• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2011

The first medical text in which detailed treatments of diseases by combinations of materia medica are mentioned is the "Shanghanzabinglun(傷寒雜病論)". True meaning of the combinations of materia medica used in this text lies in the fact that the efficacy of a prescription transcends that of the linear sum of each materia medica. This kind of concept regarding the composition of a prescription has come to contribute to the formation of theories in prescriptionology; However, it is difficult to analyze and interpret the meaning of each prescription separately because of differences in interpreting methods, points of view, and terminologies used by members of different academical branches. Therefore, it is desirable that one should understand a prescription as having been modified from a basic prescription, and then bring the interactions of ingredients into the picture, finally understanding the efficacy and chief virtues of the targeted prescription. Nevertheless, with the massive information of prescriptions, which exist in the format of texts, it is impossible to efficiently take advantage of prescription analyzing methods, and therefore the range of analysis extremely restricted. In order to overcomes these weaknesses, this paper suggests that object-oriented prescription database be constructed and that a search program for education and research that could facilitate an efficient access to the database be developed as well.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.75-93
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• 2006

Chang San-roe re-explained the contents from the 30th question to the 47th question of "Nan Jing" which refered to the Chang-Pu and physiological theories as follows through the western theory which wss different from the tranditioonal chinese theory 1. "Nan Jing" refered to the circulation and the coming into being of Yeong-Wi. He denied that it was classified Yeong from Wi or Eum from Yang. 2. He denied that Sam-Cho was separated to three parts and the theory of "Sam-Cho is name only, not shape", using western medical theory. 3. He denied the view about "Left side is kidney, right side is Myung-Mun" because it was incorrect that kidney was separated to two parts which were Su and Hwa or Eum and Yang 4. Re-explaining the contents of "Nan Jing"- the portions of heart and lungs, the rising and falling of liver and lungs, the relationships of five viscera and sound color smell taste fluid, the relationships of five viscera and nine hole, the relationships of five viscera and O-Chu, the physiological difference of the old and the young owing to the deflection of Yeong-Wi Chi-Heol- he thought that viewing the human body using theory of Eum and Yang, Five elements(五行) was a far-fetched interpretation, so he denied the tranditional chinese theory which understood human body's organs, physiology, pathology. 5. He explained the contents of "Nan Jing"- the portions of the colon and the small intestines, the funtion of the six bowls, the corespondence of Chang-Pu, physical peculiarity of liver, the anatomical aspects which were the sizes, weights, volumes and shapes of the Chang-Pu and the alimentary canal, Chil-Chung-Mun, Pal-Hoe-Hyeolthrough western anatomy and physiology in detail.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제10권
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• pp.41-61
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• 2008

