• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and effect of Biman-tang (BMT) on two different administration periods in the treatment of childhood overweight and obesity. Methods In retrospective study, 39 overweight and obese ($85^{th}$ percentile ${\leq}$ Body Mass Index (BMI)) children were treated with BMT from January 2006 to April 2013 at Korean Medical Clinic in Suwon, Korea. The primary outcomes were the changes in BMI and Obesity Index (OI) from baseline to the treatment groups. Secondary outcomes included the changes in height, weight and safety of the medicine. Comparisons of BMI, OI, height and weight between the short-period (SP) treatment group and the long-period (LP) treatment group were done by using ANCOVA. Results The change of the mean of BMI ($-0.5{\pm}0.6kg/m^2$ vs $-1.4{\pm}0.8kg/m^2$, respectively; p=0.003) and OI ($-3.6{\pm}3.9%$ vs $-9.7{\pm}4.7%$, respectively; p<0.001) showed significant reduction both in SP (n=16) and LP treatment group (n=23). The mean height showed no significant difference in both groups. The mean weight of LP treatment group showed significant reduction compared to SP treatment group ($-0.2{\pm}1.3kg$ vs $-1.6{\pm}1.6kg$, respectively; p=0.006). Most of the children were compliant to the medication and no serious adverse events were found in two groups. Conclusions These findings emphasize that BMT is effective in the treatment of childhood obesity and it requires at least 45 days of treatment for the best result.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6774-6781
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• 2014

This study examined the efficacy and the mechanism of action of biological response modifiers, ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer on human keratinocytes HaCaT cell lines. A non-significant cytotoxic response was obtained in the HaCaT cell lines on treatment with various concentrations of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 for different time durations. Furthermore, the global changes in the mRNA profile of HaCaT cells were investigated using DNA microarrays after stimulation with the ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1. Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 strongly increased FGF2 in HaCaT cells, and were found to be a candidate gene for antioxidant activity and elasticity. Other key candidate genes for antioxidant activity, such as FANCD2, LEPR, and FAS, also show enhanced regulation in HaCaT cells treated with ginsenoside Rb1. This study will be useful for understanding the regulatory genes involved in skin elasticity and signal transduction pathway stimulated by the ginsenoside Rb1. This paper currently focuses on the key factors regulating the interaction of anti-aging principles and skin elasticity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 1991

The purposes of this study were to identify causal factors of Anxiety and to analyze correlation between perceived family support and anxiety in hemiplegic patients. The subjects of this study were 88 hospitalized hemiplegic patients at Kyung - Hee Oriental medicine Hospital. Data were collected by using interview with questionaire from Jan. 15 to Mar, 31, 1990. The measurement tools used by this researcher were Kang's family support scale, Spielberger's trait anxiety scale and the other anxiety scale which was developed by this researcher, approved it's reliability and validity. For the purposes of the study, the collected data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA and the hypothesis was tested by pearson correlation, partial correlation. The results of the study were as follow. 1) The analysis of causal factor of anxiety higher anxiety these three cases ; \circled1 1st causal factor was the delayed recovery of paralyzed upper limbs(2.42$\pm$1.27). \circled2 End causal factor was the dysfunction of physical ability(2.30$\pm$1.29). \circled3 3rd causal factor was difficulty for walking(2.30$\pm$0.83) and the anxiety level(2.02$\pm$0.83) of physical factor was the highest level than any other factors. 2) The hypothesis that the more perceived family support level is the less anxiety level of patient was supported(r＝-.29, p＝.003). 3) The analysis of the general characteristics exerting influences on anxiety level patients ; (sex, age, marrital status, religious, education level, occupation, economic status, experience of hospitalization, care giver, the period of hospitalizatiot side of paralysis). In this analysis, any factor has not a statistical significance.(p＞.05). 4) The analysis of the relationship about effective factors of family support level by the general characteristics of patient (sex, age, marrital status, religious, education level, occupation, economic status, experience of hospitalization, care giver, the period of hospitalization, side of paralysis). In this analysis, there was significant difference on perceived family support between married and bereaved patients(t＝-2.68, p＝ .009) As a result of this study, anxiety level of physical factor was higher than any other factors (psychological factor, social factor) and the delayed recovery of paralyzed upper limbs is the largest causal factor of anxiety of physical factor. Meanwhile, the relationship between the degree of family support and the level of anxiety was negatively correlated but the degree of relationship was low. Therefore, one can infer from this study that sufficient information about recovery of physical problems and family support were effective in preventing and reducing anxiety in hemiplegic patient.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyographic(EMG) activities of trunk and hip muscles between right and left sides while subjects performed prolonged manual task in asymmetric and symmetric weight-bearing posture. Fifteen healthy male college students were recruited for this study. The subjects were asked to perform bimanual upper extremity task for 6 minutes in two different standing postures. In the symmetric weight-bearing posture, the subjects were standing with evenly distributed body weights to both legs. In the asymmetric weight-bearing posture, the subjects distributed about 90% of their body weight onto their preferred(supporting) leg and 10% of their body weight onto the opposite leg while they were standing. EMG activities of the right and left internal oblique, erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius were measured and normalized as % MVIC. Then the EMG data were statistically analyzed using paired t-tests. The EMG activities of all measured muscles were not significantly different between the right and left side in the symmetrical weight-bearing posture(p>0.05). However, the EMG of the supporting side internal oblique was significantly lower than the opposite side(p<0.05), and the EMG of the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius were significantly greater on the supporting side(p<0.05). The results of this study support that unbalanced use of right and left muscle possibly causes the changes in muscle length which results in asymmetry of trunk and hip muscles. Furthermore, the uneven weight support onto right and left legs will cause a distortion of viscoelastic ligaments around hip and sacroiliac joints in the long run. Further studies to determine the effect of various manual tasks on the trunk and hip muscles as well as the effect of asymmetrical weight-bearing standing posture on hip and back muscle fatigue may be required.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.47-64
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• 2016

