• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1692-1700
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• 2017

Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt in a wide variety of host plant species and produces a melanin-like blackish-brown pigment in stationary phase when grown in minimal medium supplemented with tyrosine. To study melanin production regulation in R. solanacearum, five mutants exhibiting overproduction of melanin-like pigments were selected from a transposon (Tn) insertion mutant library of R. solanacearum SL341. Most of the mutants, except one (SL341T), were not complemented by the original gene or overproduced melanins. SL341T showed Tn insertion in a gene containing a conserved domain of eukaryotic transcription factor. The gene was annotated as a hypothetical protein, given its weak similarity to any known proteins. Upon complementation with its original gene, the mutant strains reverted to their wild-type phenotype. SL341T produced 3-folds more melanin at 72 h post-incubation compared with wild-type SL341 when grown in minimal medium supplemented with tyrosine. The chemical analysis of SL341T cultural filtrate revealed the accumulation of a higher amount of homogentisate, a major precursor of pyomelanin, and a lower amount of dihydroxyphenylalanine, an intermediate of eumelanin, compared with SL341. The expression study showed a relatively higher expression of hppD (encoding hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) and lower expression of hmgA (encoding homogentisate dioxygenase) and nagL (encoding maleylacetoacetate isomerase) in SL341T than in SL341. SL341 showed a significantly higher expression of tyrosinase gene compared with SL341T at 48 h post-incubation. These results indicated that R. solanacearum produced both pyomelanin and eumelanin, and the novel hypothetical protein is involved in the negative regulation of melanin production.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.133-138
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• 1983

유채에 있어서 유묘의 저온감응 처리가 하계고온포장에서의 좌지 방지에 미치는 효과를 조사하여 유채 세대단축 기술의 보완과 우량종자의 비격리 순수채종 방안을 검토코자 시험을 실시하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유채 유묘의 저온록체 춘화처리후 하계고온의 일반포장조건에서 재배했을 때 추태, 개화단축 효과는 조생, 중생종에서 추태까지 34일, 개화까지 52일 소요했으며 만생종은 추태까지 44일, 개화까지는 73일을 소요했다. 2. 성숙까지의 전생육기간에서는 조생, 중생종들이 85-88일이 필요했으며 만생종에서는 108일이 소요되어 표준재배 227-240일 보다는 67%-55% 단축할 수 있었다. 3. Winter형의 B.napus에서 5월 이후의 고온재배에서는 전부 좌지하던 것이 국내품종도 록체춘화저온처리에서는 모든 공시품종이 완전 추태ㆍ개화, 성숙할 수 있었다. 4. 저온록체 처리후 하계고온재배시의 유채 주요형질들은 초장, 수장에 있어서 보통기재배보다 50% 내외로 빈약하였으며 수량형질인 분지수와 1수협수에서는 특히 적어서 보통재배시의 1/10 정도로 분지수 2-3개, 협수 4-7협에 불과했다. 5. 그러나 결실립수, 결실비율, 1,000립중 등에서는 다소 표준추파재배보다 떨어지나 큰 차이는 없었다. 6. 저온처리 하계고온 재배시의 주당종실중과 10a당 수량성에서는 1주당 8.8g으로 표준재배의 34.5g의 26%밖에 되지 않으며 10a당 수량성은 평균 53kg로 표준추파재배의 230kg에 비해 23%에 불과하였다. 7. 수량성이 10a당 불과 53kg 내외이긴하나 이같은 채종량은 육묘이식으로 100㏊ 이상의 (1,000배 증식율) 배경면적에 보급 증식할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 혼매원이 없는 하계재배로 강실, 격리재배를 하지 않고도 순정한 채종이 가능하게 되었다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2002

