this study, compared with the control group, dietary YH addition linearly and quadratically decreased serum diamine oxidase activity (p<0.05). Additionally, supplementing YH linearly and/or quadratically decreased jejunal crypt depth (CD), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentration as well as mucin 2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, TNF-α, nuclear factor kappa B, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 gene expression levels (p<0.05). Whereas the jejunal villus height (VH), VH/CD, IL-10 concentration as well as zonula occludens-1 and IL-10 gene expression levels were linearly and/or quadratically increased by YH supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary YH supplementation improved intestinal morphology, barrier and anti-inflammatory functions while decreased intestinal permeability of broilers, which might be related with altering pertinent genes expression. This study provides evidence of YH as a promising feed additive for broilers.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2011

Recently, ToA and TDoA estimation are favorable among all of estimation techniques because they have the best accuracy in estimating position. ToA and TDoA estimation are typical techniques based on time. So, it is important to have the time syncronization and offset between a target node and several reference nodes. If they don't have the time syncronization between a reference node and target node or have a time offset among reference nodes, the positioning error will increase due to the ranging error. The conventional positioning algorithm does not have a accurate device's position because ranging error is added the calc dation of the position. In this paper, we propose a hybrid method of ToA and TDoA ll increase due. We use MHP pulse that has orthogonal pulse instead of the existing pulse to transmit and receive pulses between a target node and reference nodes. We can estimate the target node's position by ToA and TDoA estimation to transmit and receive MHP pulses only once. When the proposed Hybrid method iteratively calculate the distance, we can select the ranging technique to have more accurate position. The simulation results confirm the enhancement of the Hybrid method.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1986

A magnetic quadrupole doublet was fabricated for use at the pre-target position of SNU 1.5MV Van de Graaff accelerator and then its optical characteristics were measured and analysed. The physical dimensions are: pole length 180mm, aperture radius 25mm, pole tip radius 28.75mm. Material for poles and return yokes is carbon steel KS-SM40C. Coils have 480 turns per one pole and air-cooling is adopted. Applying the d.c. current 2.99$\pm$0.03A to the lens, and using the Hall probe, magnetic field elements $B_{\theta}$ , $B_{\gamma}$, were measured at the selected Points along each coordinate direction r,$\theta$, z. From the area integration and orthogonal polynomial fitting for the measured data, the magnetic Field gradient G=566.3$\pm$2.1 gauss/cm at lens center, the effective length L=208.3$\pm$1.44mm along the lens axis have been obtained. The harmonic contents were determined up to 20-pole from the generalized least squares fitting. The results indicate that sextupole/quadrupole is below 1.4$\pm$0.9% and all the other multipoles are below 0.5% in the region within 18mm radius at the center of lens.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.353-365
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• 2024

Rumen cannulation is a surgical technique used to collect rumen contents from ruminants. However, rumen cannulation surgery may potentially impact the composition of the rumen microbiota. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal alterations in the rumen microbiota composition of Hanwoo steers after cannulation surgery. In this study, eight Hanwoo steers were used; four steers underwent rumen cannulation surgery (cannulation group), while the remaining four were left intact (control group). Rumen samples were collected from all eight steers using the stomach tubing method on the day before surgery (day 0) and on postoperative days 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, and 28, resulting in 80 samples (10 timepoints × 8 animals). The microbiota of all 80 samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology version 2 (QIIME2). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in all major phyla and most major genera representing at least 0.5% of total sequences across all 80 samples between the control and cannulation groups on the preoperative and postoperative days. However, while the alpha diversity indices did not differ (p > 0.05) between the two groups on the preoperative day, they significantly differed (p < 0.05) between the two groups on the postoperative days. Further, the overall microbial distribution based on both unweighted and weighted principal coordinate analysis plots significantly differed (p < 0.05) between the two groups on both the preoperative and postoperative days. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts indicated that major genera and microbial diversity in the cannulation group decreased following surgery but returned to their initial states by postoperative day 28. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that rumen cannulation surgery affects some major taxa and microbial diversity, suggesting that the rumen cannulation method can alter the composition of rumen microbiota in Hanwoo steers.