• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the organoleptic profiles of Kefir and yogurt supplemented with Mentha piperita's (peppermint) oil. The organoleptic profiles of Kefir and yogurt were evaluated by 15 trained panelists between 20 to 50 years of age. The products of Kefir and yogurt were prepared with Mentha piperita's oil at concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1.0%. Taste, color, and overall acceptability scores were the same or lower in Kefir supplemented with 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, or 1.0% Mentha piperita's oil than the control group (0%). The scores of all categories were higher for yogurt containing 0.1% Mentha piperita's oil than the control group. Taste, color, and overall acceptability decreased in proportion to the added amount of Mentha piperita's oil. Further studies are needed to evaluate the functionalities and effectiveness of Mentha piperita's oil in promoting human health.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.699-709
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• 2020

This study utilized the crust by-product from dry-aged beef as a flavor enhancer for brown sauce and analyzed its physicochemical and organoleptic properties. The physiochemical properties include proximate composition, color, pH, swelling yield, viscosity, and salinity. The organoleptic properties were studied through electronic nose and sensory evaluations. The moisture content of the samples decreased while fat and protein content increased as crust content increased (p<0.05). The lightness, yellowness, and redness increased with increasing crust content (p<0.05). The pH of the samples also increased as the crust content increased. The viscosity significantly increased while salinity decreased with increasing crust content (p<0.05). The aromatic profiles of the control and samples with 5% and 10% crust addition were distinguishable; however, samples with crust additives between 10% and 15% gave similar aromatic profiles. The taste of the control sample was significantly lower than that of the samples formulated with the crust (p<0.05), and the sensory viscosity of the samples with 10% crust was significantly higher than that of the control (p<0.05). Flavor and overall acceptability tended to increase with increasing crust content of up to 10% addition (p<0.05). These results show that the crust from dry-aged beef loin crust is a suitable natural flavor enhancer for brown sauce and improves its physiochemical and organoleptic properties.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2018

Purpose: The present study investigated the nutritional and organoleptic characteristics of two African leafy vegetables (ALVs)-jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius L) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)-at various drying temperatures. Methods: The thin-layer drying of cowpea leaves and jute mallow was studied at various temperatures ($40-100^{\circ}C$) in a convective laboratory dryer, and the nutrient profiles of the dried vegetables were determined. The nutrients considered were vitamins B2 and C, and ${\beta}$-carotene. The level of vitamin C was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), whereas the levels of ${\beta}$-carotene and vitamin B2 were determined by titration. Results: ${\beta}$-carotene was the most stable nutrient, whereas vitamin C was the least stable nutrient in both cowpea leaves and jute mallow. The drying parameters-temperature and time-revealed that temperature had the most profound effect on vegetable nutrient stability. Organoleptic tests were carried out on the fresh and dried vegetable; there were no significant differences in preference between the fresh and dried ALVs (95% confidence interval). Conclusions: The present study revealed that the vegetables can be preserved by drying, and the study could be used as a guide for effective drying of those vegetables.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.563-577
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• 2020

This study assessed breed differences in fatty acid composition and meat quality of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and semitendinosus (SE) of Angus×Chinese Simmental (AS), Wagyu×Chinese Simmental (WS), and Chinese Simmental (CS). CS (n=9), AS (n=9) and WS (n=9) were randomly selected from a herd of 80 bulls which were fed and managed under similar conditions. Fatty acid profile and meat quality parameters were analyzed in duplicate. Significant breed difference was observed in fatty acid and meat quality profiles. AS exhibited significantly (p<0.05) lower C16:0 and higher C18:1n9c compared with CS. AS breed also had a tendency (p<0.10) to lower total saturated fatty acid (SFA), improve C18:3n3 and total unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) compared with CS. Crossbreed of AS and WS had significantly (p<0.05) improved the lightness, redness, and yellowness of muscles, and lowered cooking loss, pressing loss, and shear force compared with CS. These results indicated that fatty acid composition and meat quality generally differed among breeds, although the differences were not always similar in different tissues. Fatty acid composition, meat color, water holding capacity, and tenderness favored AS over CS. Thus, Angus cattle might be used to improve fatty acid and meat quality profiles of CS, and AS might contain better nutritive value, organoleptic properties, and flavor, and could be potentially developed as an ideal commercial crossbreed.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.625-638
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• 2022

