• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2003

This paper investigates the micro-cutting of cemented carbides using PCD (polycrystalline diamond) and PCBN (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) cutting tools are performed with SEM direct observation method. The purpose of this study is to make clear the cutting mechanism of cemented carbides and the fracture of WC particles at the plastic deformation zone in orthogonal micro-cutting. And also to achieve systematic understanding, the effect of machining parameter on chip formation and machined surface was studied, including cutting speed, depth of cut and various tool rake angle. Summary of the results are shown below. (1) Three type of chip formation process have been proposed by the results of the direct observation in orthogonal micro-cutting of cemented carbide materials. (2) From the whole observation of chip formation, primary WC particles are crushed and/or fine grained in the shearing deformation zone. A part of them are observed to collide directly with a cutting edge of tool by following the micro-cutting. (3) Surface finish, surface morphology and surface integrity is good to obtain by cutting with PCD cutting tool compared with PCBN. (4) The machined surface has the best quality near the low cutting speed of 10${\mu}m$/sec with a cutting depth of 10 ${\mu}m$ using 0$^\circ$ rake angle and 3$^\circ$ flank angle in this condition, but it was found that excessively low speed, for example the extent of 1 ${\mu}m$/sec, is not good enough to select for various reason.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.106-111
• /
• 2014

Welding is very popular method for joining two or more metals. However, welding causes residual stress and distortion and these give a bad influence to the structure strength. In this paper, TIG welding technique was performed to investigate the joint characteristics of AISI321 steel. For its evaluation, the orthogonal array method and variance analysis were applied with three factors of electric current, travel speed and argon gas and also three levels of each factor to tensile tests for optimum design. From the results, the increaser weld speed the narrower bead width and the lower weld penetration. The increaser electric current the brighter argon gas and the wider bead width. Also weld speed influenced most on the tensile strength and presumption range of tensile strength at optimal condition from reliability 95% was estimated to $635.02{\pm}14.64$. In addition the increaser weld speed and electric current the fracture occurred around bead vicinity.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2003

Pantograph design Process must be considered in terms of stability of aerodynamics and reduction of aeroacoustics. Furthermore pantograph needs to be insensible to severe circumstance condition like typhoon, tunnel, a change of season. In this paper, robust design of panhead sections is conducted based on the Taguchi's design of experiment method. In the aeroacoustic noise analysis, an acoustic analogy using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings(FW-H) equation is used to calculate the flow induced sound pressure level in aeroacoustics. From the near-field CFD analysis data, the far-field noise is predicted at the positions of 25 m away from Pantograph. Based on aerodynamic(CFD) and aeroacoustic(FW-H) analysis data, the optimal sizing and Positioning of panhead elements are determined using robust design optimization method. Design parameters such as thickness, length and radius are controllable factors, while outdoor air temperature and atmospheric pressure are considered as uncontrollable factors in the context of Taguchi's approach. A number of CFD simulation and aeroacoustic analysis are performed based on orthogonal arrays. In this paper, two-step optimization method is used as a parameter design procedure. It is executed using signal to noise(S/N) ratio and analysis of means(ANOM) method. So Thus, an optimal level of design parameters Is extracted to minimize the disconnection ration between contact strips and catenary system, and reduce the far-field aeroacoustic noise.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제28권10호
• /
• pp.1196-1203
• /
• 2011

Statistical optimum methodology of table of orthogonal array, ANOM, ANOVA and RSM are applied to formulate optimum allocation design with design variables. It can be minimized average SPL of control volume, the objective function in closed system by optimal allocated positions of absorbing material. Structural natural frequency and acoustic natural frequency of cavity are analyzed by FEM and BEM in the closed system. Using BEM, average SPL of specific control volume is calculated according to the condition before using absorbing material and after using it. It is shown that noise is reduced by $5.02dB_{RMS}$ by absorbing material located at optimal position and minimum $1.83dB_{RMS}$ and maximum $3.47dB_{RMS}$ by the table of orthogonal array.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2000

이 논문에서는 길쌈부호화한 비트들을 서로 직교하며 겹치는 부채널로 보내는 다중반송파 방식을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템, 곧 길쌈 부호화 직교 다중반송파 직접수열 부호분할 다중접속 시스템이 주파수 다양성을 쓰는 시스템보다 훨씬 뛰어난 성능을 가짐을 보인다. 그뿐만 아니라 정보율과 쓸 수 있는 대역폭이 같으면 제안한 시스템이 거의 겹침이 없는 다중반송파 직접수열 부호분할 다중접속 시스템보다 좋은 성능을 가짐을 보인다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제35권4C호
• /
• pp.401-407
• /
• 2010