The outline and characteristics of the important doctors of the 'Zhe Zhong Pai'(折衷派) are as follows. Part 1. In the late Edo(江戶) period The 'Zhe Zhong Pai', which tried to take the theory and clinical treatment of the 'Hou Shi Pai (後世派)' and the 'Gu Fang Pai(古方派)' and get their strong points to make treatments perfect, appeared. Their point was 'The main part is the art of the ancients, The latter prescriptions are to be used'(以古法爲主, 後世方爲用) and the "Shang Han Lun(傷寒論)" was revered for its treatments but in actual use it was not kept at that. As mentioned above The 'Zhe Zhong Pai' viewed treatments as the base, which was the view of most doctors in the Edo period. However, the reason the 'Zhe Zhong Pai' is not valued as much as the 'Gu Fang Pai' by medical history books in Japan is because the 'Zhe Zhong Pai' does not have the substantiation or uniqueness of the 'Gu Fang Pai', and also because the view of 'gather as well as store up'(兼收並蓄) was the same as the 'Kao Zheng Pai'. Moreover, the 'compromise'(折衷) point of view was from taking in both Chinese and western medical knowledge systems(漢蘭折衷). Generally the pioneer of the 'Zhe Zhong Pai' is seen as Mochizuki Rokumon(望月鹿門) and after that was Fukui Futei(福井楓亭), Wadato Kaku(和田東郭), Yamada Seichin(山田正珍) and Taki Motohiro(多紀元簡). Part 2. The lives of Wada Tokaku(和田東郭), Nakagame Kinkei(中神琴溪), Nei Teng Xi Zhe(內藤希哲), the important doctors of the 'Zhe Zhong Pai', are as follows. First Wada Tokaku(和田東郭, 1743-1803) was born when the 'Hou Shi Pai' was already declining and the 'Gu Fang Pai' was flourishing and learned medicine from a 'Hou Shi Pai' doctor, Hu Tian Xu Shan(戶田旭山) and a 'Gu Fang Pai' doctor, Yoshimasu Todo(吉益東洞). He was not hindered by 'the old ways(古方)' and did not lean towards 'the new ways(後世方)' and formed a way of compromise that 'looked at hardness and softness as the same'(剛柔相摩) by setting 'the cure of the disease' as the base, and said that to cure diseases 'the old way' must be used, but 'the new way' was necessary to supplement its shortcomings. His works include "Dao Shui Suo Yan(導水瑣言)", "Jiao Chiang Fang Yi Je(蕉窗方意解)" and "Yi Xue Sho(醫學說)". Second. Nakagame Kinkei(中神琴溪, 1744-1833) was famous for leaving Yoshimasu Todo(吉益東洞) and changing to the 'Zhe Zhong Pai', and in his early years used qing fen(輕粉) to cure geisha(妓女) of syphilis. His argument was "the "Shang Han Lun" must be revered but needs to be adapted", "Zhong Jing can be made into a follower but I cannot become his follower", "the later medical texts such as "Ru Men Shi Qin(儒門事親)" should only be used for its prescriptions and not its theories". His works include "Shang Han Lun Yue Yan(傷寒論約言)". Third, Nei Teng Xi Zhe(內藤希哲, 1701-1735) learned medicine from Qing Shui Xian Sheng(淸水先生) and went out to Edo. In his book "Yi Jing Jie Huo Lun(醫經解惑論)" he tells of how he went from 'learning'(學) to 'skepticism'(惑) and how skepticism made him learn in 'the six skepticisms'(六惑). In the latter years Xi Zhe(希哲) combines the "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(神農本草經)", the main text for herbal medicine, "Ming Tang Jing(明堂經)" of accupuncture, basic theory texts "Huang Dui Nei Jing(皇帝內經)" and "Nan Jing(難經)" with the "Shang Han Za Bing Lun", a book that the 'Gu Fang Pai' saw as opposing to the rest, and became 'an expert of five scriptures'(五經一貫). Part 3. Asada Showhaku(淺田宗伯, 1815-1894) started medicine at Zhong Cun Zhong Zong(中村中倧) and learned 'the old way'(古方) from Yoshimasu Todo and got experience through Ouan Yue(川越) and Fu Jing(福井) and received teachings in texts, history and Wang Yangmin's principles(陽明學) fmm famous teachers. Showhaku(倧伯) meets a medical official of the makufu(幕府), Ben Kang Zong Yuan(本康宗圓), and receives help from the 3 great doctors of the Edo period, Taki Motokato(多紀元堅), Xiao Dao Xue Gu(小島學古) and Xi Duo Cun Kao(喜多村栲窻) and further develops his arts. At 47 he diagnoses the general Jia Mao(家茂) with 'heart failure from beriberi'(脚氣衡心) and becomes a Zheng Shi(徵土), at 51 he cures a minister from France and received a present from Napoleon, at 65 he becomes the court physician and saves Ming Gong(明宮) Jia Ren Qn Wang(嘉仁親王, later the 大正天皇) from bodily convulsions