The following is a list of morphologic and genetic characteristics of Pinellia tuber. 1. The original plant of Pinellia tuber is Pinellia ternata$(T_{HUNB})$$B_{REIT}$. With regards to its external morphology, it is smaller than other Araceae species and its spadix is longer than its leaves, which trifurcate. 2. As regards its internal morphology, its mucous cell is elliptical and the vessel is helical or annular-shaped. Granules exist in abundance and in various shapes. 3. Distribution and size of laticifers are the key criteria on which to differentiate between domestic and imported Pinellia tuber. Laticifers are mainly distributed in the epidermis in domestic Pinellia tuber and in the cortical parenchyma in imported Pinellia tuber. The size of laticifers is somewhere between 1,3 and $8{\mu}m$ in diameter in imported Pinellia tuber bigger than its domestic counterpart. 4. RAPD markers display a great similarity in bands between domestic and Chinese Pinellia tuber. However, RAPD primers 352, 358, 365, 368 and 374 are distinctive markers for domestic Pinellia tuber. In the meantime, North Korean Pinellia tuber, morphologically similar to domestic Pinellia tuber, is genertically distinctive from its domestic counterpart in primers 354, 358, 365, 368, 374 and 379, a finding that supports the postulation that North Korean Pinellia tuber is tuber of another Araceae species.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is correct the scientific name of Aquilariae Lignum in Korean Herbal Pharmacoepia. Methods : The production areas of Aquilariae Lignum and its trading status with China in Chinese history, Sanscrit-Chinese Translation Sutra, Naming year and the discovered district in main Aquilaria spp., Several nation's Pharmacoepia, The Plant List(TPL), Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild fauna and flora(CITES) and The International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) were cross-checked. Results : The records in the Jiaozhouyiwuzhi written in the early 2nd century said that Aquilariae Lignum was produced in Vietnam. NanfangCaomuZhuang written in 304 said that Agarwood in Vietnam had white flowers. Vietnam had led production and trading of Aquilariae Lignum until Qing Dynasty. Aquilariae Lignum from Malaysia and Indonesia was not traded with China. In Sanscrit-Chinese Translation Sutra, India Aquilariae Lignum was translated as Vietnam Aquilariae Lignum. Aquilaria malaccensis was discovered from Malay-Peninsular in 1783, and has green or dirty yellow flowers. A. agallocha from North-Eastern India in 1814, white flowers. A. crasssna from Vietnam in 1914, white flowers. A. crassna is different from A. malaccensis in several ways, such as flower, fruit, seed and disribution. In several Nation's Pharmacoepia, A. crassna was a synonym of A. agallocha. But in TPL, CITES and IUCN, A. malaccensis was an accepted name, and A. agallocha was a synonym of A. malaccensis. Conclusions : These results show that the original species of Aquilariae Lignum in Korea Herbal Pharmacoepia should be reversed from A. agallocha to A. crassna Pierre ex Lacomte.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.111-127
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• 2004

This paper is mainly on the rsearch of the prescriptions of "Sanbeon-bang(刪 繁方)". For the research of prescription, investigated "Sanbeon-bang" from the side of symptoms of a disease, number of drugstuffs, table of contents, drugstuffs and acupuncture and moxibustion. With these investigation, made out a few tables, and with these tables made an attempt to understand the whole prescriptions of "Sanbeon-bang". "Sanbeon-bang" is of rich contents in internal medicine. Among internal medicine, related to Oro-Yukgeuk-Chilsang(五勞-六極-七傷) was most abundant. So we can guess "Sanbeon-bang" was a medical book specialized in exhaustion syndromes. It also deals with the Samcho-syndromes, as investigate from medical comments, has the perfect system of prescription in relative. From the investigation of the combination of drugstuffs, ascertained that, the number of simple prescription composed of one drugstuff was 38, combinational prescription composed of two drugstuffs was 9, minor prescription composed of three to five drugstuffs was 47, midum prescription composed of six to ten drugstuffs was 95, major prescription composed of eleven to twenty drugstuffs was 45, and mixed prescription composed over twenty drugstuffs was 1. Mentionable unique prescriptions in internal use were the forms of keeping in mouth. In external use they were fumigants, suppositories, powdered medicines, spraying the granular medication into the nasal cavity and eyedrops. And were abundant in soft extract(ointment) and plaster. In addition, there were the recordings of 18 types of cellulitis, types of incurable cellulitis and curing an illness by a charm. By the way, when comparing "Sanbeon-bang" with "Cheongeum-bang", all of which was quoted a lot in "Oedaebiyo-bang", "Cheongeum-bang" rather took medical comments of "Sanbeon-bang" than prescription. Although there were some prescriptons in "Sanbeon-bang" at the same category, "Cheongeum-bang" took another prescriptions which are more complexed than those of "Sanbeon-bang". In the same way, when comparing "Cheongeum-bang" with "Sonjinin-Cheongeum-bang(孫眞人千金方)", which didn't go through the correction of GyojeongUiseoguk of Bug-Song goverment, "Cheongeum-bang" often didn't take the prescriptions of "Sonjinin-Cheongeum-bang". Hence we can guess, "Cheongeumyo-bang" may have added a lot of prescriptions when undergoing the correction of of GyojeongUiseoguk. The total number of species of drugstuffs in "Sanbeon-bang" from the investigation was 284. The plant drugs were 208 species, the animal were 31 species, the minerals were 19 species and the other were 26 species. The prescriptions related to acupuncture and moxibustion in "Sanbeon-bang" were only moxibustional prescriptions. Which appeared one time per exhaustion and steaming of bone syndrome, Oro-Yukgeuk-Chilsang and Samcho syndrome. Appeared six times in muscle syndromes. But I cannot imagine the original form of acupuncture and moxibustion in "Sanbeon-bang" for deficiency of data.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2017

