• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.205.2-205.2
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• 2003

As part of our program to isolate bioactive compounds from korean natural sources, we have screened traditional medicinal plants to cytotoxity on human tumor cells. Of them, the MeOH extract from rhizome of Coptis japonica Makino was found to be active against five cultured human tumor cell lines. So, the MeOH extract was subjected to successive solvent partitioning to give n-hexane, chloroform and BuOH. The activity was concentrated into the chloroform extract. The extract was chromatographied on a silica gel column and resulted in the isolation 5 alkaloids. (omitted)

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2015

To determine whether metabolite fingerprinting for whole cell extracts based on Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy can be used to discriminate and compare metabolic equivalence, standard medicinal parts from four medicinal plants (Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley, Atractylodes japonica Koidz, Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge) and their in vitro-produced adventitious roots were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) from the FT-IR spectral data showed that the whole metabolic pattern from Cynanchum wilfordii was highly similar to Astragalus membranaceus. However, Atractylodes japonica and Polygonum multiflorum showed significantly different metabolic patterns. Furthermore, adventitious roots from Cynanchum wilfordii and Astragalus membranaceus also showed similar metabolic patterns compared to their standard medicinal parts. These results clearly show that mass proliferation of adventitious roots may be applied to aquire novel supply of standard medicinal parts from medicinal plants. However, the whole metabolic pattern from adventitious roots of Atractylodes japonica and Polygonum multiflorum were not similar to their standard medicinal parts. Furthermore, FT-IR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analyses established in this study may be applied as an alternative tool to discriminate the whole metabolic equivalence from several standard medicinal parts. Thus, we suggest that these metabolic discrimination systems may be applied for metabolic standardization of herbal medicinal resources.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

Objectives : Official Arisaematis Rhizoma is described only three species, Arisaema amurnse, Arisaema erubescens, and Arisaema heterophyllum, in national Pharmacopoeia. However, other Arisaema species, Arisaema ringens, Arisaema takesimense and Arisaema serratum, also have been distributed as an inauthentic Arisaematis Rhizoma in the herbal market. To develop a reliable molecular authentication method for Arisaematis Rhizoma in species level, we analyzed DNA barcode regions using six Arisaema species. Methods : Thirty-eight samples of six Arisaema plants species (A. amurense, A. amurense f. serratum, A. heterophyllum, A. takesimense, and A. serratum) were collected from different habitate and nucleotide sequences of DNA barcode regions (rDNA-ITS, matK, and rbcL gene) were analyzed after PCR amplification. The species-specific sequences and phylogenetic relations were estimated using entire sequences of three DNA barcodes based on the analysis of ClastalW and UPGMA, respectively. Results : The comparative analysis of DNA barcode sequences were revealed inter-species specific nucleotides to distinguish the medicinal plant of Arisaema Rhizoma in species levels excluding between A. amurense and its subspecies (A. amurense f. serratum) and A. takesimense and A. serratum, respectively. However, we obtained sequence differences enough to discriminate authentic and inauthentic Arisaematis Rhizoma. Therefore, we suggest that these SNP type molecular genetic markers were an reliable method avaliable to identify official herbal medicines. Conclusions : These marker nucleotides could be useful to identify the official herbal medicines by providing definitive information that can identify original medicinal plant and distinguish from inauthentic adulterants and substitutes.

• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2003

Effects of shaking, medium consistency and anther density on polyhaploid production in two wheat cultivars, Pavon and Chris, were studied using a modified 85D12 medium. Pavon produced more calli in shaking and more albino plants tban Chris. However, Chris produced threefold more green plants than Pavon in non-shaking treatment. More calli and green plants were derived from non-shaking treatment than those from shaking treatment. Anthers were cultured on both liquid and semi-solid 85D12 media, using two anther densities, 48 and 96 anthers per plate. Although Pavon generally produced more calli and albino plants than Chris, Chris produced more green plants than Pavon. More green plants were derived from semi-solid medium than those from liquid medium. A factor that may affect plant regeneration from anthers is the length of time on initiation medium. Most of the calli for both genotypes were transferred during the first two time periods. Fertility, as measured by seed set, was determined for all surviving regenerated plants. About 24% of Chris and Pavon anther-derived green plants in the experiment of medium consistency and anther density produced seed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.96-102
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• 2009