and becomes 'the vassal of merit who saved the national polity(國體)' At the 7th year of the Meiji(明治) he becomes the 2nd owner of Wen Zhi She(溫知社) and takes part in the 'kampo continuation movement'. In his latter years he saw 14000 patients a year, so we can estimate the qualjty and quantity of his clinical skills. Showhaku(宗伯) wrote over 80 books including the "Ju Chuang Shu Ying(橘窻書影)", "Wu Wu Yao Shi Fang Han(勿誤藥室方函)", "Shang Han Biang Shu(傷寒辨術)", "Jing Qi Shen Lun(精氣神論)", "Hunag Guo Ming Yi Chuan(皇國名醫傳)" and the "Xian Jhe Yi Hua(先哲醫話)". Especially in the "Ju Chuang Shu Ying(橘窻書影) he says "the old theories are the main, and the new prescriptions are to be used"(以古法爲主, 後世方爲用), stating the 'Zhe Zhong Pai' way of thinking, In the first volume of "Shang Han Biang Shu(傷寒辨術)" and "Za Bing Lun Shi(雜病論識)", 'Zong Ping'(總評), He discerns the parts that are not Zhang Zhong Jing's writings and emphasizes his theories and practical uses.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2006

Objectives : Radix Bupleuri is from the dried root of the herb of the Perennial herbaceous plant, Bulpleurum falcatum L. or Bulpleurum chinense DC. or Bulpleurum. scorzonerifolium Willd., family Umbelliferae. Medicinal Properties are bitter and pungent in flavor, slightly cold in nature and attributed to the liver and gallbladder meridians. Actions in modern Materia Medica are regulate the functional relation of internal organs to relieve fever, disperse the stagnated liver-qi and uplift yang-qi to raise sinking. The ‘uplift yang-qi to raise sinking’ efficacy, out of three efficacies (regulate the functional relation of internal organs to relieve fever, disperse the stagnated liver-qi and uplift yang-qi to raise sinking), has been disputed in the medical profession for a long period. Hereupon, this study ascertained the reason why it has been disputed. Methods : With respect to this medicinal herb, the efficacies of regulate the functional relation of internal organs to relieve fever, disperse the stagnated liver-qi and uplift yang-qi to raise sinking were described as to what was written in ‘Shen Nong's Herbal’ from Chin and Han dynasties until Jin and Yuan dynasties. Results : The beginning of Jin and Yuan dynasties, it began to deal with the ‘uplift yang-qi to raise sinking’ efficacy and so it has been carried on modern textbooks and medical books. The reason why it was added is that it was influenced by the theory of ‘Raise Sinking’ advocated by Zhang jieku who lived in the period of Jin and Yuan dynasties. Since then, the properties of ‘Radix Bupleuri’ have been wrongly known to the public. Additionally, ‘Radix Stellariae Seu Gypsophilae’, which was begun to be introduced from the Four Cities since the Five Dynasties, has been combined with the best stuffs of ‘Radix Bupleuri’ produced from Yin Zhou. Consequently, its original properties were remarkably disordered. Likewise, respective medical schools’ theories were changed by the influence of ‘Bulpleurum. scorzonerifolium Willd’ begun to be used since Tang dynasty. Conclusion : it is considered that the current ‘Raise Sinking’ efficacy of Radix Bupleuri is unreasonable to be applied to the efficacy of the whole Radix Bupleuri because it is limited to certain species.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2008

