• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.178-181
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• 2011

The test was carried out at a test field at the Wanju Eco-Farming Complex from 2009 to 2010 to figure out the proper application of fertilizers when growing rice at the Eco-Farming Complex. The result showed that when compared to the basal application of compost as fertilizer, applying supplementary compost after natural re-seeding of chinese milk vetch (CMV) helped balance soil nutrition and maintained rice yields.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2010

본 연구는 한국의 누룩에서 분리한 Rhizopus sp. ZB9로서 탁주 및 약주 양조에 필요한 쌀 입국을 제조할 때에 배양 온도, 배양 시간, 증미 수분 함량, 입국 두께, 교반 작업 등의 배양 조건이 입국의 유기산 생성에 미치는 영향을 알기 위한 것이다. Rhizopus sp. ZB9를 접종하여 배양 조건을 달리하여서 쌀 입국을 제조하고, 각 입국의 산도를 측정하였다. 유기산 생성에 적절한 온도범위는 $28{\sim}32^{\circ}C$이었으며, 이 온도에서 36~48시간 정도 배양하는 것이 가장 적절하였다. 증미의 수분 함량을 25%에서 60%로 높임에 따라 유기산 생산은 비례적으로 증가하였다. 입국의 두께가 두꺼워지더라도 유기산 생성에 나쁜 영향을 나타내지 않았으며, 배양 중의 교반 작업은 유기산 생성에 매우 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2015

The rice protein profiles of Oryza sativa L (Koshihikari) grown under organic and conventional cultivation regimes were compared on 2-D gels to develop diagnostic marker proteins for organic rice. The selected proteins, differentially expressed between organic and conventional rice, were compared with the differentially expressed proteins of another organic and conventional rice pairing, produced at a different location. In the first comparison among conventional, no-chemical, and organic rice grown in the same region, Korea, 13 proteins exhibiting differential expression in organic and conventionally grown plants were selected. Eight of the 13 proteins were down-regulated, and the 5 remaining proteins were up-regulated from conventional to organic rice. The second comparison pairing from Kyungju, revealed 12 differentially expressed proteins, with 8 down-regulated and 4 up-regulated proteins. Ten of the differentially expressed proteins that overlapped between the two comparison sets could not be clustered into any functional group using a functional annotation clustering tool. Further comparisons using another set of conventional and organic rice, belonging to a different variety of Oryza sativa L and produced in Sanchung, revealed 8 differentially expressed proteins, 5 of which were down-regulated and 3 of which were upregulated in the organic rice. Overall, 3 differentially expressed proteins were commonly found in all three organic rice crops. These 3 proteins, along with other overlapping differentially expressed proteins, can provide a good starting point for the development of signature proteins that can be used for the authentication of organic rice with a follow-up studies with more comparison sets.

• 농촌계획
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2017

IPCC Guidelines have been updated after the first official announcement to get more precise estimation of GHG emissions. The goal of this study is to evaluate the implications of the IPCC Guidelines improvements including equations of country-specific parameter values for estimating GHG emissions for rice cultivation on the agricultural sector. In addition, we analyze the effects of emission factors associated with organic amendment applications. The results of this study are as follows; (1) the total GHG emissions of rice cultivation based on 1996 IPCC GL are 28% lower than those estimated by 2006 IPCC GL with the same year data; (2) GHGs can be reduced up to 60% through the assumption of organic fertilizer applications; (3) Jeonnam and Chungnam are the worst regions for GHG emissions on rice cultivation and Chungbuk shows the highest reduction rate of GHG emissions, about 40%.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.258-265
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• 2010

본 연구는 유기질 복합비료가 벼 재배 논에서 잡초 및 벼 생육에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 실내 검정 시험에서 유기질 복합비료를 125~250kg $10a^{-1}$ 처리시 이앙벼는 지상부가 10.3~27.2% 증가하였고, 피는 50.3~89.2%의 출현이 억제되었으며, 사마귀풀은 낮은 처리량에서도 높은 감수성을 보였다. 유기질 복합비료는 피, 물달개비, 사마귀풀에 대하여 담수심(1~5cm)이 깊을수록 높게 억제하였으나, 올방개와 같은 사초과 잡초에 대해서는 억제 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 또 $20{\sim}35^{\circ}C$의 비교적 높은 온도에서 피와 물달개비는 각각 75.4~92.2%, 49.5~81.6%의 높은 출현억제율을 나타냈다. 유기질 복합비료 시용 10일 후 낙수 시 피와 물달개비는 각각 33.7%, 23.0%의 출현억제율을 나타내었다. 포장시험에서 시험 후 토양의 유기물은 관행구에서 유기질 복합비료 시용구보다 약간 낮게 나타났다. 벼의 생육은 초장 및 경수가 관행구 대비 적었으며 그 차이는 생육후기에 더 많이 나타났고, 벼의 수량은 관행구 대비 4% 감소하였다. 논잡초 억제 효과는 유기질 복합비료 시용구에서 60.5%로 관행구보다 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.413-416
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• 2008