한국에서 가지 흰가루병균으로 Erysiphe cichoracearum, Leveillula taurica, Sphaerotheca fusca 모두 3종이 기록되어 있다. E. cichoracearum은 1969년에 기록된 이후 한국에서 발생하는 가지 흰가루병균으로 여긴다. 1998년에는 L. taurica가 가지 뒷면흰가루병균으로 기록되었으나, 이후에 추가적인 발생기록은 없었다. 2002년에는 S. fusca가 가지 흰가루병균으로 보고되었다. 필자들은 총22점의 가지 흰가루병균 시료를 채집하여 현미경 관찰 및 염기서열 분석을 실시하였으며, 그 결과 모두 Podosphaera xanthii로 동정하였다. 따라서 한국에서 가지흰가루병균은 P. xanthii로 표기하는 것이 옳으며, 시설재배에서 드물게 발견되는 L. taurica는 뒷면흰가루병균으로 구별하는 것이 맞다. 반면에, E. cichoracearum (= Golovinomyces cichoracearum)은 가지 흰가루병균으로 표본이 보존되지 않았으며 이후에 채집되지도 않았다. 더구나 가지에서 기록한 E. cichoracearum의 기재는 일반적인 형태적 변이의 폭을 크게 벗어난다. 따라서 E. cichoracearum 흰가루병균의 존재에 대한 과거의 기록은 오류로 생각된다. 결국 P. xanthii가 한국의 가지에서 발병하는 흰가루병의 주요 병원균으로 판단되며, L. taurica는 드물게 발생되었던 것으로 판단된다. 이 총설에서는 가지 흰가루병균의 역사와 최신 분류체계에 대하여 자세히 기록하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.431-443
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• 2012

Wind holes or air holes, from which cool air blows out during the summer, but mild air comes out during the winter, have provided the phytogeographically important refugia for cryophilous or cold-loving boreal flora during the Holocene period. At present, wind holes are serving as a faraway disjunctive habitat for Pleistocene relict glacial floristic elements, and present an invaluable information to reconstruct the natural history. Present work aims to collate the nationwide distribution and relevant DB on the potential wind holes of Korea based upon media and literature sources, along with geographical informations, such as place name, topographic map, environmental geographical information, flora, monitoring data of Korea National Arboretum, and field survey data. Geographical information on sixty nine wind hole sites have compiled and analyzed on the basis of flora and presence of fossilized periglacial landforms, such as talus, block field, and block stream, and sixteen sites have thereafter carefully selected and scrutinized through field surveys. To maintain a sustainability of wind hole ecosystem, including their original landform, micro-meteorological phenomena and plant community therein as a refugia or habitat for relict plant species of Pleistocene glacial period, appropriate restrictions and preservation measures are required.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.277-293
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• 2009

