• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1130-1142
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• 2023

Objective: Cow urine possesses several bioactive properties but the responsible components behind these bioactivities are still far from identified. In our study, we tried to identify the possible components behind the antimicrobial activity of cow urine by exploring the peptidome and metabolome. Methods: We extracted peptides from the urine of Sahiwal cows belonging to three different physiological states viz heifer, lactation, and pregnant, each group consisting of 10 different animals. The peptides were extracted using the solid phase extraction technique followed by further extraction using ethyl acetate. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract was evaluated against different pathogenic strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae. The safety of urinary aqueous extract was evaluated by hemolysis and cytotoxicity assay on the BuMEC cell line. The urinary peptides were further fractionated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify the fraction(s) containing the antimicrobial activity. The HPLC fractions and ethyl acetate extract were analyzed using nLC-MS/MS for the identification of the peptides and metabolites. Results: A total of three fractions were identified with antimicrobial activity, and nLC-MS/MS analysis of fractions resulted in the identification of 511 sequences. While 46 compounds were identified in the metabolite profiling of organic extract. The urinary aqueous extract showed significant activity against E. coli as compared to S. aureus and S. agalactiae and was relatively safe against mammalian cells. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of cow urine is a consequence of the feeding habit. The metabolites of plant origin with several bioactivities are eliminated through urine and are responsible for their antimicrobial nature. Secondly, the plethora of peptides generated from the activity of endogenous proteases on protein shed from different parts of tissues also find their way to urine. Some of these sequences possess antimicrobial activity due to their amino acid composition.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2018

In the present study, we identified a Spirometra species of Myanmar origin (plerocercoid) by molecular analysis using mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes, as well as by morphological observations of an adult tapeworm. Spargana specimens were collected from a paddy-field in Taik Kyi Township Tarkwa Village, Yangon, Myanmar in December 2017. A total of 5 spargana were obtained from 20 frogs Hoplobatrachus rugulosus; syn: Rana rugulosa (Wiegmann, 1834) or R. tigrina (Steindachner, 1867). The plerocercoids were used for experimental infection of a dog. After 4 weeks of infection, an adult tapeworm was recovered from the intestine of the dog. Morphologically, the distinct features of Spirometra sp. (Myanmar origin) relative to S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens include a uterine morphology comprising posterior uterine coils that larger than the terminal uterine ball and coiling of the uteri diagonally (swirling) rather than spirally. The cox1 sequences (1,566 bp) of the Myanmar-origin Spirometra species showed 97.9% similarity to a reference sequence of S. decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679) and 90.5% similarity to a reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei (GenBank no. KJ599680). Phylogenetic tree topologies were identical and presented high confidence level of values for the 3 major branches of the 3 Spirometra species in cox1 and nad1 genes. These results indicated that Myanmar-origin Spirometra species coincided with those of S. ranarum and may be considered as a valid species.

• 천문학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2005

It is well known that a rotating bar potential can transport angular momentum to the disk and hence cause the evolution of the disk. Such a process is particularly important in disk galaxies since it can result in fuelling AGNs and starburst ring activities. In this paper, we will present the numerical simulations to show how this mechanism works. The problem, however, is quite complicated. We classify our simulations according to the type of Lindbald resonances and try to single out the individual roles they play in the disk evolution. Among many interesting results, we emphasize the identification of the origin of the starburst rings and the dense circumnuclear molecular disks to the instability of the disk. Unlike most of the other simulations, the self-gravitation of the disk is emphasized in this study.

• 정보학연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2004

As increasing trade through the world, especially in food, asymmetry of information can make the trade shrink. With the industrial development, Korea's agriculture had shrunk dramatically. By the result of the nation's industrial restructuring, over than 3/4 of Korea food consumption comes from abroad. And China is an important source of agricultural product to Korea. Increasing family income and increasing importing food consumption, Korean consumers have been interested in food safety. Especially. after experiencing several cases like struggle for safety of GMO food, poultry influenza, lead contained Chinese fish import, mad cow disease, cheating origin, etc. Obviously, those unreliable cases will hinder the increase of world free trade as well as the trust of two countries. Furthermore, distrust will be a cause of adverse selection. So, it need to find a way to solve the distrust which caused by asymmetry of information. And automatic identification procedures can help mitigate asymmetry of information in trade. And it will make Korean consumers can avoid adverse selection. This paper suggests adoption of Auto ID to encourage agricultural trade between Korea and China.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1991