Objectives: In the present study, a genetic analysis was conducted to investigate the association of the expression of SNPs of EDN1 gene polymorphism with the clinical phenotype in bronchial asthma patients with either excess or deficiency syndrome.Methods: Ninety-four healthy control subjects and 52 asthma patients were included in this study. The asthma patients were divided into two groups: those with deficiency syndrome and those with excess syndrome. We searched the exonic and promoter areas of the EDN1 gene in the NCBI website SNPs with <0.01 minor allele frequency (MAF) and <0.01 heterozygosity. Pro programs were performed to obtain the odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and p-value. Multiple logistic regression models were conducted to analyze the genetic data.Results: In our genotype and allele analyses, there were significant differences in the codominant 2 model of the rs3087459 SNP genotype and also in the CGG haplotype between the control group and the asthma group. Genotype and allele analyses were conducted between the deficiency and excess syndrome group. There were significant differences in the dominant and log-additive model and also in the frequency of C-alleles of rs3087459 SNP genotype. There were significant differences in codominant 1, dominant and log-additive model and T-allele of rs5370 SNP genotype. The AGG haplotype also revealed significant differences.Conclusions: EDN1 SNPs (rs3087459, rs5370) showed a significant association with symptomatic excess syndrome in Korean asthmatic patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.929-939
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• 2016

Objectives: Strokes have diverse symptoms and signs. One of ten stroke patients has chronic pain after a stroke. Pain after a stroke interrupts rehabilitation and worsens quality of life, but there is no efficient treatment for this pain. This study surveyed and reports on the clinical studies of treatment for chronic pain after a stroke. Methods: We searched journals for reports on clinical studies of treatment for chronic pain after a stroke through the databases OASIS (http://oasis.kiom.re.kr), NDSL (ndsl.kr), Kmbase (http://kmbase.medric.or.kr/), and PubMed (http://www. pubmed.com). The search words were "stroke & pain", "jungpung中風 & pain", "pungbi風痺", "cerebral hemorrhage & pain", and "cerebral infarction & pain". Results: Twenty-nine studies of treatment for chronic pain after a stroke were found. Of these, 15 were randomized controlled trials, 10 were nonrandomized controlled trials, and 4 were "before and after" studies. Treatments were diverse, including acupuncture, electroacupuncture, herbal acupuncture, herbal medicine, and more. The treatment periods were longer than 3 weeks on average. Conclusions: These results show that good quality randomized controlled trials of treatment for chronic pain after a stroke are small in number. We need larger and more diverse studies of treatment for chronic pain after a stroke.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.929-933
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• 2012

This study was done to examine the prognosis according to onset and duration of treatment in acute ischemic cerebral infarction patients. We analysed NIHSS(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) score of acute ischemic cerebral infarction patients who visited department of Internal Korean Medicine, one medical center in Busan from January to December 2009. We divided patients into two groups by the initial time of treatment. Group A is admitted within 7 days, Group B is admitted from 7 to 14 days. We used NIHSS for functional recovery after 3 weeks later from admission day, and analyzed prognostic factor by analysis of covariance. All patients showed statistically significant improvement after 1week, 2weeks, 3weeks from admission, and between 1st week and 2nd week. However, there was no significant difference between 2nd week and 3rd week. NIHSS recovery score after 3weeks were analysed according to the timing of treatment. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups. The percentage of aggravated patients showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. This study suggests that earlier admission care has an effect on functional recovery of patients with acute ischemic cerebral infarction. Further research on the large scale and long-term follow up is required.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2018

