• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2008

A gene's influence on an organism's Darwinian fitness ultimately determines whether it will be lost, maintained or modified by natural selection, yet biologists have few gene expression systems in which to measure whole-organism gene function. In the Department of Molecular Ecology at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology we are training "molecularly enabled field biologists" to use transformed plants silenced in the expression of environmentally regulated genes and the plant's native habitats as "laboratories." Research done in these natural laboratories will, we hope, increase our understanding of the function of genes at the level of the organism. Examples of the role of threonine deaminase and RNA-directed RNA polymerases illustrate the process.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2004

As a result of the enormous amount of information that has been collected with E. coli over the past half century (e.g. genome sequence, mutant phenotypes, metabolic and regulatory networks, etc.), we now have detailed knowledge about gene regulation, protein activity, several hundred enzyme reactions, metabolic pathways, macromolecular machines, and regulatory interactions for this model organism. However, understanding how all these processes interact to form a living cell will require further characterization, quantification, data integration, and mathematical modeling, systems biology. No organism can rival E. coli with respect to the amount of available basic information and experimental tractability for the technologies needed for this undertaking. A focused, systematic effort to understand the E. coli cell will accelerate the development of new post-genomic technologies, including both experimental and computational tools. It will also lead to new technologies that will be applicable to other organisms, from microbes to plants, animals, and humans. E. coli is not only the best studied free-living model organism, but is also an extensively used microbe for industrial applications, especially for the production of small molecules of interest. It is an excellent representative of Gram-negative commensal bacteria. E. coli may represent a perfect model organism for systems biology that is aimed at elucidating both its free-living and commensal life-styles, which should open the door to whole-cell modeling and simulation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

It was proposed that the substance of Kyungrak is a new anatomic-histological system in the living body and entirely different either from the nervous system or blood and lyphatic vessels. This system is covering the whole body, regulating and coordinating the biological processes that lie at the bottom of the vital activity. One of the substance of Kyungrak is acublast. The aim of this study was to isolate and culture the acublast from human placenta or blood of umbilical cord. It was found that particular cell organism isolate from placenta and cultured with RPMI 1640 contaning 10% FBS and hormones was grown for four weeks. Although this organism was different from blood cells morphologically, biochemical study of the organism is required to identify as the acublast.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1150-1159
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• 2014

This paper proposes a method for extracting tissue cells from an organism image by an electron microscope and getting the whole cell number and the area from the cell. In general, the difference between the cell color and the background is used to extract tissue cell. However, there may be a problem when overlapped cells are seen as a single cell. To solve the problem, we split them by using cell size and curvature. This method has a 99% accuracy rate. To measure the cell area, we compute two areas, the inside and boundary of the cell. The inside is simply calculated by the number of pixels. The cell boundary is obtained by applying super sampling, linear interpolation, and cubic spline interpolation. It improves the error rate, 18%, 19%, and 120% respectively, in comparison to the counting method that counts a pixel area as 1.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2004

Since the completion of the genome project of the nematode C. elegans in 1998, functional genomic approaches have been applied to elucidate the gene and protein networks in this model organism. The recent completion of the whole genome of C. briggsae, a close sister species of C. elegans, now makes it possible to employ the comparative genomic approaches for identifying regulatory mechanisms that are conserved in these species and to make more precise annotation of the predicted genes. RNA interference (RNAi) screenings in C. elegans have been performed to screen the whole genome for the genes whose mutations give rise to specific phenotypes of interest. RNAi screens can also be used to identify genes that act genetically together with a gene of interest. Microarray experiments have been very useful in identifying genes that exhibit co-regulated expression profiles in given genetic or environmental conditions. Proteomic approaches also can be applied to the nematode, just as in other species whose genomes are known. With all these functional genomic tools, genetics will still remain an important tool for gene function studies in the post genome era. New breakthroughs in C. elegans biology, such as establishing a feasible gene knockout method, immortalized cell lines, or identifying viruses that can be used as vectors for introducing exogenous gene constructs into the worms, will augment the usage of this small organism for genome-wide biology.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