This study aimed to carefully investigate the effect of hydrolysis using Flavourzyme on meat quality, antioxidative status, and taste-related compounds in breast of Samgyetang that was supplemented with black garlic (BG). Four different treatment groups were compared: (1) conventional Samgyetang (control), (2) Samgyetang hydrolyzed with Flavourzyme (1%, v/w) (FS), (3) Samgyetang made with the BG extract without hydrolysis (NBG), and (4) BG samgyetang pre-treated with Flavourzyme (1%, v/w) in a water bath at 55℃ for 2.5 h and hydrolyzed before being processed (HBG). All the treatment groups were cooked by retorting at conditions 121℃ and 1.5 kg/cm² for 1 h. Improved umami profiles through the increase of umami-related nucleotides (5c-GMP, 5'-IMP) and free amino acids-aspartic acid and glumtamic acid, in Samgyetang breast was recorded following hydrolysis. The HBG group tended to impart stronger scavenging activity toward free radicals compared with the other two groups, while not differing with NBG group regarding suppressing malondialdehyde. Textural properties were improved through hydrolysis, wherein the shear force value decreased from 2.29 kgf in the control to 1.19 and 1.25 kgf in the FS and HBG group. Moisture percentages were highly retained, with the redness score increasing and the lightness color decreasing following hydrolysis. In conclusion, the results of this study can be a preliminary information of the effect of hydrolysis pre-treatment for BG samgyetang. Further experiments are required to compare various enzymes along with its organoleptic acceptances.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2016

The effects of medicinal mushroom (Sparassis crispa) powder supplementation on the rheological property of dough and the quality of bread were investigated. Naturally dried S. crispa powders (NDSCP) and freeze-dried ones (FDSCP) were prepared. Farinograph profiles of dough showed that mushroom powder addition at levels higher than 1% led to reduced dough stability suggested by decreased development time and increased weakness. The incorporation of S. crispa powders was significantly (p<0.05) lower compared to other mushrooms which might be attributed to its high content of beta-glucan. FDSCP was chosen over NDSCP because of its fragrant flavor which could be ascribed to the preservation of volatile polyphenol components. The quality of FDSCP bread was evaluated with respect to specific volume, texture, color, and organoleptic qualities. The specific volume of bread with S. crispa powder decreased compared to the control, while textural properties, such as hardness, chewiness, and gumminess, were enhanced. Sensory evaluation showed that 0.3% FDSCP incorporation presented the highest bread quality. With its daily consumption, S. crispa supplemented bread can provide consumers with multiple health benefits.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

Molds cause severe cheese deterioration, even though some white and blue molds are used for the manufacture of Camembert and Blue cheese, respectively. The species of Geotrichum, Moniliella, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Fusarium, Phoma, and Cladosporium are the main fungi that affect contamination during cheese ripening. Once deteriorated by fungal spoilage, cheese becomes toxic and inedible. Fungal deterioration of cheese decreases the nutritional value, flavor profiles, physicochemical and organoleptic properties, and increases toxicity and infectious disease. Fungal contamination during cheese ripening is highly damaging to cheese production in Korean farmstead milk processing companies. Therefore, these companies hesitate to develop natural and ripened cheese varieties. This article discusses the recent and ongoing developments in the removal techniques of fungal contamination during cheese ripening. There are 2 categories of antifungal agents: chemical and natural. Major chemical agents are preservatives (propionic acid, sodium propionate, and calcium propionate) and ethanol. Among the natural agents, grapefruit seed extract, phytoncide, essential oils, and garlic have been investigated as natural antifungal agents. Additionally, some studies have shown that antibiotics such as natamycin and Delvocid$^{(R)}$, have antifungal activities for cheese contaminated with fungi. Microbial resources such as probiotic lactic acid bacteria, Propionibacterium, lactic acid bacteria from Kimchi, and bacteriocin are well known as antifungal agents. In addition, ozonization treatment has been reported to inhibit the growth activity of cheese-contaminating fungi.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.818-824
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• 2003