This study aims to evaluate healthcare providers' satisfaction and demands pertaining to the collaborative first-stage pilot project between Korean medicine and Western medicine. This survey was conducted via electronic mail among 33 healthcare providers participating in the pilot project. Likert type 5-point scale or Likert type 7-point scale was used to evaluate each item. The response of '${\geq}4$' on the 5-point scale, and '${\geq}5$' on the 7-point scale were analyzed as positive answers. A total of 27 healthcare providers (81.8%) responded, of which 9 were western medical doctors (33.3%) and 18 were Korean medical doctors (66.7%). In respect to satisfaction of the pilot project, 88.9% gave positive responses on improved patients' convenience, 59.3% on treatment efficiency and 55.6% on diagnosis efficiency. In terms of self-evaluation on the pilot project, 70.4% gave positive answers on changes in quality of collaborative treatment, 74.1% on cooperation of results, 63.0% on cooperation of structure and 51.9% on cooperation of process. In terms of demand for collaborative treatment or the pilot project, 'standardized manual' and 'simplification of administrative procedures' showed highest demand, resulting up to 88.9%, followed by 85.2% demanding more public relations and 63.9% demanding enlargement of participating hospitals. This survey revealed that healthcare providers are generally satisfied with patients' convenience and treatment effects. Further studies are needed to develop a standardized manual, simplified administrative procedures, and expanded pilot project contents.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 2018

This study was designed to prove the effect of the Daoyin exercise therapy combined with complex korean medicine treatment on pain and function improvement of low back pain patients. A retrospective observational study. 30 low back pain patients, checked numeric rating scale(NRS) over 5, were treated with the Daoyin exercise therapy combined with complex korean medicine treatment. NRS, roland & morris disability questionnaire(RMDQ), range of motion(ROM), isokinetic muscle strength, and euroqol five demension questionnaire(EQ-5D) were checked to evaluate patients. The Daoyin exercise therapy combined with complex korean medicine treatment reduced NRS $5.67{\pm}1.40$ to $3.73{\pm}1.72$, improved RMDQ $10.33{\pm}4.91$ to $8.17{\pm}5.40$, strengthened lumbar muscle's peak torque and improved EQ-5D $0.56{\pm}0.20$ to $0.63{\pm}0.15$ and euroqol visual analogue scale(EQVAS) $46.80{\pm}19.95$ to $57.50{\pm}19.93$ but had no effect on ROM. NRS decreased significantly as the number of trials increased. No one had serious adverse reactions. As described above, the Daoyin exercise therapy combined with complex korean medicine treatment can help reducing low back pain, improving lumbar function, strengthening lumbar muscle power and stamina and improving quality of life of low back pain patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.363-367
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• 2011

Generally, the osteoporosis of a middle-aged women have been reported that was a high risk in underweight, but the obese women have feasible osteoporosis. Therefor, the subjects were 120 middle-aged women that were diagnosed with osteoporosis in the bone mineral densitometer (BMD), this study was done for the purpose of analyzing the relationship between osteoporosis and body mass index (BMI) of the middle-aged women. We were determined BMI which was less than 18.5 underweight, 18.5 to 22.9 normal, 23.0 to 24.9 overweight, 25.0 to 29.9 obesity and extremely obesity were more than 30. When we examined the BMI distribution of the subjects, it was 2 women (1.7%) for underweight, 18 women (15.0%) for normal, 19 women (15.8%) for overweight, 75 women (62.5%) for obesity and 6 women (5.0%) for extremely obesity. Also, the relationship between osteoporosis and BMI of the subjects, it was the osteoporosis in 13 cases out of 18 (72.2%) with normal, in 14 case out of 19 (73.7%) with overweight, in 63 case out of 75 (84%) with obesity, in 5 case out of 6 (83.3%) with extremely obesity, besides, the osteoporosis usually marks the highest in a BMI with obesity. In conclusion, the result of analyzing the relationship between osteoporosis and BMI, we found out that the osteoporosis of the middle-aged women was high risk with obesity, and that was mostly higher the osteopenia rather than osteoporosis.