• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2015

Objective : In order to understand the scale of medicinal expenditure in the Korean medicine, an analysis has been made of Korean National Health Account and statistic archives used to estimate the Korean National Health Account and also of such archives as are contributory to learn the scale of total health expenditures in the Korean medicine. Method : From the Korean National Health Account archives, an analysis has been made of National health insurance statistic annual reports, National health insurance non-payment items, Korean Economic Census (The Service Industy Survey), and Korea Health Panel data. Moreover, in order to know the sales of overall Korean medicine clinics, relevant data have been utilized and cited from investigations into National tax statistics, Korean medicine medical institutions and Korean medicines used, and current states of medicinal herbs and Korean medicine industry. Results : It is found that the average scale of each section of the medical expenditures archives in the Korean medicine in 2012 was KRW 3.5638 billion and that the average medical expenditures in the Korean medicine derived from Total Health Expenditure, The Service Industy Survey, National tax statistic, and Korean medicine industry are approximately KRW 3.3901, 3.4796, 3.7218 and 3.9634 billion. And the average expenditures derived from National health insurance patients and Korea Health Panel data are 2.5162 and 2.2292 billion won and those from the users and consumers of Korean medicines and herbs are 5.6,461 billion won. In order to verify the appropriateness of estimated medical expenditures in the Korean medicine included in the archives, an analysis has been made of uninsured costs which come from the aggregate sales amount surveyed minus health insurance treatment expenditures and it is found that the ratio of insured costs against total health expenditures in 2006 was 50.67% and 41.92% in 2012 and that the ratio based on National tax statistics and The Service Industy Survey was 52.19% and 49.28% in 2006 and 50.54% and 50.64% in 2012 and that the ratio of uninsured costs against Korean medicines and herbs and Korean medicine industry was 37.5% and 58.27% in 2013. Conclusion : It calls for the improvement of the accuracy of an investigation into Total Health Expenditure which comprise the actual conditions of health insurance and Korea Health Panel, the development of statistic schemes for understanding and classifying medical expenditures of all the Korean medicine medicinal institutions like medicinal clinics, and enhanced methods for independent panels to comprehensively collect and analyze the number of sampled Korean medicine medical institutions.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.919-926
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to inspect trends of the paper of Korean medical treatment on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity and try to establish the future direction for development of Korean herbal medicine. We reviewed 79 papers which had been published from 1981 to 2010 in journals published in Korea. According to these studies, Carbon Tetrachloride-induced hepato-celluar degeneration and necrosis induced to increase in serum aspartate amintransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ${\gamma}$-Glutamyl transferase (${\gamma}$-GTP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and albumin levels. In biochemical analyses, antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase in hepatic tissue were remarkably incresed by Carbon Tetrachloride treatment. We found that some of the herbal extracts have a protective effect against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity. More studies of oriental medicinal herbs are required for developing a treatment of hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2009

GD68 is newly developed herb complex prescription. The constituent herbs of GD68 were Massa Medicata Fermentata, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Poria, Zingiberis Siccatum Rhizoma, Crataegi Fructus, Saccarum Granorum, Agastachis Herba, Taraxaci Herba, Perillae Herba, Scutellariae Radix, Astragali Radix, Ginseng Radix, Houttuyniae Herba and Halloysitum Rubrum. The aim of this study was to examine feed value of GD68 in duck. The weight gain of ducks fed with supplemental GD68 high compared to those of the control. The feed intake and mortality of ducks fed with supplemental GD68 low compared to those of the control. The moisture, crude lipid and calorie content of the ducks fed GD68 were decreased, but the crude protein content of the ducks fed GD68 was increased. And we investigated the effect of GD68 on the production of cytokines in human T-cell line, MOLT-4 cells. GD68 plus concanavalin A (Con A) increased the interferon-$\gamma$ and interleukin-2 production compared with Con A alone. These results indicate that the supplemental GD68 may improve the production, meat quality and immunity of ducks.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.374-379
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• 2000

