• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.108-121
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• 2005

Backgrounds: Amygdalin (D-mandelonitrile B-gentiobioside), a cynogenic compound, is found in sweet and bitter almond, Persicae semen, and Armeniacae semen. Aqueous extract of amygdalin was made from Armeniacae semen and used in this study. Objectives: Apoptosis is a very important mechanism in cancer treatment. In the present study, it was investigated whether amygdalin induces apoptotic cell death in human COLO 201 colon cancer cells. Materials and Methods: For this study, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 4,6diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, flow cytometric analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(PR-PCR), western blot analysis, and caspase-3 enzyme assay were performed on COLO 201 cells. Cells treated with amygdalin exhibited several characteristics of apoptosis. Results: Amygdalin treatment enhanced Bax expression and suppressed Bcl-2 expression in COLO 201 cells. Amygdalin also was shown to increase the caspase-3 activity. Conclusions: Amygdalin induces apoptotic cell death via Bax-dependent caspase-3 activation in COLO 201 cells.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.211-223
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of Rhizoma Arisaematis water extract on lipid and glucose metabolism and histochemical change of obese rats. Methods and materials : 10 rats were divided into normal, control and RA (Rhizoma Arisaematis) groups. We fed the control group a high-fat diet and administered normal saline for 8 weeks. We fed the experimental group of rats a high-fat diet and administered an extract of Rhizoma Arisaematis for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. The groups were examined for effects on blood serum lipids, blood sugar, blood insulin concentration and epididymal fat cells. Results : 1. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and glucose of the RA group decreased compared with those of the control group. These decreased rates were significant(P<0.05). 2. Serum LDL-cholesterol, total lipid, free fatty acid and the average size of epididymal fat cells of the RA group decreased compared with those of the control group. These decreased rates were significant(p<0.01). Conclusions : These results suggest that RA may be used to prevent or cure the obesity iniduced by a high-fat diet.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1078-1105
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• 2008

An empirical formula that has been empirically shown to be effective for a particular condition can be said to add medicinal materials to an existing formula or to make a new prescription by the Korean medical doctors' empirical clinic. This dissertation aims to study the prescriptions according to A Confidential Document of A Distinguished Medical Family written by the writer's ancestor and to contribute to the development of Korean medicine. A Confidential Document of A Distinguished Medical Family is a medicinal recipe that is an heirloom of the Gyeongju Kim family for the eighth generation. And the date and the writer of the book are unknown. The contents of the book consist of 18 parts and are made up of about 300 medical recipes. Of these, 158 formulas and indications of cold damage, wind, urination, stool, jaundice, and internal injury are found in the book. From among these, 61 formulas was directly quoted out of The Precious Mirror of Oriental Medicine, 97 formulas are adjusted in proportion or combined. By the parity of reasoning of the above, I think that this book was published after The Precious Mirror of Oriental Medicine. I will continue to study other formulas except the formulas above mentioned.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2007

Objective : Women's obesity brings prblems not only appearance but also health which men do not have. This study was conducted to investigate the different factors of obesity between men and women. Materials and Methods : We searched papers usin key words (women, gender, and obesity) on pubmed and obesity journal. Result : Women's obesity leads to amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, poly cystic ovarian syndrome, abortion, and luteal phase inadequacy. Obesity induces metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, hypertension, cancer, and psychophysiologic diseases. The difference in body morphology and in particular fat distribution between the sexes leads to gender-specific differences in prevalence of chronic diseases, and unique problems for each sex including infertility, problems during pregnancy, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and endometrial carcinoma in women, and prostate and testicular cancer in men. The influence of gender on obesity is had by genetic view, hormones, pregnancy, delivery, and menopause. Conclusion : Obese women have higher risk factors than men by the influence of gender.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.216-224
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• 2010

