• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.205-217
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• 2006

친환경 유기 논 농업 토양 관리 기술을 개발하기 위하여 화학비료대신 유기물원인 볏짚, 퇴비, 헤어리베치, 그리고 자재는 인광석, 석회고토분말, Ash를 사용하여 유기벼 재배 및 유기 논 농업 토양 관리 기술에 대한 효과 검정을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수도의 시기별 생육상황은 삼요소구에 비하여 유기물원 볏짚과 퇴비처리에서 초장 및 경수가 적은 경향이고, 두과작물인 헤어리베치 시용구는 삼요소구와 거의 같거나 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 2. 토양산화환원(Eh)의 변화를 보면 처리에 상관없이 5월 30일부터 감소하기 시작하여 6월 9일에는 급속하여 낮아졌는데 (-150mv에서, -190mv) 이는 온도상승으로 인한 미생물의 활성이 증가한 것으로 생각되어진다. 3. 수량구성요소 및 수량에서 수수는 유기물원의 연용에는 차이가 나지 않았으며, 삼요구와는 약간의 차이를 보였으나, 볏짚가 퇴비처리가 헤어리 처리보다 수수가 적은 경향을 보였고, 등숙율은 삼요소구에 비하여 유기물원 처리가 공히 높은 경향을 보였고 처리간에 유의성은 인정되지 않았고, 천립중에 있어서도 유기물원 시용 여부에는 차이가 나지 않았고 삼요소구와도 차이가 없었다. 수량에 있어서 삼요소구 511kg/10a에 비해 토비시용은 98%, 퇴비99%, 헤어리베치 103%, 삼요소+퇴비 101%로 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 4. 유기물원 시용으로 시험 후 토양의 화학성을 보면 유효인산과 치환성가리, 치환성 칼슘 등의 함량이 증가하는 반면, 공극율 및 용적밀도가 볏짚>헤어리베치>퇴비>퇴비+삼요소>삼요소>무비 순으로 토양 물리성이 양호하였다. 5. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 유기 논 농업 토양 기술개발의 관리 측면에서 일반 관행농업보다는 수량은 볏짚과 퇴비에서 감소하나 두과작물인 헤어리베치를 재배하여 시용하면 토양의 화학성과 물리성이 양호하고, 생육 및 수량도 일반관행농법과 거의 비슷하므로 유기벼 재배 및 논토양관리에서는 활용 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 1993

석천미사질(石泉微砂質) 양토(壤土)에서 윤환형태(輪換形態) 및 작부체계(作付體系)에 따른 연차간(年次間) 토양질소(土壤窒素)의 무기화(無機化) 양상(樣相), 토양중(土壤中) 유기물(有機物) 및 인산(燐酸)의 변동(變動) 및 수도수량(水稻收量)과 무기성분(無機成分) 흡수량(吸收量)과의 관계를 검토(檢討)한 몇가지 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 긍온담수(恆溫湛水) 토양(土壤)에서 '90~'93년(年) 4년간(年間)의 4주(週) 및 10주(週)째의 질소무기화량(窒素無機化量)과 가급태(可給態) 질소함량(窒素含量)은 수도연작구(水稻連作區)보다 매년윤환구(每年輪換區) 및 2연윤환구(年輪換區)에서, 대두구(大豆區)보다 감자-배추구(區)에서 많았다. 2. 토양(土壤)중 유기물함량(有機物含量) 및 유효인산(有效燐酸)의 연차간(年次間) 변동(變動)은 수도연작구(水稻連作區)에서는 큰 변동이 없었으나 윤환구간(輪換區間)에서는 전전환구(田轉換區)>2연윤환구(年輪換區)>매년윤환구(每年輪換區)의 순(順)으로 감소되었으며 작물(作物)간에는 감자-배추구(區)보다 대두구(大豆區)에서 감소폭(減少幅)이 컸다. 3. 정조수량(正租收量)은 수도연작구(水稻連作區)에 비하여 감자-배추구(區) 및 대두구(大豆區)에서 3개년(個年) 동안 26~20%, 17~5%, 5~4% 증수(增收)되었는데 윤환년수(輪換年數)가 길수록 수량증수율(收量增收率)이 적었다. 4. 3년간(年間)('90~92년)의 수확기(收穫期) 수도(水稻) 식물체(植物體)중 모든 무기성분(無機成分) 흡수량(吸收量)은 수도(水稻) 연작구(連作區)보다 매년(每年) 윤환구(輪換區) 및 2년윤환구(年輪換區)에서, 대두구(大豆區)보다 감자-배추구(區)에서 흡수량(吸收量)이 현저히 증가되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2011

This study was carried out to present the measures for the stable organic rice production, farm income increase and consumption revitalization and so on by analyzing economic effects of the organic rice production complex and farmers by cultivation type. The farmers received prices of organic rice and Life and Environment Agriculture (LEA) were 2,965 won and 2,014 won per kilogram, respectively. Finally, the results of the productivity analysis show that LEA produces about 11% lower crop yield compared with the conventional farming. Meanwhile, the profitabilities of the organic farming per 10a were about 15% higher than the conventional farming. But, LEA per 10a was individually 23% lower then the conventional farming.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.43-58
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• 2007