전국에 분포되어 있는 우수메주를 일반분석 및 관능평가를 통해 선발하고 선발된 메주의 우수 균주를 분리 동정하여 형태학적 생육특성을 조사하였다. 지역별 메주의 성분분석 결과, 수분함량은 7.2∼28.8%, 조단백질 함량은 32.7∼42.3%의 범위를 나타내었다. 아미노태질소 함량은 경북지역의 메주가 770.8 mg%이었고, 전북지역 메주가 239.9 mg%로 가장 낮았다. 각 지역에서 생산된 메주로 만든 된장의 유리아미노산 함량은 전북 된장이 4,169.6 mg%, glutamic acid는 경북이 499.4 mg%로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 그리고 메주의 관능검사 결과 경북지역에서 수거한 메주가 색상, 외관, 종합적 품질평가에서 타지역과 유의성(p<0.05) 있게 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 경북지역 메주에서 분리한 균의 형태학적 특성은gram 양성, 호기성 간균이며 운동성이 있었다. 세포의 지방산 조성중 주요 성분의 함량은 $C_{15:0}$ anteiso 지방산이 30.7%, $C_{15:1}$ iso 지방산이 28.9%, $C_{17:0}$ anteiso 지방산이 13.3%,그리고 $C_{17:0}$ iso지방산이 11.2%를 나타내었다. 이 균주의 identification coefficient는 표준균주와 같은 0.653을 나타내었으며, Bergey의 매뉴얼과 지방산 profile에 따라서 분석한 결과 B. licheniformis NH20으로 동정되었다. B. licheniformis NH20의 최적 생육 온도는 32$^{\circ}C$, 최적 초기 pH는 7.0, 최적 염도는 2%, 그리고 배양시간은 9시간이었다. 9시간이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.920-926
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• 2010

본 연구는 단단한 세포벽을 이루고 있어 지질 추출 및 유용 물질의 용출이 어려운 C. vulgaris를 이용하여, 1200 psi의 압력으로 1회 및 2회의 homogenization 전 처리가 이루어 졌으며, chloroform-methanol 혼합 용액으로 기존 $65^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 짧은 시간(1 hr) 동안 비등이 이루어지던 것과는 달리, $35^{\circ}C$ 온도조건에서 적정시간(5 hr) 동안 교반하는 최적용매추출법으로 얻어낸 지질 추출 부산물에 대한 식품영양학적 가치 평가와 세포독성, 면역 활성 탐색을 통하여 식품첨가물로 이용 가능성을 확인하였다. 일반성분 및 무기질, 아미노산 함량 분석결과 대부분의 유용 물질의 용출량이 증가하였으며, 특히 HCM-35는 총 열량의 감소와 함께 carbohydrate와 crude protein이 각각 30.8%, 56.8%로 높았으며, 그 외 필수 mineral 및 아미노산 함량의 증가를 통하여 다이어트 및 건강식품 첨가물로서 높은 가치를 확인했다. 또한, 정상세포(HEK293, HEL299)에 대한 세포독성은 16% 이하로 낮으며, 면역증진 효과를 분석한 결과 면역 B세포와 T세포에서 각각 $12.8\times10^4$ cells/mL, $11.9\times10^4$ cells/mL로 6일째 가장 높은 생육도를 보였으며, 추출 전 C. vulgaris와 비교하여 큰 차이가 없었다. C. vulgaris의 부산물은 높은 식품학적 및 생리활성 가치가 있다고 사료되며, 부산물의 소재화 가치가 높고, 특히 식품첨가물 이용 시, 다이어트 및 면역 기능을 통한 건강 향상이 기대된다. 또한 색깔, 매끈한 정도, 향기에 관한 관능 성 평가에서 높은 점수를 나타내어, 다이어트 및 건강보조식품 첨가물로 이용될 수 있을 것이다. 더 나아가 이와 같은 부산물 이용은 환경 친화적 자원 내 에너지 절약형 산업으로 환경오염문제 해결 및 산업구조 고도화에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.