• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2006

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) contents in the sewage sludge derived from the residential and industrial areas were determined in order to characterize contemporary organic contamination levels as a part of the ongoing development of the environmentally sound sewage sludge management strategy in Korea. OPPs were extracted from freeze-dried sludges in a ultrasonic extractor. The extracts were cleaned-up by florisil column and subsequently fed into gas chromatograph/nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC/NPD) for determining OPP contents. Diazinon, dimethoate, disulfoton, EPN, malathion, methyl parathion, parathion, phorate and sulfotep were present in the appreciable amount in the domestic sewage sludges. The sum of the 9 OPPs in the sewage sludge varied from 534.8 to 15552.1 ${\mu}g/kg$, dry wt..

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1452-1456
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• 2012

The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in anaerobic sewage sludge was characterized. The net methane oxidation was observed in samples amended with methane plus sulfate or with methane alone, whereas methane formation was observed in the samples without methane, indicating that methane oxidation and formation occurred simultaneously. The ratio of the net methane oxidation rate to $H_2S$ formation was 100:1, suggesting that the AOM was not closely associated with sulfate reduction in the anaerobic sludge. The net AOM was positively associated with the methane concentration and sludge dilution ratio. However, the rate of AOM was negatively correlated with organic substrate (acetate) concentration. Therefore, the production and oxidation of methane could be controlled by environmental conditions and dissolved organic compounds in the bulk solution.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 1984

석회(石灰)를 첨가(添加)한 맥주오염(麥酒汚泥)를 신개간지(新開墾地) 토양(土壤)에 직접시용(直接施用)하고 옥수수에 대(對)한 비교(肥效)를 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 전토양(田土壤)에서 석회(石灰)를 첨가(添加)한 맥주오염(麥酒汚泥)의 무기화(無機化)는 생오염(生汚泥)에 비(比)하여 빨랐으며 이는 석회첨가(石灰添加) 오염(汚泥)의 C/N율(率)이 낮고 Ca함량(含量)이 높았던 것에 기인(基因)된 것 같다. 맥주오염(麥酒汚泥) 시용량(施用量)이 증가(增加)할수록 생육상황(生育狀況)이 양호(良好)하고 수량(收量)이 증가(增加)되었으며 토양중(土壤中) 질소(窒素) 및 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)도 같은 경향(傾向)이었다. 그러나 석회첨가(石灰添加) 오염(汚泥)에서 암모니아태(態) 질소(窒素) 휘산(揮散)이 높은 것으로 판단(判斷)되어 생오염(生汚泥)가 유기자원(有機資源)으로서는 더 유망(有望)한 것으로 보인다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.136-146
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• 2007

상향류 혐기성 블랭킷 반응조를 이용한 매립지 침출수 처리시 입상슬러지 첨가 유무에 상관없이 성공적인 처리가 가능하였다. 입상슬러지의 첨가는 초기 운전기간를 현저히 단축할 수 있었다. 수리학적 체류시간 1일과 $4-8kgCOD/m^3.d$ 의 유기물 부하율에서 Control 반응조와 Granule 반응조의 COD 제거율은 90% 이상을 유지하였다. 실험기간 동안 입상슬러지 첨가 유무에 상관없이 슬러지 표면과 반응조 벽면에 무기 침전물이 축적되었다. 비메탄 활성도는 미생물의 기질에 대한 적응도와 유기물 부하량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. Granule 반응조의 최대 비메탄 활성도의 값은 $0.57gCOD/g{\cdot}VSS{\cdot}.d$로 나타났다. 비록 본 연구에서는 과도한 무기물 축적으로 인한 비메탄 활성도의 저감은 발생하지 않았으나 무기물의 제거를 위하여 유입수의 전처리 공정이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2002

MLSS 농도가 5967에서 8400mg/L인 농축 하수슬러지가 초음파에 의하여 분해되었다. 본 연구에서는 초음파를 이용한 하수슬러지의 처리시 용해성 BOD, 슬러지 생분해성, C/N 비, 총질소, 탁도, 슬러지 형태학적인 변화에 대한 거동 특성을 조사하였다. C/N비와 총질소 제거 실험에서 최적의 초음파 조사시간이 10분임을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 조사시간 60분 경과한 MLSS 5967mg/L의 슬러지 생분해도(SBOD/TCOD)는 초기값 0.013에서0.76으로 증가되었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 얻어진 실험 결과들은 초음파를 이용한 하수슬러지 재활용에서 유용한 공학적 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1347-1351
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• 2006

폐수처리장에서 발생하는 유기성 폐슬러지를 고체 연료로 전환하고자 하였다. 감압유탕처리된 슬러지의 발열량과 수분함량에 대한 감압의 정도와 유탕 시간 및 온도의 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 탈수슬러지의 수분함량과 발열량은 각각 81.1%와 2,930 kcal/kg를 나타냈다. 실험 결과 감압 정도와 유탕 시간은 감압유탕처리된 슬러지의 발열량 값에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 인자임을 알 수 있었다. 760 mmHg, 684 mmHg 그리고 630 mmHg 상태에서 $180^{\circ}C$로 25분간 유탕처리된 슬러지의 수분 함량은 각각 32.4%, 14.2% 그리고 11.6%로 나타났다. 684 mmHg 상태에서 $140^{\circ}C$로 15분과 25분간 감압유탕처리된 슬러지의 발열량은 각각 5,400 kcal/kg와 5,540 kcal/kg을 나타냈으며, 630 mmHg에서 유탕처리된 슬러지는 5,520 kcal/kg과 5,660 kcal/kg의 발열량을 나타냈다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2000