This study was carried out to present the measures for the stable environment-friendly rice's production, farm income increase and consumption revitalization and so on by analyzing economic effects of the environment-friendly rice's production complex by certification type, cultivation type and distribution type. Data were collected from the environment-friendly rice's production complex in Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungnam and Chunnam provinces. Survey was conducted with sorted by organic and no-pesticide farming. Of the samples 5 types of organic farming and 4 types of no-pesticide farming were surveyed in 17 and 18 complex, respectively. The farmers income of organic and no-pesticide farming per 10a were individually about $29{\sim}68%$ and 50% higher than the conventional farming. Base on the above results, the reasonable measures fur the stable environment-friendly rice's production and distribution and consumption revitalization were to secure partnership among business, universities, government and research institutes sectors, to organize farmers group and production complex, to establish RPC for environment-friendly rice and to introduce certification system for the distribution dealers.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2011

벼 재배포장에서 녹비작물의 이용성을 조사하고자 보리와 헤어리베치를 적용하여 시험구를 배치하였다. 무농약 4년차 벼 재배포장에서 벼 수확 후 재배한 보리를 녹비작물로 이용한 처리구(보리녹비구), 보리와 헤어리베치를 혼파한 다음 녹비작물로 이용한 처리구(보리+헤어리베치 녹비구), 벼 수확 후 녹비작물을 재배하지 않은 방임구(나지방임구)와 보리를 재배한 후 수확한 처리구(관행구)에서 호품벼를 2009년 6월 15일 평당 60주를 기준으로 기계 이앙하여 얻어진 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 간장과 수장은 관행구가 조금 길었으며, 처리간에는 차이가 없었다. 백미 수량은 관행구를 100%로 볼 때 보리녹비구가 90.3%, 보리+헤어리베치 녹비구가 95.9%로 나타났다. 2. 벼 품질 평가에서 보리녹비구와 보리+헤어리베치 녹비구의 단백질 함량은 관행구 6.6%에 비해 5.7%로 낮았다. 아밀로스함량은 모든 처리구에서 18.8~19.1% 범위로 유사한 경향을 보였다. 백도는 관행구 37.7에 비해 보리녹비구 38.9와 보리+헤어리베치 녹비구 39.1로 약간 높게 나타났다. 3. 취반미 윤기치는 관행구 77.6에 비해 보리수확구가 82.0, 나지방임구가 83.8로 양호하게 나타났다. 4. 완전립율이 나지방임구는 95.5%인 반면에 관행구, 보리녹비구, 보리+헤어리베치 녹비구에서 93.8~94.2% 범위로 약간 낮게 나타났다. 쇄립율도 유사한 경향이었으며 분상질립율은 관행구가 1.7%로 가장 높았다. 5. 본 시험에서 발생된 병해는 잎도열병, 이삭도열병, 잎집무늬마름병이었다. 해충으로는 굴파리류, 혹명나방, 줄점팔랑나방, 끝동매미충이었다. 기상환경이 병해충발생에 불리한 조건으로 경과되어 병해충 발생이 전반적으로 적었으며 처리간에도 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.184-184
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• 2017

Organic matter is very important and essential factor to maintain productivity of paddy field. But as meat consumption and the demand of grain increase, the demand of forage also increased gradually in Korea. So the amount of organic matter in paddy field have been declined gradually by the reduction of return of rice straw for the forage use for cattle. There is not enough alternative resources for forage, we guess this trend of organic matter decline in paddy field would continue for the time being in Korea. So this study was performed to confirm the variation of organic matter and change of rice yield to select suitable rice cultivars which yield reduction is small in condition of organic matter decrease in paddy field. To confirm the change of rice growth and yield in condition of organic matter decrease in paddy field, we transplanted 10 rice cultivars which yield reduction are small in low fertilizer condition. We transplanted it Buan where double cropping of winter barley continues several years on June 10. Planting density were $70plants/3.3m^2$ Fertilizer amount was $N-P_2O_5-K_2O=9-4.5-5.7kg/10a$ and fertilizer split application of nitrogen was basal-tillering stage-panicle initiation = 50-20-30%. And in the other cultivation management, we observed rice standard culture of NICS. In paddy field where withdraw straws of barley and rice, the organic matter content showed tendency to decrease as the years go on. During rice cultivation season, organic matter decreased little by little, but it increased again after rice harvest season. Rice yield was more in order of Sodami, Chunghaejinmi and Saenuri. We judge that there is an advantage in rice yield of rice cultivars which have later heading date because of suitable ripening temperature. Although Sobibyeo and Shindongjinbyeo showed high yield, head rice yield decreased severely owing to chalky and cracked rice.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.234-237
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of soil covering materials such as rice bran, rice hull and saw dust on garlic growth through a field experiment in wintertime. Rice bran was the smallest in term of particle size, but it recorded the highest level of bulk density. The missing plant rate after winter season was relatively high, 59.3%, and that of soil covering materials stood at the low level of 10%. Other growth factors recorded the highest level during application of rice bran. In terms of chemical properties of soil-covering materials, rice bran recorded the highest level of 1.84, 2.34 and 0.16% in the content of N, P, and K, respectively. The subsoil temperature was higher by application of rice bran as compared to that of other materials which stood at the lowest temperature ($-9^{\circ}C$).