Yellow sands often occur in Korea during April and May each year, and they are believed to come from the Mongolian Gobi desert as the snow starts to melt in Spring time. Since the analysis of aerosol particulates can hardly distinguish the origin of particulates, the isentropic analysis of meteorological data is often used for the trajectories of the long range transport of yellows sand or air pollutants. The yellow sand case of April 9 $\sim$ 15, 1988, in Korea is analyzed for the identification of long range transport of yellow sands and their trajectories in East Asia, using isentropic analyses. We have tranformed the ECMWF grid data, analyzed in pressure coordinates, into the isentropic coordinates and then have traced the 286 K and 290 K air mass which started Gobi desert. The result shows the transport of yellow sands from the Gobi desert to the Korean peninsula.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.167-178
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• 1994

For the identification of the optimal operating conditions of phosphoric acid plant, an intelligent simulation was performed based on the dissolution reaction of phosphate rock. A phosphoric acid plant consists of three main processes : ball-mill grinding process, rock reaction process and slurry filteration process. The grinding and filteration processes are relatively simple processes and most of the simulation works are on the reaction process. The practical operation data of phosphoric acid plant at Namhae Chemical Corp. were utilized in the simulation. The operation of the phosphoric acid plant is highly dependent on the heuristics of operators and so the expert system technology was employed. The operation of phosphoric acid plant varies with the origin of phosphate rock. Results of the simulation showed the optimal values of major process variables and optimal operating conditions. The knowledgebase for the expert system was constructed based on the interview with the experienced plant operators.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.124-127
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• 2000

The analysis of stable carbon isotope ratios for benthic fauna was applied to identify the source of carbon in benthic food webs in Youngil Bay, Korea. The ${\delta}^{13}$C values of 9 invertebrate species collected in this area showed a narrow range between -20.5 and -16.3%$_o$ with a mean of-18.1 (${\pm}$1.1)"%$_o$. The results suggest that the major source of organic carbon for the benthic fauna of the lower estuarine reaches and the oceanic sites is autochthonous marine particulate organic matter. The contribution of organic matter from terrestrial and riverine sources to the diet of the benthic fauna in this area appears to be minor, despite the considerable inflow of riverine waters.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2015

Comparative molecular analysis has been frequently adopted for the authentication of herbal medicines as well as the identification of botanical origins. Roots and rhizomes of the family Umbelliferae have been used as traditional herbal medicines to relieve various symptoms such as inflammation, neuralgia and paralysis in countries of East Asia. Since most herbal medicines of the Umbelliferae roots or rhizomes are generally supplied in the form of dried slices, morphological examination does not often provide sufficient evidence to identify the botanical origin. Using species-specific probes developed by the comparative analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences, a DNA chip was developed to identify herbal medicines for 13 species in the Umbelliferae. The developed DNA Chip proves its potential as a rapid, sensitive and effective tool for authenticating herbal medicines in future.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1998년도 제14회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.105-106
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• 1998

Evaluation of def3ects by etch-ppit formation was studied. A NaOH(30 mol%) etchant was found useful for etch-ppit developpment on ZnSe-based eppilayers grown on (001) gaAs. And a H3ppO4(85 mol%) was used in order to developp etch-ppits on GaN-base eppilayers grown on (0001) Al2O3 After etch-ppit formation on the surfsce. Transmission Electron Microscoppy(TEM) was cppmdicted. By etch-ppit developpment and TEM observation we could determine the defect typpes by etch-ppit configurfations and found origin of etch-ppit in the cse of ZnSe-based materials. Based uppon these results we can do defect identification by etch-ppit test simpply. In the case of GaN-based materials we could evaluate nanoppippe density. however high density of threading dislocations in GaN eppilayers were not revealed by etch-ppit developpment. Based uppon these results we can evaluate the nanoppippe density which difficult to evaluate using TEM beacause of its small size(diameter). And at ppresent status direct matching of etch-ppit density to dislocation density would make severe mistake.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2010년도 심포지엄 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.557-558
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• 2010