This study aims to examine a special type of hospital known as Western Oriental medicine treatment designed to provide the best treatment by combining the advantages of Western and Oriental medicine, The actual conditions of the organizations and operations of O.P.D and how the cooperative treatment between Western and Oriental medicine is conducted at general hospitals that operate the cooperative treatment by applying a drawing analysis and an area analysis, and provide materials that help design hospitals that offers the cooperative treatment based on the information. According to the results of this study, the forms of the cooperative treatment between Western and Oriental medicine included several methods; to operate the cooperative center separately between an Oriental hospital and a general hospital, to operate the cooperative hospital, using several floors for an Oriental hospital inside a general hospital, and to operate the cooperative center in specialized centers inside a general hospital and the type of cluster that offers the cooperative treatment in specialized centers is known as the best appropriate treatment.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

The natural plants were screened for new cosmetic materials. Many parts of Nelumbo nucifera has been investigated for anti-wrinkling and anti-furrowing effects. The leaves. flowers and stamens of Nelumbo nucifera were extracted with ethanol or distilled water. The effects of cell viability and $H_2O_2-induced$ cytotoxicity were studied on CCD-986sk human fibroblast cell line by MTT assay. We measured various effects related to skin such as the synthesis of MMP-1 and type I procollagen. The ethanol extract of Nelumbo nucifera leaves (ENL) at concentrations of 30 ${\mu}g/ml$ showed maximum cell viability on CCD-986sk cells by 129.70%. and $H_2O_2-induced$ cytotoxicity was blocked by ENL (5. 10. 20. 30. and 40 ${\mu}g/ml$) concentration-dependently. The synthesis of MMP-1 and type I procollagen were positive in ENL. These results suggest that ENL has anti-oxidant and anti-furrowing effects.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity, antioxidative activity and whitening effect of 75% ethanol extracts from different parts of Prunus sargentii. The total phenolic compound content of the branch extract was 277.92 mg/g as the highest level. In the measurement of DPPH radical scavenging ability, $SC_{50}$ values of the cork layer and branch extract were 26.79 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and 30.13 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In nitric oxide (NO) scavenging ability, $SC_{50}$ values of the branch and leaf extract were 49.19 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and 55.55 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. All extracts exhibited higher NO scavenging ability than ascorbic acid used as positive control. On the other hand, in antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus by disc diffusion assay, the pure bark extract showed the highest activity. Moreover, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of cork layer, pure bark and branch extracts showed higher activity than arbutin used as positive control. In the cytotoxicity measurement by MTT assay, leaf extract was exhibited Raw 264.7 cell viabilities of 44.68~61.83% as cytotoxic result in tested concentration. In conclusion, the branch extract of Prunus sargentii will be a functional materials without damage compared to other parts such as pure bark or cork layer in the plant.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 2000

For the evaluation of protective effect on hepatic damage by Korean red ginseng mixed formula, we used GR(Korean red ginseng), GRF-A(Korean red ginseng-mixed formula) as a materials. The study was performed on protective effect against hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$. In vitro assay with 1.1 mM galactosamine, protection(%) was 44%(GR), 58%(GRF-A) at 50ug/ml, while maxium protection(%) was 5%(GR) and 24% (GRF-A) against acute hepatotoxicity by $CCl_4$. GRF-A significantly protected ethanol induced-liver damage by lowering ALT and ALP and fatty degenertion in liver tissue.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.spc1
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• pp.117-145
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• 2004

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2011

Objectives : This review is to summarize and assess the effects of acupuncture on parasympathetic nervous system(PNS). Methods and Materials : We searched two electronic databases (CNKI, PubMed) for the articles published until Oct. 2010. The randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and uncontrolled clinical trials (UCTs) were considered to be reviewed. We selected four RCTs, seven UCTs and one article which conducted both RCT and UCT, and reviewed them. The quality of RCTs was also assessed with Cochrane criteria. Results : There were four RCTs which reported acupuncture enhanced PNS, and one RCT reported acupuncture reduced PNS. Four UCTs reported acupuncture enhanced PNS, three UCTs reported acupuncture reduced PNS and one UCT reported there was no remarkable change of PNS after acupuncture. Conclusions : Although the majority of reviewed articles showed acupuncture enhance PNS, it is hard to conclude clearly how acupuncture affects PNS due to insufficient quality of trials. Therefore, more trials with strict condition need to be conducted to obviously identify the effects of acupuncture on PNS.