• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.438-444
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate temperature effect on seed germination behaviors and seed viability changes by drying periods of three Ulmus species (Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai, U. pumila L., and U. parvifolia Jacq.) distributed in Korea. Statistical analysis showed that temperature had a significant effect on mean germination time in three Ulmus species, but its effect on germination percentage was only shown in U. parvifolia (p<0.01). U. davidiana var. japonica and U. pumila germinated relatively consistent in all temperature conditions, especially the latter showed high germination behaviors in low temperatures (10-15$^{\circ}C$). U. parvifolia germinated well in high temperature (25$^{\circ}C$), while this species rarely germinated in low temperature conditions (10-20$^{\circ}C$). The results confirm that seeds of U. pumila and U. parvifolia are orthodox seeds which can be stored under 4-8% moisture condition, and U. davidiana var. japonica seed is recalcitrant seed which is difficult to store for a long time. In conclusion, these differences of the germination behaviors for three Ulmus species seem to be adaptive regimes of their natural habitats, respectively.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.311-322
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• 2016

Since forest trees form the basis of forest ecosystem, their prolong subsistence is crucial for various flora and fauna. The foremost challenges to sustain the forest ecosystem comprise of the declining forest tree population accompanied with structural changes due to afforestation and exploitation of forest area, environment changes, pests, pollution, and introgressive hybridization. For ex situ conservation approach, in vitro techniques encompass basic role for conserving tree genetic resources, predominantly where natural propagules like recalcitrant seed might not be appropriate for long-term conservation. The practice includes restricted growth techniques, conventional micropropagation, production and storage of synthetic seeds, and cryopreservation. Even though these practices have been applied chiefly to herbaceous species, but recently, woody species were also focused upon. Key conceptions, challenges and techniques for forest tree seed conservation are discussed briefly in this review with special emphasis on some successful cryopreservation approaches for long-term storage.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2017

There is little information about the seed longevity of wild plants, although seed bank storage is an important tool for biodiversity conservation. This study was conducted to predict the seed viability equation of Agastache rugosa. The A. rugosa seeds were stored at moisture contents ranging from 2.7 to 12.5%, and temperatures between 10 and $50^{\circ}C$. Viability data were fitted to the seed viability equation in a one step and two step approach. The A. rugosa seeds showed orthodox seed storage behaviour. The viability constants were $K_E=6.9297$, $C_W=4.2551$ $C_H=0.0329$, and $C_Q=0.00048$. The P85 of A. rugosa seeds was predicted to 152 years under standard seed bank conditions. The P85 predicted by seed viability equation can be used as basic information for optimization of seed storage processes.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.267-288
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• 2010

The collapse of housing market bubble in United States had a considerable impact on the world economy. The collapse of housing market bubble in United States generates the global financial crisis at the worldwide level. The housing market bubble question the efficacy of fundamental proposition of orthodox economics based on the rationality of human choice. According to neuroeconomics and neuroscience, emotion and affect play the important role in purchasing the commodity in retails market. On the basis of the neuroeconomics, this study focuses on the role of affect and emotion in the purchase of subprime loan in United States. Robert Schiller suggests that one of the causes of housing market bubble is the contagion effect of human belief in the society. The structure of this paper is as follows. First, this study investigates the mechanism of human brain and role of various neurons to influence the human behavior in the purchase of house in United States, such as Dophamine neuron and mirroring neuron. Second, this study shows the possibility that the mirror neuron might explain the contagion of human belief in housing transaction market. It can be a seed of housing market bubble. Furthermore, this study show the implications of neuroeconomics is suggestive to the negotiation process in commercial policy in United States.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2019

본 연구는 국내 자생 국화과의 산국속 3종을 대상으로 국립백두대간수목원 시드뱅크 내 장기저장 가능성을 확인하고자 수행되었다. 국화과 3종의 종자는 경북 봉화군 춘양면에서 2017년 11월에 채종한 후 선별하였다. 종자는 저장조건별($-20^{\circ}C$, 40%RH /$5^{\circ}C$, 30%RH /$15^{\circ}C$, 15%RH) 12주간 저장하여 2주단위로 발아실험을 실시하였다. 발아실험은 광12시간으로 25/15(12/12h)$^{\circ}C$ 변온조건으로 진행하였다. 종자는 10립 3반복으로 1% Agar배지에 치상하여 유근이 1mm 이상 출현한 것을 발아립으로 정의하였다. 평균발아율(GP)과 발아속도(MGT)를 조사하였다. 구절초를 조건별 2주 저장 후 평균발아율과 평균발아일수를 조사한 결과 $-20^{\circ}C/5^{\circ}C/15^{\circ}C$에서 각각 100%, $4.0{\pm}0.09$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $3.7{\pm}0.08$일 / $93.3{\pm}3.33%$, $3.6{\pm}0.11$일로 조사 되었으며 12주 저장 후 100%, $4.1{\pm}0.27$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.4{\pm}0.21$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $3.7{\pm}0.13$일로 조사되어 저장 후 발아율의 감소를 보이지 않았으며 $5^{\circ}C$ 저장에서 평균발아일수가 길어지는 경향을 보였다. 포천구절초의 경우 $-20^{\circ}C/5^{\circ}C/15^{\circ}C$에서 각각 $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.4{\pm}0.36$일 / 100%, $4.2{\pm}0.09$일 / $93.3{\pm}6.67%$, $4.1{\pm}0.22$일로 조사 되었으며 12주 저장 후 $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.2{\pm}0.30$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.2{\pm}0.15$일 / 100%, $4.0{\pm}0.09$일로 조사 되어 저장 전 후 차이를 확인 할 수 없었다. 한라구절초의 경우 $-20^{\circ}C/5^{\circ}C/15^{\circ}C$에서 각각 $93.3{\pm}3.33%$, $3.4{\pm}0.10$일 / $93.3{\pm}3.33%$, $3.7{\pm}0.08$일 / $93.3{\pm}6.67%$, $3.8{\pm}0.02$일로 조사 되었으며 12주 저장 후 $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.0{\pm}0.21$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.2{\pm}0.03$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $3.8{\pm}0.09$일로 조사되어 발아율이 소폭 상승하는 경향을 보였다. 산국속 3종의 종자는 12주 저장 후 기간 및 저장조건에 따른 평균발아율과 발아속도에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 산국속 3종 구절초, 포천구절초, 한라구절초의 종자는 저장기간 및 조건에 대해 민감한 반응을 보이지 않아 장기저장이 가능한 진정종자(Orthodox seed)로 판단된다.