"EuiBangShinGam" is a classic on oriental medicines written by Han Byung Lyun with the pen name Shin Oh in 1913. It was written under the base of the writer's own experience as well as in the light of 36 other classics on oriental medicines such as "DongEuiBoGam", Introduction to Medicine, and Complete Works of Jingyue. In an attempt to avoid difficult theories and list only the essential informations and formulas for clinical purposes, it attained its own characteristics of not only reorganizing DongEuiBoGam in a pragmatic way but also explaining diseases classified in western medicines in oriental medicines' point of view as well as suggesting medicine formulas regarding such explanations. As a result, it is a complete and efficient medical classic through which one can gain knowledge in both classic oriental medicines and combination of western and oriental medicines. Its special features are making a separate chapter for cholera and phthisis, which is also a contagious disease, and trying in the chapter to explain the disease s in words of oriental medicines; listing details of nine major epidemic and matching them with the diseases known in oriental medicines: and recording a case of enforcing sterilization and preventive injection against contagious diseases. Han Byung Lyun, the writ er of the book, was born in northern province of Ham Gyoung, Woong Bu, and the date of death is unknown. He is one of the eight members who conceived and started the idea of organizing the Organization of Practioners of Oriental Medicines, which was a nationwide organization under the motive of restoring Oriental Medicines against the policy under the colonial government of Japan. Living a era of Japanese Imperialism, he stressed the need to accept western medicines if its beneficial to oriental medicines in order to develop oriental medicines for progressive causes. This reflects that he was a person who tried in various ways to extend oriental medicines to another level by facing up to the reality and coming up with a measure to cope up with it. In fact, he was a oriental medicine doctor who tried to protect oriental medicines by founding academic organizations, publishing academic magazines, and writing himself many papers related to oriental medicines. EuiBangShinGam can he summarized as a classic on traditional korean medicine through which one can find out about realities of Japan Imperialism and the attempts of oriental medicine practitioners under the colonial policies of Japan to make oriental medicines more developed by adding one's own thoughts as well as keeping the old, and adjusting to such situations.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.13-34
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• 2007

Traditional Medicine (TM) is called as philosophical medicine in Korea. An unified theory named as Sihnsang-hanron (SSHR) was hypothesized through studies of scientific analyses on various theories of TM. SSHR has extracted seven concepts which are six common ones from the great three books (三大原典) and the Logic of Laotzu & Chuangtzu (老莊思想). Six common concepts are the affecting by cold (傷寒), qi (氣), cold or heat (寒熱), exterior & interior of body (表裏), deficiency or excessiveness (虛實), and yin & yang (陰陽). We have tried to apply these seven concepts to Physics and Life Science. The affecting by cold means anti-sunlight and the origin of all diseases. The difference between TM and modern medical science would be in diagnostic methods as well as their theoretical analyses for various diseases. The modern science follows Haeckel's positive dialectics applied by the biological monism, and oriental one(SSHR) does Yin-Yang monism from the studies of Logic of Laotzu (老子) & Chuangtzu (莊子). SSHR would make the theory of exterior & interior of body (表裏論) and six channels (六經) develope scientifically as a diagnostic technique of disease. This theory is an excellent one that can't be found out in modern medical science, and so it should be developed as a scientific theory by using modern mechanic instrument. Chuangtzu asserted that ai was the basic substance of the universe. It is hypothesized that qi (氣) is like small particles -higgs, with dynamic power in modern Physics. We consider cautiously qi could be calculated by mathematics through higgs' bosons in near future.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.35-50