This study was attempted to evaluate an agonistic activity to benzodiazepine receptor of several medicinal pants, which have been used as sedatives in oriental medicine. The activities of the methanol extracts of composite preparation of oriental drugs were compared with those of the simple drugs, furthermore, the active fraction was found out from the simple preparation. Inhibitory effects of composite preparations, Cyperus rotundus/Acorus gramineus, Thuja orientalis/Euphoria longan, Thuja orientalis/Albizzia julibrissin, on the binding of ${[^3H]}$Ro15-1788, a selective benszodiazepine receptor antagonist to benzodiazepine receptor of rat cortices, were observed to be lower than those of corresponding simple preparations. These unexpected results suggest that some components of the composite druge may rather act as an obstacle, not to show the sinergistic effect. The methanol extracts of Cyperus rotundus having the highest activity were fractionated using polar and nonpolar solvents to give ethylacetate and hexane fractions, respectively. The ethylacetate fraction containing relatively polar components exhibited much higher activity than the hexane fraction, which consiste of nonpolar agonist, binding to benzodiazepine receptor. However, in the presence of GABA, this fraction inhibited ${[^3H]}$flunitrazepan binding, and these positive GABA shift supported the strong possibility of agonistic activity to benzodiazepine receptro. As a result, it may be concluded that the substance or substances with neurochemical properties as a benzodiazepine receptor agonist may contribute to the sedative property of Cyperus rotundus.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1843-1849
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• 2004

Conventional medicines have usually sorted to a number of treatments such asoperation, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The existing anti-cancer agents, designed to eradicate cancer cells, have strong toxicities, also with leading to harmful side effects. Recently, a number of researches on natural products have been actively carried out in efforts to develop new treatments that can decrease side effects or increase anti-cancer effects. We performed this study to understand the molecular basis underlying the antitumor effects of Pharbitis nil, and Plantago asiatica, which have been used for herbal medicinal treatments against cancers in East Asia. We analyzed the effects of these medicinal herbs on proliferation and on expression of cell growth/apoptosis related molecules, with using an AGS gastric cancer cell line. The treatment of Pharbitis nil dramatically reduced cell viabilities in a dose and time-dependent manner, but Plantago asiatica didn't. FACS analysis and Annexin V staining assay also showed that Pharbitis nil induce apoptotic cell death of AGS. Expression analyses via RT-PCR and Western blots revealed that Pharbitis nil didn't increase expression of the p53 and its downstream effector p21/sup wafl/, and that the both increased expression of apoptosis related Sax and cleavage of active caspase-3 protein. We also confirmed the translocation of Sax to mitochondria. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Pharbitis nilinduce growth inhibition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells, and these effects are correlated with down- and up-regulation of growth-regulating apoptotic and tumor suppressor genes, respectively.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effects of peking-duck extracts added with medicinal herbs(DJ) on the intoxication of heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, As) in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150$\pm$15g, were randomly assigned to groups: basal diet only in normal control group(NCG): basal diet and heavy metals without DJ injection in heavy metal control group(HMC); basal diet, heavy metals and DJ(3mg/ml) injection in heavy metal low duck-juice group(HMLD), basal diet, heavy metals and DJ(30mg/ml) injection in heavy metal middle duck-juice group(HMMD): basal diet, heavy metal and DJ(300mg/ml) injection in heavy metal high duck-juice group(HMHD). Hg and As was injected by 50ppm and Cd and Pb by 25ppm for 17days. Also DJ oral feeding was conducted for 28days. The result of this study were as follows: Food intake and body weight gain in heavy metal administered groups were lower than those of NCG. Liver, kidney and testis weights were not significantly different among 5 groups. GOT, GPT and BUN activities were significantly reduced in DJ treated groups as compared to HMC. DJ showed the suppressing effect on the accumulation of Hg, Pb and Cd in serum, liver and kidney. Fecal Hg and Cd excretions increased with DJ feeding. The results suggested that DJ may have some protective effects on Hg, Cd and Pb intoxication by reducing the accumulation in tissues and increasing excretion. This study also showed the effective way of using duck-extract and its application to the oriental medicine.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2009