Objectives: Traditional Korean herbal formulae are composed of multiple medicinal plants. This situation of multiple-ingredient mixtures has been considered as a major obstacle to new drug development using herbal formulae in the world market, despite the effectiveness of such mixtures. This study reviewed Liv-52 as a representative model of successful drug development using a multiple-herb mixture. Methods: All articles for Liv-52 were collected from the PubMed database. The history, composition of Liv-52, its pharmaceutical efficacy and mechanisms, and data from clinical studies including its market size were analyzed. Results: Liv-52 is composed of seven herbal plants and it is the best known in Ayurvedic medicine for treating liver disorders. Since its 1955 introduction, forty four international papers have been published based on pre-clinical and clinical trials. The efficacy and mechanisms of Liv-52 were intensively studied. Currently, Liv-52 is one of the top-selling products, with over 10 million dollars sales annually, in the world market. Conclusions: These results indicate that Korean herbal formulae could be new global drugs if scientific evidence for efficacy and standardization are produced via literature researches.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.75-84
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• 2013

Objectives : The origin of Breeae Herba (So-gye) and Cirsii Herba (Dae-gye) is differently prescribed in Korean and Chinese modern pharmacopoeia. Since the similar morphological characteristics and chaotic plant names, moreover, the aerial part of Carduus crispus have been used as the Cirsii Herba. To develop a reliable method for correct identification of these herbal medicines and to evaluate the genetic relationship of these closely related plant species, we analyzed sequences of DNA barcode regions. Methods : Thirty-one samples of 6 medicinal plants (B. segeta, B. setosa, C. japonicum var. maackii, C. setidens, C. chanroenicum, and C. crispus) were collected from different habitate and nucleotide sequences of DNA barcode regions (rDNA-ITS, matK, and rbcL) were analyzed after amplification using appropriate primers reported in previous studies. The nucleotides of species-specific authentic marker and phylogenetic relations were estimated based on the entire sequences of DNA barcodes by the analysis of ClastalW and UPGMA, respectively. Results : In comparative analysis of DNA barcode sequences, we obtained specific nucleotides to discriminate the medicinal plant of Breeae/Cirsii Herba in species level and evaluated the phylogenetic relationship of these species. Futhermore, we identified distinct marker nucleotides enough to authenticate respective species. These sequence differences at corresponding positions were avaliable genetic markers to determine the botanical origins of Breeae Herbal as well as Cirsii Herba. Conclusions : These marker nucleotides would be useful to identify the official herbal medicines by providing of definitive information that can identify each plant species and distinguish from unauthentic adulterants and substitutes.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.163-179
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• 2003

The genus Polygonatum species belongs to the family Liliaceae which is widely distributed over areas of the north temperature zone. There are about forty more plants of Polygonatum species in the world widely distributed in eastern Europe and south east Asia. The plants of Polygonatum species have been used not only as ornamental plants but also for their medicinal values. This article is concerned with the specific properties and flavour of the drug and its history as a medicine, showing the main functional components of Polygonatum species of flavonoids, steroidal glycosides, and saccharides.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2008

Bean sprouts have been one of the vital food for our ancestor for a long time. They were also hardy wild plants or first-aid medicine for needy people. Even nowadays they are served at table. For examples, bean curd, bean-curd dregs, bean sprouts, soybean paste, fermented soybeans, hot pepper paste, and soy are our daily food. Moreover bean sprouts are widely favored at the age of the well-being. Bean sprouts for a recover from a hangover, soybean paste for the prevention of cancer, beans leaf as the best well-being food for a diet, and so on. Thus the paper explains the origin of bean sprouts and their application as a food or medicinal stuff with the analysis of the various and wide-spread records.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the cytotoxic effect of methanol extract from Houttuynia Cordata and Glycine soja. The cell viability was determined by MTT method. Their cytotoxic activities against three cancer cell lines such as A549, MDA-MB-231 and SNU-C4 cell line were tested. Among them, The methanol extract of Houttuynia Cordata showed the strongest cytotoxic effect against SNU-C4 cells. These results suggest that the methanol extract of Houttuynia Cordata possessed a potential antitumorous agent. The free radical scavenging activity using DPPH method was the strongest of Houttuynia Cordata methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 2006

Plants have been used in traditional medicinal system for centuries. Bangladeshi medicinal plants have received considerable attention from the researchers for evaluation of their bioactivity. As a part of our ongoing research of screening the Bangladeshi medicinal plants, the ethanolic extract of Dendrophthoe falcata have been chosen for the present study. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of the plant have been assessed for their antioxidant, antinociceptive, and general toxicity. The extract showed potent antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}5.1{\mu}g/ml$) using DPPH radical scavenging assay, which is comparable to the standard ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}4.6{\mu}g/ml$). The extract significantly and dose dependently inhibited the acetic acid induced writhing in mice (71.2%, P < 0.001 and 28.0%, P < 0.05 for 500 and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively). A general toxicity was assessed by a simple and low cost assay using brine shrimp lethality as an indicator. The extract showed low level of toxicity ($LC_{50}100{\mu}g/ml$). Using different chromatographic techniques, quercitrin (quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-rhamnoside) was separated as the major component from the extract. The structure was elucidated by detailed 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectral analysis.