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• 2003

In Korean traditional medicine, there are 4 major diagnoses. They are 'Mang (Watching)', 'Mun (Listening)', 'Mun (Asking)', and 'Jeul (Touching)'. These ways are closely related to each other. Among the four, 'Jeul' is the most famous one because it is the final way of checking the pulse for the cure. Pulse checking has been used as an essential way of diagnosis, but there are some difficulties in doing so in the business matter. To overcome these problems the theories should be studied profoundly and heterogeneously. More importantly, these endeavors must be pursued on the basis that pulse-checking must be. done along with other diagnostic ways to diagnose more precisely and practically. Therefore, I want to study and analyze the pragmatic ways to help the business field. Wang Suk-Hua(王叔和) arranged the methods and theories of 'pulse-checking' that was used before Nea-kyung. The book is called Maek-kyung. But this is too complicated to use in the field. As a result Maek-kyul(脈訣) which is made of songs that help to memorize and practice was gain more popularity than the ${\lceil}$Maekkyung(脈經)${\rfloor}$ itself. But the songs are so simple and compact that the offsprings annotated this book again and made books consist of these annotations. Among these books ${\lceil}$Chandobangronmaekkyulgipsung(纂圖方論脈訣集成)${\rfloor}$(1349) which was written in Won(元) dynasty was imported to Cho-sun(Korea) and used as the most important book on pulse-checking. So I will study ${\lceil}$Maekkyul(脈訣)${\rfloor}$ which contains the essence of ${\lceil}$Chandobangronmaekkyulgipsung(纂圖方論脈訣集成)${\rfloor}$. And I will also study ${\lceil}$Dojumaekkyul(圖註脈訣)${\rfloor}$ and ${\lceil}$Maekkyulyouhae(脈結乳解)${\rfloor}$ as conference. The former, written by Jang-sae-hyun(張世賢), contains narrative paintings and prescriptions according to pulses. And the latter, written by Wang Bang-bu(王邦傅), contains criticism of earlies annotations along with his own theory. ${\lceil}$Chandobangronmaekkyulgipsung(纂圖方論脈訣集成)${\rfloor}$ was chosen as a text book of medical examination according to ${\lceil}$Kyungkukdaejun(經國大典)${\rfloor}$ and had been used during Cho-sun, dynasty after closely corrected by Heo Jun(許浚). It means, during Cho-sun Dynasty, everyone who wants to become doctor had studied pulse-checking through this book, and also means Cho-sun medicine emphasizes practicality. This book and the pulse-checking part of ${\lceil}$Dongeibogam(東醫寶鑑)${\rfloor}$, which published later, made the main frame of pulse-checking during Cho'sun Dynasty. As above, studing ${\lceil}$Chandobangronmaekkyulgipsung(纂圖方論脈訣集成)${\rfloor}$ which was major textbook of pulse-checking in Cho-sun, helps to study pulse checking itself as an important way of diagnosis in Korean traditional medicine. And more than that it helps us to understand. the. practical development of pulse-checking dyring Cho-sun dynasty. With these reasons I studied ${\lceil}$Chandobangronmaekkyulgipsung(纂圖方論脈訣集成)${\rfloor}$ conferring ${\lceil}$Dojumaekkyul(圖註脈訣)${\rfloor}$ and ${\lceil}$Maekkyulyouhae(脈結乳解)${\rfloor}$ to understand ${\lceil}$Maekyung(脈經)${\rfloor}$ which is practical book of pulse-checking. During so I got some achievements and I report it as. follows.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.15-28
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• 1998