Objectives : This paper intends to shed light on the value of Jejungsinpyeon, which is known to have had a considerable impact on the country's medicine in the later period Joseon Period, and its position in the Joseon history of medicine. To such an end, this paper focuses on how Yakseongga was developed and transformed in the later period Joseon Period through a bibliographical study of it. Methods : (1) To make comparison and analysis of the 303 lines, which the author said he quoted from Wan.bing.hui.chun and Susebowon, with Yakseongga of Jejungsinpyeon to see association between them based on Yakseongga contained in Jejungsinpyeon (2) To make a table concerning the names of the books, their authors, when they were published, how many kinds there are, their formats based on a survey of literature containing Yakseongga published after Jejungsinpyeon. (3) To see influences made by Jejungsinpyeon on books of medicine in the later Joseon Period. Results : It was found that a total of 303 lines had been quoted from Wan bing hui chun and Susebowon and that 83 lines had been newly inserted by the author. As a result of an analysis of Yakseongga of Jejungsinpyeon, Of the 303 lines, 297 were quoted from Susebowon, and only six from Wan bing hui chun. This means that the author of Jejungsinpyeon chiefly used Susebowon as the source of Yakseongga quoted therein. 275 lines, or 76%, of a total of 386 lines of Yakseongga of Jejungsinpyeon, have their Korean names marked. Medicinal herbs marked as Chinese herbs number 83 out of 386. Among the 83 herbs named, one belongs to the part newly inserted by the author, while the remaining 82 are quoted from Yakseongga. Conclusions : It shows the author's intention to make what is contained in Yakseongga localized knowledge and used by the people easily, although Yakseongga was compiled based on quotations from Chinese literature.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2013

Insampaedoksan (IS) is the decoction of medicinal herbs, which was commonly used for anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic in the Korean traditional medicine (KTM). Several studies on improving efficiency or searching new efficiency by fermenting traditional herbal medicines are recently in progress. The bioconversion has been conducted on IS using various bacteria. Liquiritin, ferulic acid, hesperidin, liquiritigenin, and glycyrrhizin in IS before and after fermented IS were simultaneously analyzed. These compounds were qualitatively analyzed and quantitatively analyzed using the HPLC-DAD system. The identifications of liquiritin, ferulic acid, hesperidin, liquiritigenin and glycyrrhizin were achieved by comparing the HPLC retention time ($R_t$) and the UV absorption of five pure compounds in the IS. As a result, the increased constituents were identified to be liquiritin, liquiritigenin and glycyrrhizin, while the decreased constituent was ferulic acid and the constituent of hesperidin was similar to before and after fermentation. Insampeadock-san fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum KFRI 144 exhibited the most remarkable changes in all of fermentation.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2005

1. The external treatment of sprain and strain using the herb used adhesive(貼敷), using soaking in medicinal smoke to focuses and rinsing methods(熏洗), rubbing(擦擦) and hot compression(熱熨). 2. In the external treatment of sprain and strain using the herb, Adhesive(貼敷) is used most. Because Adhesive(貼敷) brings fast reactions, has less side effects, and can control the processing time. 3. The effects of herbs used in this external treatment are almost the same as oral herb-medicines such as, promoting blood flow to remove blood stasis(活血化瘀), relieving rheumatic conditions(祛風濕), and removing obstruction in meridians and collaterals(通經絡).

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

Objectives : The paper studies the epistemology of Wind Herbs, its origin, its drug category and medicinal property, attempted to understand Lidongyuan's framework of mechanism of internal damage and treatment principle, and why he used it from his viewpoint. Methods : His suggestion was based on this treatment of internal damage suing wind herbs. Therefore, it cannot be viewed as a simple herbological concept. It rather displays the characteristics of medication based on clinical pathology. Therefore, wind herb should be comprehensively understood from the understanding of the mechanism of internal damage. That is why the paper studied around Piweilun, where Lidongyuan's concept on internal damage is established with finality. Additionally, the paper also referred to Wanghaogu's Tangyenbencao, a text that comprehensibly assembles the authors of Zhangyuans, Yixuqiyan's and Yishuixuepi's knowledge o herbology. Results : The origin of wind herb is 'herbs that uses the unique nature of wind in treatment of disease.' Medication unfolds yang qi, and this signifies the Shengyang function. This means that it starts from the lower energizer yin aspect, which is the beginning point of yang qi, and unfolds to the whole body through upbearing and effusion. Instead of producing yang qi directly similar to pungent, sweet and warm formula, however, it contributes to the achievement of the final purpose of the way of Shengyang through forming a ascending mechanism in the whole body via yin aspect's yang qi upbearing and effusion. Conclusions : Wind herb is within the scope of clinical herbology selected by Lidongyuan, for the purpose of achieving comprehensive clinical purposes, in order to treat internal damage. In this way, wind herb is distinguished from the application of other medicines that are limited in usage depending on Qiwei.