• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제4권1호통권4호
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• pp.115-127
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• 1998

To improve the quality control of frequently used oriental medicinal plants, the storage, cutting, processing and decokting methods of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino(熟地黃) were examined. The contents of 5-hydroxymethyl-2- furaldehyde(5-HMF) of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino were analysed by HPLC at various conditions as the standard component. Raw materials were classified into 3 groups with their specific gravity(天 地 人黃) and determined the ding weights and the contents of water, the solid component of Ji-Hwang(地黃) was the most. Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var purpurea Makino was steamed and dried nine times and analysed the content of 5-HMF on every time. In the case of Ji-Hwang, the standard component of the ninth sample was produced the most. But which of the tenth samples of Chun-Hwang and Yin-Hwang(天黃 人黃) were the most. The best decokting conditions which were determined by the yield of 5-HMF were as follows : non cutting, soaking time was 0 minutes, decokting time was 75 minutes after boiling. The contents of sugar on each of samples were determined. The contents of standard component increased by steaming number and the contents of sugar decreased.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.6-13
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• 2000

Melanin is specifically produced in melanocytes. The pathway for melanin biosynthesis is mainly controlled by tyrosinase. To estimate the inhibitory effect of melanin biosynthesis from 31 medicinal plants extracts, we tested the inhibitory effects of the tyrosinase promoter on B16 mouse melanoma cells. The result of this study demonstrated that Mori Radicis Cortex and Castena Fractus extracts only in tested medicinal plant extracts have high inhibitory effects on tyrosinase promoters with very low cytotoxicity on B16 mouse melanoma cells. Therefore, extracts of Mori Radicis Cortex and Castena Fractus were evaluated as very effective negative regulators of tyrosinase gene expression.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2005

Arriving in the '90s, the worldwide trend of longing for naturalism and popularity of complementary and alternative medicine in America has caused traditional Oriental Medicine and medicinal plants markets to develop rapidly. And China has been pursuing the globalization policy of Chinese medicine by the initiation of the society of traditional Chinese medicine. Under this situation, it is a time for us to think about in a serious manner whether existing organization and system of Oriental medicine and the department of Oriental medicine at the schools in Korea reflects reality or whether we should turn it to some different direction. The purpose of this research is to compare the educational systems in relation to the traditional medicine between Korea and China, and to seek and look into its implication, and also to make a contribution to further developments and changes of direction for Oriental medicine education in Korea. 1. I investigated carefully the educational system of the colleges of traditional Chinese medicine, and results from this survey revealed that the academic institutions for the medicinal training in China consists of varied systems, such as 7-year program for medicinal training linking with master degree course, 6-year program, 5-year program (more than 90%), 4-year program, and so on, so then China has been raising the specialists in their traditional medicine arena through those varied academic programs. Such an educational system as the department of Chinese medicine in order to educate and produce specialists or pharmacists specializing in traditional Chinese medicine is operated only by Beijing University of Chinese Medicine in terms of 7-year academic program for medicinal major that linked with master degree course, and the rest of schools run 5-year program or 4-year program (more than 90%). And other human resources required for cultivation of medicinal plants and manufacturing herbal medicines are mostly trained at 3-year course colleges or 2-year course vocational schools. 2. In connection with traditional Chinese medicine, there are a variety of departments in the schools in China other than Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology: i.e. Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Preclinical Medicine, Pharmaceuticals, Materials of Medicine, Phrenology and Law, Languages and Literature, etc. Therefore, these programs constitute multi academic system and also an appropriate educational base that fits in varied needs of market. Particularly, the university having 7-year program emphasize, English proficiency so that it can be considered that this academic program is a specialized course in order to achieve globalization of Chinese medicine. 3. In Korea, there are only 11 Oriental medicine schools with 6-year program which have been established by the private foundations and 3 departments of Oriental medicine at 4-year university. Therefore, we need to establish varied departments related to branches of our traditional medicine like China. 4. It is necessary to establish varied new departments related to Oriental Medicine that will be able to take a professional role in the course of pursuing the strategic goals such as scientification, globalization, standardization of Oriental Medicine, also that will meet needs of the world alternative and complementary medicine and herbal medicine markets. In order to achieve such strategic goals, we need to organize an academic system that will be different from existing systems and programs, also we are required to research further on the educational and training programs.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2009

A variety of herbs and plants have been traditionally used in oriental folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In our attempt to search for anti-inflammatory agents from natural products, we investigated 64 methanol extracts from 42 medicinal plants belonging to 10 families which were evaluated for inhibitory activities of NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Among them, 16 extracts exhibited inhibitory activities of NO production ($IC_{50}$ values ranging from 59.6 to 94.7 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Only the extract from aerial parts of Hosta lancifolia (H. lancifolia) did not exert cytotoxic effects at the concentrations tested. The extract from H. lancifolia decreased the mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in activated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that the extract may contain bioactive compounds that suppress expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may prove beneficial with regard to the development of natural agents for prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.64-80
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• 2005