The cultivation of green manure crop is considered as a good management practice by increasing soil organic matter and fertility levels. This experiment was conducted to improve the soil environment under rice-based cropping system at paddy soil (fine loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic, family of Aeric Fluventic Haplaquepts) in National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Korea in 2006 to 2007. The variation of soil temperature in green manure plots was lower than without green manure (control) during spring season (April to May). The temperature variation of no tillage plot (broadcast before rice harvest) was the lowest among treatments. After green manure cropping, the soil bulk density and porosity ratio were improved at the top soil. The production of green manure was the highest athairy vetch and barley mixture plot by partial tillage. However, mixture treatment had no improvement on soil organic matter. After rice cropping with green manure application, soil quality was improved such as soil physical properties except mixture treatment. Therefore, we suggest that soil quality should be improved by green manure cultivation under rice-based cropping system.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2019

논 조건의 포트규모에서 유기질 비료로 화학비료 밑거름량을 대체하기 위해 벼의 정조수량, 쌀 품질 기준인 단백질 함량, 토양 화학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 벼 생산에 적정인 유기물함량을 지닌 토양 1에서 벼의 생산량은 다른 처리구보다 70 %, 100 %에서 높았다. 벼 생산에 적정보다 높은 유기물함량을 지닌 토양 2에서 벼의 생산량은 NPK, 유기질비료 30%, 70%, 100%, 300%에서 차이가 없었다. 쌀 품질에 대한 단백질 기준이 7 % 이하를 적용할 때 유기질비료 3종(혼합유기질비료, 혼합유박, 유기복합)의 처리구 중에서 70 %, 100 % 처리구가 쌀 품질의 단백질 기준에 적합하였다. 유기질비료 30 %, 70 %, 100 %, 300 % 처리에서 유기물 함량, 암모늄태 질소 및 전기전도도는 NPK 처리와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과로부터 표준 질소 밑거름 시용량의 70 ~ 100 % 수준으로 유기질 비료 3종에 대해 투입하는 것이 농경지의 적절한 양분을 유지하고 쌀의 수확량과 품질을 유지하는 좋은 방법이라 판단된다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2021

Rice straw management and winter crop cultivation are crucial components for the accurate estimation of paddy methane emissions. Field-based extensive investigation of paddy organic matter management requires enormous efforts however it becomes more feasible as drone technology advances. The objectives of this study were to identify paddy fields of straw application and winter crop cultivation using drone images and to apply for the estimation of yearly methane emission. Total 35 sites of over 150ha in area were selected nationwide as the study areas. Drone images of the study sites were taken twice during summer and winter in 2018 through 2019: Summer images were used to identify paddy cultivation areas, while winter images for straw and winter crop practices. Drone-image-based identification results were used to estimate paddy methane emission and compared with conventional method. As the result, mean areas for paddy, straw application and winter crop cultivation were 118.9ha, 12.0ha, and 11.3ha, respectively. Overall rice straw application rate were greater in Gyeonggi-do(20%) and Chungcheongnam-do(12%), while winter crop cultivation was greatest in Gyeongsangnam-do(30%) and Jeolla-do(27%). Yearly mean methane emission was estimated to be 226.2kg CH₄/ha/yr in this study and about 32% less when compared to 331.8kg CH₄/ha/yr estimated with the conventional method. This was primarily because of the lower rice straw application rate observed in this study, which was less than quarter the rate of 55.62% used for the conventional method. This indicates the necessity to use more accurate statistics of rice straw application as well as winter crop practices into paddy methane emission estimation. Thus it is recommended to further study to link drone technology with satellite image analysis in order to identify organic management practices at a paddy field level over extensive agricultural area.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.45-71
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• 2001

The duck-rice forming system is increasingly spread up throughout Korea since 1992. It is discussed the rice field, rice quality, weed and pest management in the duck-rice weeding system compared to conventional farming system. Moreover the optimizing duck population, system management and fertilizer application rate were reported. Energy input and output by duck-rice farming system were carefully compared with those of low input sustainable paddy field and conventional farming paddy field. To find out the environmentally sound function of duck-rice system, the total nitrogen in paddy soil and paddy water, and nitrogen cycle in paddy rice cultivation system were analysed. finally the input and output were calculated, and ecological characteristic were determined in terms of nitrogen balance, labor input, animal input, renewable energy input, turnover of soil organic matter, energy loss, non-renewable indirect and direct energy input. It was concluded duck-rice weeding system could be recommended in terms of net only environmentally sound, but also farmer's income. But there are still some research needs for successful adaption of duck-rice farming to investigate to determine the optimal population of duck in rice paddy field unit, release time of duckling, duck management after release, and strategy for duck marketing and duck processing.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during silage corn cultivation over the past two years. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by addition rate of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg $ha^{-1}$) with 30 - 100% of non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties and growth and yield potential of silage corn were examined. The tested soils showed strong alkali and saline properties with low contents of organic matter and available phosphate while contents of exchangeable sodium and magnesium were high. Soil salinity increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, corn was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was 18,345 kg $ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8 at incorporation time. Fresh and dry matter yield of silage corn were higher in the order of N30% reduction, CF, N50% reduction, N70% reduction, N100% reduction and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield potential of silage corn for N30% reduction were comparable to those of CF. Bulk density of the soil decreased with incorporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. The soil pH decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium decreased with incorporation of GMC. The data indicate that incorporation of hairy vetch can improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application especially for alkali saline reclaimed soil such as Saemangeum reclaimed land.