In this study, sewage were treated with operating Two-step Aeration System and conventional activated sludge process together in a condition. At the same HRT 8hr of Two-step Aeration System and Activated Sludge Process, BOD treatment efficiency of 1st sedimentation basin effluent 36.9% by Two-step Aeration system was 12.3% higher than 24.65 by Activated Sludge Process and the COD treatment efficiency 39.8% by two-step Aeration System was 11.6.3% higher than 28.2% by Activated Sludge Process. BOD and COD treatment efficiencies of 2nd sedimentation basin effluent were 88.1% and 85.6% Two-step Aeration System and were 83.8% and 82.3% Activated Sludge Process. In the first treatment, as BOD was relatively removed a lot, F/M ratio 0.17, $0.21{\cdot}BOD/kg{\cdot}MLSS.d$ was maintained by Activated Sludge Process. Therefore it was proved that organic matter treatment efficiency by Two-step Aeration System os Higher than by Activated Sludge Process in a aeration time 8hr. $NH_4^{+}-N$ treatment efficiencies were 55.5% by Two-step Aeration System and 39.75 by Activated sludge Process. $NO_3^{-}-N$ concentration in 2nd. sedimentation basin effluent were 3.33% by Two-step Aeration System and 2.36% by Activated Sludge Process. From this result, Two-step Aeration System was proved more advantageous treatment process for nitrification than Activated Sludge Process. The fluctuation range of BOD, COD and SS concentration in 2nd sedimentation basin effluent $16~33mg/{\ell}$, $15~23mg/{\ell}$ and $14~22mg/{\ell}$ by Two-step Aeration System was smaller than $16~57mg/{\ell}$, $15~25mg/{\ell}$ by Activated sludge Process. Overall the fluctuation range in 2nd sediment basin effluent by was smaller than by Activated Sludge Process. As a result, it is possible for this Two-step Aeration with no facility investment and a little of operation condition change in a conventional sewage treatment plant to get stability and nitrification of treatment water quality.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 A 지역의 하수슬러지 건조장치가 설치되기 전과 후 탈수슬러지의 조성 및 성상, 중금속함유량 등을 측정 및 조사 분석을 하였다. 분석결과 건조로 설치전보다 약 95.7%의 제거효율을 보였으며, 설계값으로 1차건조로 35%, 2차건조로 10% 함수율을 제거하지만, 측정해본결과 1차건조로 20.8%, 리본 3.3%로 실제 운전효과가 더 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 중금속 함유량은 건조장치 설치 전 Cu : 352~614ppm, Hg : 1.3~1.44ppm, Cd : 1.1~1.86ppm, Pb : 17.25~ 28.93 ppm, As : 1ppm 이고 설치 후 Cu : 340~350 ppm, Hg : 0 ppm, Cd : 0~0.021 ppm, Pb : 0 ppm, As : 0~0.043 ppm으로 건조장치설치 전과 후 모두 법정 기준치에 초과하지 않음을 확인하였다. 또한 건조장치를 통과한 하수슬러지는 평균적으로 ${\frac{1}{4}}$의 건조슬러지가 발생하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.525-532
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate capability of dyeing wastewater treatment for 3 type reactors. These reactors were Packed Bed Reactor(PBR), Fluidized Bed reactor(FBR) and Moving Media Complete Mixing Activated Sludge reactor(MMCMAS). Experiments of PBR and FBR were performed by various packing ratios and organic loading rates, experiments of MMCMAS were performed by various organic loading rates. In order to obtain ${SBOD}_5$ removal efficiencies of more than 90%, the F/Mv ratios of PBR, FBR, MMCMAS were 0.11 kgBOD/kgMLVSS$\cdot$d, 0.12 kgBOD/kgMLVSS$\cdot$d, and 0.37 kgBOD/kgMLSS$\cdot$d, respectively. So MMCMAS system which has more active microorganisms showed better capability of organic removal and also stronger dynamic and shock loadings than those of PBR and FBR. In PBR and FBR, the media packing ratio of 20% showed better performance of organic matters removal effciencies than 10% and 30%, but sludge production rate at media packing ratio of 30% was relatively lower than that of 10% and 20%. When more than 90% organic matters removal efficiency was obtained, the ratios of attached biomass to total biomass at PBR, FBR, MMCMAS were 89~99%, 87~98%, and 54~80%, respectively. The ratio of attached biomass to total biomass was low in MMCMAS. This was formation of thin biofilm due to shear force between rotaing disc and water. The average sludge production rates(kgVSS/kgBODrem.) of PBR, FBR and MMCMAS were 0.20, 0.29 and 0.54, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.313-320
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• 1998

Ameliorating effects of dolomite and sludge on the polluted soil sampled from Ulsan and yeocheon Industrial Complexes were investigated. Ameliorating effects were analysed by changes of soil properties and plant growth after treatment of dolomite and sludge. Soil properties were investigated by analysing organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents and pH. Growth of sample plants was investigated by leaf area calculated from length and breadth of leaves and by biomass from diameter and height of sample plants. Quercus serrata and Celtis sinensis selected as tolerant plants in field survey were used as experimental plants. Treatment with dolomite showed ameliorating effects by increassing n, Ca, and Mg com\ntents, and pH of soil and by decreasing Al content. Treatment of sludge showed similar effects by increasing N, Ca, Mg and organic matter contents, and by decreasing A1 content. But treatment of sludge did not show any effect on pH. Both soil ameliorators showed accelerating effects on the growth of experimental plants in Ulsan soil. But those effects in Yeocheon soil were somewhat different. Treatment of sludge showed accelerating effects of the growth of both sample plants but dolomitic liming did not so. From those results, we confirmed availability of sludge, a kind of industrial waste, as one of ameliorators of the polluted soil. In addition, we recognized that soil properties had to be considered to select soil ameliorators suitable for restoration of degraded ecosystems.