본 논문은 OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) 시스템에서 PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) 감소 기법으로 복잡도가 낮은 컴팬딩 (companding) 기법을 고려한다. 기존의 컴팬딩 함수는 시스템 요구 사항에 따라 설계하기 어렵고 비트오류율 성능 열화가 매우 큰 단점이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 임의의 최대 PAPR 값을 제공하고 그에 따라 비트오류율 성능이 점진적으로 바뀌는 스케일러블 컴팬딩 함수를 제안한다. 제안하는 컴팬딩 함수는 시스템이 요구하는 PAPR 성능과 비트오류율 성능에 따라 쉽게 설계할 수 있으며, 모의실험 결과 같은 PAPR 조건에서 기존의 클리핑이나 $\mu$-low 기법보다 우수한 비트오류율 성능을 제공함을 볼 수 있다.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.301-328
• /
• 2017

Multivariate fluctuating pressures acting on a 2:1 rectangular section (2-D) with dimensions of 9 cm by 4.5 cm has been studied using wind tunnel experiments under uniform and smooth flow condition for various angles of wind incidence. Based on the variation of mean pressure coefficient distributions along the circumference of the rectangular section with angle of wind incidence, and with the aid of skin friction coefficients, three distinct flow regimes with two transition regimes have been identified. Further, variations of mean drag and lift coefficients, Strouhal number with angles of wind incidence have been studied. The applicability of Universal Strouhal number based on vortex street similarity of wakes in bluff bodies to the 2:1 rectangular section has been studied for different angles of wind incidence. The spatio-temporal correlation features of the measured pressure data have been studied using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technique. The contribution of individual POD modes to the aerodynamic force components, viz, drag and lift, have been studied. It has been demonstrated that individual POD modes can be associated to different physical phenomena, which contribute to the overall aerodynamic forces.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.184-193
• /
• 2011

Tailored for wireless local area networks, the present paper proposes a cross-layer resource allocation scheme for multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems. Our cross-layer resource allocation scheme consists of three stages. Firstly, the condition of sharing the subchannel by more than one user is studied. Secondly, the subchannel allocation policy which depends on the data packets' lengths and the admissible combination of users per subchannel is proposed. Finally, the bits and corresponding power are allocated to users based on a greedy algorithm and the data packets' lengths. The analysis and simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme not only achieves significant improvement in system throughput and average packet delay compared with conventional schemes but also has low computational complexity.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.565-582
• /
• 2015

This paper is concerned with the dynamic analysis of simply-supported steel-concrete composite beams under moving loads. Considering the interface slip between steel girder and concrete slab, the governing motion equations are derived from the direct balanced method. By variable separation approach, the analytical solution of natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained, as well as the orthogonal conditions. Then the dynamic responses of the composite beam under moving loads are analyzed, and compared with the experimental results. The analysis results show that the governing motion equations become more complicated when interface slip is taken into account, and the dynamic behaviors are significantly influenced by the shear connection stiffness. In the dynamic calculation of composite beams, the global stiffness should not be reduced as the same factor to all orders, but as different ones according to the dynamic stiffness reduction factor (DSRF), to which should be paid more attention in calculation, design and experiment, or else great deviation is inevitable.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.665-688
• /
• 2011

This paper presents a theoretical analysis for the free vibration of rectangular tanks partially filled with an ideal liquid. Wet dynamic displacements of the tanks are approximated by combining the orthogonal polynomials satisfying the boundary conditions, since the rectangular tanks are composed of four rectangular plates. The classical boundary conditions of the tanks at the top and bottom ends are considered, such as clamped, simply supported, and clamped-free boundary conditions. As the facing rectangular plates are assumed to be geometrically and structurally identical, the vibration modes of the facing plates of the tanks can be divided into two categories: symmetric and antisymmetric modes with respect to the planes passing through the center of the tanks and perpendicular to the free liquid surface. The liquid displacement potentials satisfying the Laplace equation and liquid boundary conditions are derived, and the wet dynamic modal functions of a quarter of the tanks can be expanded by the finite Fourier transform for compatibility requirements along the contacting surfaces between the tanks and liquid. An eigenvalue problem is derived using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Consequently, the wet natural frequencies of the rectangular tanks can be extracted. The proposed analytical method is verified by observing an excellent agreement with three-dimensional finite element analysis results. The effects of the liquid level and boundary condition at the top and bottom edges are investigated.