Disagreement among the various publications providing lists of Korean endemic plants makes confusion inevitable. We summarized the six previous reports providing comprehensive lists of endemic plants in Korea: 407 taxa in Lee (1982), 570 taxa in Paik (1994), 759 taxa in Kim (2004), 328 taxa in Korea National Arboretum (2005), 515 taxa in the Ministry of Environment (2005) and 289 taxa in Flora of Korea Editorial Committee (2007). The total number of endemic plants described in the previous reports was 970 taxa, including 89 families, 302 genera, 496 species, 3 subspecies, 218 varieties, and 253 formae. Endemic plants listed four times or more were collected to compare the data in terms of scientific names and synonyms (339 taxa in 59 families and 155 genera). If the varieties and formae were excluded, the resulting number of endemic plants was 252 taxa for the 339 purported taxa analyzed. Seven of the 155 genera analyzed were Korean endemic genera. Among the 339 taxa, the same scientific names were used in the original publications for 256 taxa (76%), while different scientific names were used for 83 taxa (24%). The four largest families were Compositae (42 taxa, 12.4%), Ranunculaceae (19 taxa, 5.6%), Rosaceae (19 taxa, 5.6%), and Scrophulariaceae (19 taxa, 5.6%). Saussurea (Compositae) had the highest number of taxa within one genus (17 taxa; 5% of total endemic taxa).

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.56-72
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• 2015

본 연구는 2009년 세계문화유산으로 등재된 조선왕릉 중 태릉을 대상으로 능침공간, 제향공간, 전이공간, 진입공간으로 공간을 구분하고, 과거 문헌고증을 통해 능 조영 당시 능의 좌우 및 후면에 식재된 원식생을 파악하였다. 태릉의 공간별 원식생 경관 중 능침공간의 능선 주변, 제향공간, 전이공간은 소나무로 추정하였고, 진입공간은 오리나무로 추정하였다. 태릉의 현존식생은 소나무림이 50.3%로 가장 넓게 분포하였고, 낙엽활엽수림은 33.7%로 갈참나무, 상수리나무, 신갈나무가 주요 출현종이었다. 식재지는 7.9%로 주요 수종은 소나무와 잔디 등이었다. 태릉 식물군집구조는 총 108개 조사구를 설정하여 총 4개의 공간으로 구분하였다. 공간별로 조사구의 상대우점치를 분석한 결과, 능침공간 현재 우점종은 소나무이었지만, 소나무는 도태되고, 상수리나무의 세력이 확대되고 있었으며, 소나무림이 갈참나무로 천이가 진행되고 있었다. 제향공간, 전이공간은 소나무가 도태되고 있었으며, 참나무류의 세력이 확대되고 있었다. 진입공간 우점종은 소나무, 갈참나무이었으며, 원식생인 오리나무가 사라지고, 소나무와 갈참나무로 변화되었는데, 이 지역은 점토질 토양으로 장기적으로 소나무는 도태될 것으로 판단되었다. 태릉의 과거식생(추론)과 현존식생을 비교 분석하여 식생경관관리 목표와 방안을 제시하였다. 식생경관관리 목표는 생태적 특성 및 식생변화를 분석하여 공간별 역사경관림에 부합하는 경관유지 및 복원을 목표로 하였다. 능침공간은 소나무림과 소나무식재지로 유지 관리하고, 기타 참나무류림을 소나무림으로 복원, 제향공간은소나무림과 소나무식재지로 유지관리하고, 참나무류림을 소나무림으로순차적 복원, 전이공간의 소나무림은 유지 관리하고, 참나무류림은 소나무림으로 복원, 진입공간은 순차적으로 오리나무림으로 복원하는 것으로 제시하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2009

This paper describes a pattern recognition method of Magnoliae flos based on a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis of the essential oil components. The botanical drug is mainly comprised of the four magnolia species (M. denudata, M. biondii, M. kobus, and M. liliflora) in Korea, although some other species are also being dealt with the drug. The GC/MS separation of the volatile components, which was extracted by the simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE), was performed on a carbowax column (supelcowax 10; 30 m{\time}0.25 mm{\time}0.25{\mu}m$) using temperature programming. Variance in the retention times for all peaks of interests was within RSD 2% for repeated analyses (n = 9). Of the 74 essential oil components identified from the magnolia species, approximately 10 major components, which is $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, d-limonene, eucarlyptol (1,8-cineol), $\gamma$-terpinene, p-cymene, linalool, $\alpha$-terpineol, were commonly present in the four species. For statistical analysis, the original dataset was reduced to the 13 variables by Fisher criterion and factor analysis (FA). The essential oil patterns were processed by means of the multivariate statistical analysis including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). All samples were divided into four groups with three principal components by PCA and according to the plant origins by HCA. Thirty-three samples (23 training sets and 10 test samples to be assessed) were correctly classified into the four groups predicted by PCA. This method would provide a practical strategy for assessing the authenticity or quality of the well-known herbal drug, Magnoliae flos.