One's constitution is formed congenitally and is also acquired, and is relatively stable in its individually manifested function, structure and temperament. It has characteristics of universality, complexity, generality and continuity. It is also manifested in physiological responses and expresses pathologic tendencies including susceptibility. Attempts at understanding constitution has had a long history throughout the world. In Oriental Medicine, the constitution had been acknowledged from the "Huangdi Neijing", which has been a bible in Oriental Medicine for about two thousand years. In many aspects, the "Huangdi Neijing" provides the basis for both basic and practical fields. In order to derive the ideal structure from the "Huangdi Neijing" to Lee Je-ma's(Lee Jayma's) Sasang Constitutional ideas, which can strengthen the understanding of ideal core of Oriental Medicine's constitutional characteristics, the author launched his analysis of the constitutional understandings in the "Huangdi Neijing" as a first step and came to the following: 1. The constitutional understanding in the "Huangdi Neijing" was done both via the physiological responses to heat, pain and acupuncture treatment and the pathologic tendencies via body structure, strength, body heat, courage and obesity. 2. It was recognized that the constitution was formed congenitally and also acquired factors like living conditions including food customs, residents and geographical conditions were explained in detailed. 3. The constitutional typology was suggested both by the general and systematic criterion according to the Yin-yang and the Five phase theories and by single criterion such as obesity, courage and the response to acupuncture treatment. 4. As diagnosis is related to the constitution, courage was adopted for the disease caused by emotions, obesity was for its manifestations of qi and blood, the quantities of qi-blood and Yin-yang in the typology by the Yin-yang and Five phase theories were suggested. 5. In the case of obesity, Yin-yang and Five phase theory, treatment according to the constitutional ideas was mentioned, and their goals were concluded as "being the balancing between Yin and Yang" which means the Yin-yang theory is more practical than the Five phase theory in Oriental Constitutional Medical field. According to the above understandings, the author would like to suggest that the constitutional ideas in the "Huangdi Neijing" based on the Yin-yang theory blossomed via the practical spirit of Zhang Zhong-jing's "Shanghanlun" and at last from Lee Je-ma's(Lee Jayma's) Sasang Constitutional Medicine which realized "the balancing between Yin and yang" through the practical applications of herbal treatments.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.33-85
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• 1998

"변증기문(辯證奇聞)"은 청대(淸代)(1687년(年)) 진사탁(陳士鐸)이 저술(著述)한 의서(醫書)로서 126문(門)의 형식으로 이루어져 있다. 내용을 보면 한의학적 이법방약(理法方藥)의 논리체계를 제시하였다고 볼 수 있다. 명말청초(明末淸初)이후 중국에서는 실증적(實證的)인 학풍(學風)의 등장에 따라 역사이론(歷史理論)에 대한 비판 및 정리작업이 활발히 이루어지기 시작하였으며, 이 시기에 저작된 "변증기문(辯證奇聞)"은 현재 우리나라 임상가(臨床家)에서 널리 회자(膾炙)되고 있는 비방(秘方)과 관련된 의서(醫書)중의 하나로 이에 대한 내용을 정리함으로서 현대와의 연계를 도모해 볼 수 있었다. 주로 부장변증논치(腑臟辨證論治)에 대한 시각에 입각하였고, "상한론(傷寒論)"을 보완하면서 비판한면도 찾아볼 수 있었다. 약물은 체내(體內)의 진액손상여부(津液損傷與否)를 살펴 사용하였다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.111-150
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• 1998

1. 연구배경 및 목적 이제마가 태음인(太陰人) 이열병(裡熱病)을 인식하고 태음인(太陰人) 처방(處方)을 계발한 과정을 파악함으로써 태음인의 병증(病證) 약리(藥理)에 대한 이해를 높이고자 한다. 2. 방 법 동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元) 병증론(病證論)에 나타난 인용문과 처방의 출전을 시대별로 고찰함으로써 병증(病證)과 약리(藥理)에 대한 인식의 변화를 관찰하고 분석하였다. 3. 결 과 이제마(李濟馬) 이전에는 태음인(太陰人) 간열증(肝熱證)이 소양인(少陽人) 위열증(胃熱證)과 다르다는 것은 알았으나, 병리에 있어서는 둘을 구분하지 못하고 똑같이 열결(熱結)로만 이해하였고, 그러면서도 처방은 어느 정도 서로 다르게 쓰여지는 경향이 있었다. 문헌 고찰 결과 위열이 상하로 치성(熾盛)하여 번조(煩燥), 두통(頭痛) 소편불이(小便不利), 편비(便秘)를 거의 대부분 동반하는 소양인 위열증과 '호산지기(呼散之氣) 부족흡취지기(不足吸聚之氣) 태과(太過)로 인해 내부에 조와 열(熱)이 발생함으로써 목동(目疼), 비건(鼻乾), 인통(咽痛), 음일수이 등의 특징적 증상을 보이는 태음인 간열증을 구분할 수 있었다. 한편 약재에 있어서도 갈근, 승마(升麻), 고본(藁本), 백지(白芷), 대황(大黃)은 태음인 간열증의 치방에 군약으로 쓰이는 점에서, 황금(黃芩)과 길경(桔梗)은 폐에 작용하는 약임이 분명하므로, 그리고 라복자(蘿卜子)와 급각은 각각 치담약(治痰藥)과 개열락(開悅樂)이면서 천식(喘息), 해수(咳嗽) 등 폐병증을 함께 치료하는 점에서 각각 태음인 약으로 알 수 있었다.