The pharmacological effects of medicinal remedies traditionally used in Asian countries for improving the blood circulation were examined on isolated rat thoracic aorta strips in organ baths. Each experimental medicine was consecutively extracted under reflux with water. Of 17 plants, Curcuma longa (CL) having the strongest acute relaxant activity in endothelium-intact arteries, Mucunae caulis (MC), Cirsium pendulum (CP), Rumex longiflius (RL), Paeonia suffruticosa (PS), Curcuma zedoaria (CZ), Scirpus maritimus (SM), Siphonostegia chinensis (SC), Leonurs sibiricus (LS) and Typha orientalis (TO) were showing dose-dependent relaxant activity. Long-term relaxant effects were showed in Curcuma aromatia (CA), MC, CP, RL, PS, Potulacae grandiflorae (PG), CZ, Panax notoginseng (PN), Achyranthes japonica (AJ), CL, SC, Lycoppus lucidus (LL) and Corydalis turtschaninovii (CT). In endothelium-injury test using carbachol, CL, SC, MC, RL and PS which are having the acute vasorelaxing activity and CA and CT which are not showing vasorelaxaing activity were damaged to endothelium. As a result of this study, the possibility that a part of medicinal remedy may contribute to the beneficial effects in blood circulation was proposed, but inter-individual variation has been observed. Also, further studies on the vasorelaxant effects of these remedies are still required.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.332-340
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• 2020

Background: The valuable medicinal plant Panax ginseng has high pharmaceutical efficacy because it produces ginsenosides. However, its yields decline because of a root-rot disease caused by Ilyonectria mors-panacis. Because species within Ilyonectria showed variable aggressiveness by altering ginsenoside concentrations in inoculated plants, we investigated how such infections might regulate the biosynthesis of ginsenosides and their related signaling molecules. Methods: Two-year-old ginseng seedlings were treated with I. mors-panacis and I. robusta. Roots from infected and pathogen-free plants were harvested at 4 and 16 days after inoculation. We then examined levels or/and expression of genes of ginsenosides, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also checked the susceptibility of those pathogens to ROS. Results: Ginsenoside biosynthesis was significantly suppressed and increased in response to infection by I. mors-panacis and I. robusta, respectively. Regulation of JA was significantly higher in I. robusta-infected roots, while levels of SA and ROS were significantly higher in I. mors-panacis-infected roots. Catalase activity was significantly higher in I. robusta-infected roots followed in order by mock roots and those infected by I. mors-panacis. Moreover, I. mors-panacis was resistant to ROS compared with I. robusta. Conclusion: Infection by the weakly aggressive I. robusta led to the upregulation of ginsenoside production and biosynthesis, probably because only a low level of ROS was induced. In contrast, the more aggressive I. mors-panacis suppressed ginsenoside biosynthesis, probably because of higher ROS levels and subsequent induction of programmed cell death pathways. Furthermore, I. mors-panacis may have increased its virulence by resisting the cytotoxicity of ROS.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2008

Herbal medicine is the use of medicinal plants for prevention and treatment of diseases: it ranges from traditional and popular medicines of every country to the use of standardized and tritated herbal extracts. Generally cultural rootedness enduring and widespread use in a traditional medical system may indicate safety, but also efficacy of treatments, especially in herbal medicine where tradition is almost completely based on remedies containing active principles at very low and ultra low concentrations or relying on magical-energetic principles. The efficacy and safety assessments of medicines, whether modern or herbal, invariably encounter challenges or problems during the course of pre-clinical and clinical research. Some of the challenges in evidence-based herbal medicinal research are unique, and the researcher must be cognizant of them in order to safeguard the quality of the data obtained. Key challenges are: the quality of raw materials; appropriateness of biological/pharmacological activity assessment methodology, and data interpretation; standardization methodology; pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of active constituents and metabolites; clinical dosage formulation/production; and clinical study designs and outcome measures.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권4호통권135호
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• pp.278-281
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• 2003

Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix has been used for the treatment of prematurely grey hair, bald and constipation and Polygoni Multiflori Radix has been used for the treatment of weakness, knee pain, premature greying, elevated serum cholesterol, coronary heart disease, naurasthenia and insominia. Pattern recognition for the analysis of Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix was conducted using HPLC method. Pattern of Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix was different and we distinguished two medicinal plants by HPLC.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권4호통권135호
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• pp.274-277
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• 2003

Agastachis Herba has been used for the treatment of poor appetite, nausea diarrhea and distension of chest. Pogostemonis Herba has been used for the treatment of fever caused by heart stroke, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Pattern recognition for the analysis of Agastachis Herba and Pogostemonis Herba was conducted using PHLC method. Rosmarinic acid from Agastachis Herba was detected at retention time of 14.996 min and quantitative analysis of rosmarinic acid showed average range of $0.183{\pm}0.183%$ (n=4). Rosmarinic acid was not detected from Pogostemonis Herba and we distinguished two medicinal plants by HPLC method.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2008

Objective :Ginseng is one of the most popular Oriental medicinal plants considered as a tonic worldwide. This study aimed to produce comprehensive understanding for immune-related pharmaceutical activities of Ginseng. Methods: We surveyed all literatures, 168 of immunity-focused papers with Ginseng in Pub-med, and analyzed pharmaceutical characters according to immune elements and Ginseng components. Results : The main functions of Ginseng have been associated with modulation of immunity. Whole body of Ginseng or its ingredients differently show the effects on both cellular and humoral elements of immune system. Ginseng enhances the activities of T and B lymphocytes, NK cells, macrophages and dendritic cells whileas suppresses mast cell-associated allergy and release of histamine. Conclusion : These results will provide Korean doctors or scientists an immune-related overview of Ginseng, and help them in clinical applications and developments of Korean Ginseng as a global competitive drug in world market.