This paper documents a holistic study of the kidney and its symptom. To this end, the relationship between internal organs and its diseases have been studied from th e viewpoint of the connecting role of the kidney channel of foot-shaoyin. The results of this study are as follows; The function of the kidney has specific re lations with the liver, lung, heart, urinary bladder, throat, tongue, chest, sole of the foot, inside of the thigh and waist. These mutual relations reflect the pathological changes of the kidney. So physiological function and symptom of the kidney can be better understood throu gh the connecting role of the kidney channel of foot-shaoyin on the concept of the organism as a whole. This is the key of the clinical treatment based on the precept sof oriental medicine.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.361-363
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• 1998

Occurrence of soft rots was observed on celery that was massively grown in Pyungchang, Kangwon-Do, Korea. Soft rot symptom appeared first on the lower parts of the celery which eventually extended into whole aboveground parts of it. The casual organism isolated from the infected lesions was identified as Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora based on the physiological and chemical characteristics, and on the results of the Biolog program (Biolog Inc., U. S. A.). E. carotovora subsp. carotovora is the first described bacterium which causes the bacterial soft rot disease on celery in Korea.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.259-284
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• 2002

In the history of cinema, Sergei Eisenstein is always considered as a pioneer to conceive of cinema primarily as a form of expressing thought rather than as a representation of reality. For him, montage is the indispensable method to construct an open totality of thought and image in movement. It functions as a basic thread running through two poles of filmic composition, that is, the organic and the pathetic. The organic is concerned with the composition of the film structure as a whole, while the pathetic is involved in an ongoing process of registering a leaping point in various filmic sequences. The ultimate goal of montage for Eisenstein is to create the cinema of ideas which can synthesize both emotional and intellectual elements in the filmic composition. In his system of intellectual cinema, the identity of image and thought externalizes the sensory-motor unity of nature and man along the ascending spiral of centrifugal force of the film. Indeed, in both theory and practice, Eisenstein firmly argues that nature not only provides basic laws for the organic composition of the film, but also expresses itself in the form of the whole which brings out the experience of totality in the film text, the audience, and surely Eisenstein himself.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.302-307
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• 1999

Occurrence of soft rots was observed on Dendrobium phalaenopsis and Phalaenopsis sp. that were grown at the greenhouses in Sunchon and Kwangyang areas, Chonnam province of Korea in 1997 and 1998. Typical soft rot symptom appeared frequently on young plants of D. phalaenopsis and Phalaenopsis sp. Soft rot symptom usually appeared on old leaves of D. phalaenopsis, and extended into whole leaves, accompanying blighting of whole plants. Symptom began as a small water-soaked lesion on old leaves of Phalaenopsis sp., which enlarged rapidly on the leaves and eventually resulted in soft rots of whole plants. The causal organism isolated from the infected lesions was identified as Erwinia chrysanthemi based on its pathogenicity, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and the results of the BIOLOGTM program. The bacterial soft rot caused by e. chrysanthemi was firstly describe din D. phalaenopsis and Phalanopsis sp. in Korea.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.72-84
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• 1994

A model to explain the observed kinetics in a whole process of Cheddar-cheese ripening has been developed. It includes growth and lysis of cells in the cheese matrix, cell-wall bound protelnases and intracellular dipeptidases that are released into cheese upon cell lysis, and the production of dipeptides and amino acids from casein in cheese. Model simulations have been conducted to figure out the crucial factors in the process of the cheese ripening. The influential factors have been found to be the cell numbers and the dipeptidase activity at the beginning of the cheese ripening, and the cell-lysis rate of cheese starters. The simulation results have also suggested the use of a mixed culture as well as the experimental screening for a more suitable organism as a cheese starter hence, the model shows how to accelerate the cheese ripening.