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2010

벼 유기재배와 관행재배의 쌀 수량 및 품질의 비교를 조사하기 위하여 벼 병충해의 발생정도를 반남과 노안의 벼 포장에서 실시하였다. 본 시험의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 본 시험에서 벼 병충해 방제는 노안지역 관행재배는 2회, 반남지역 관행재배는 4회 실시하였으며 유기재배는 노안, 반남지역 모두 2회 실시하였다. 포장에서 벼 병해충은 줄무늬잎마름병, 잎도열병, 이삭도열병, 잎집무늬마름병, 흰잎마름병, 혹명나방, 멸구류가 주로 발생하였다. 벼 병해충 중 잎도열병, 이삭도열병, 혹명나방은 관행재배보다 유기재배에서 발생이 많았다. 2. 벼 생육상황은 간장이나 수장은 관행재배에 비해 유기재배에서 약간 짧은 경향이었다. 노안지역은 유기재배의 경우 관행재배에 비해 주당수수는 0.6개 정도 많았으나 수당입수, 등숙비율, 정현비율, 현미 천립중이 낮았다. 반면 반남지역은 유기재배의 경우 관행재배에 비해 주당수수는 0.8개 정도 적었으나 수당입수와 등숙비율은 높았고 정현비율은 낮았다. 전체 수량은 유기재배가 관행재배에 비해 노안지역은 84% 수준이고, 반남지역은 94% 수준이었다. 3. 쌀의 품위는 노안지역과 반남지역 두 지역 모두 완전립율이 관행재배보다 유기재배에서 낮은 경향을 보였다. 쌀의 품질은 반남지역의 경우 유기재배시 기비로 사용한 질소가 관행재배에 비해 많아서 늦게 비효가 발현되어 이삭도열병, 혹명나방 피해가 발생하여 관행재배에 비해 단백질, 취반미 윤기치값이 낮았다. 반면 노안지역의 경우 유기재배시 기비로 사용한 질소가 관행재배에 비해 적어서 관행재배보다 단백질, 백도, 취반미 윤기치값 등에서 양호하게 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.319-319
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• 2017

Methane is the main greenhouse gas released from rice paddy field. Methane from paddy fields accounts for 11 % of the global total methane emission. The global warming potential (GWP) of methane is 25 times more than that of carbon dioxide on a mass basis. It is well known that most effective practice to mitigate methane in paddy is related to the water management during rice growing season and the use of organic matters. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tillage and cultivation method on methane emission in paddy. Tillage (tillage and no-tillage) and cultivation methods (transplanting and direct seeding) were combined tillage-transplanting (T-T), tillage-wet hill seeding (T-W), tillage-dry seeding (T-D) and no-till dry seeding (NT-D) to evaluate methane mitigation efficiency. Daily methane emission was decreased on seeding treatments (T-W, T-D, NT-D) than transplanting treatment (T-T). Amount of methane emission during rice growing season is highest in T-T ($411.7CH_4\;kg\;ha^{-1}y^{-1}$) and lowest in NT-D treatment (89.7). In T-W and T-D treatments, methane emissions were significantly decreased by 36 and 51 % respectively compared with T-T. Methane emissions were highly correlated with the dry weight of whole rice plant ($R^2=0.62{\sim}0.93$). T-T treatment showed highest $R^2$ (0.93) among the four treatments. Rice grain yields did not significantly differ with the tillage and cultivation methods used. These results suggest that direct seeding practice in rice production could mitigate the methane emissions without loss in grain yield.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.94-107
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• 1997

Producing organic farm products is one of the high-payoff farming practices considering the rapid increase of consumer's purchasing power. The purpose of this study is to identify the optimal organic farming system in relation to farm income. To cope with the above objectives, present farming conditions and profitability of 15 farmers producing organic products including rice and leaf vegetables as lettuse and cabbage were surveyed in Hongsung and Ahsan Gun, Chungnam Province. Based on the surveyed data, maximization of organic farm income were analyzed under the constrained conditions such as limited monthly labour inputs and competitive use of land by Linear Programming Model. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. In the profitability analysis of 15 farmers producing organic products, rice farmers could earn their farm income more than that of conventional farmers by 50%. On the other hand, the controlled lettuce farmers could get more about 100% than that of it. But the controlled cabbage farm could get more about 40% of it. These organic farm products were saled at high prices comparing with the prices of conventional farm products by 170% ~ 230% even though the crop yields produced by organic materials had decreased. 2. According to the labor requirement of the organically produced crops, rice cultivation was needed more labour inputs than the conventional farming method by 130%. On the other hand lettuce and cabbage could saved labour requirement by 40% and 80% of those respectively. Especially for the rice cultivation concern, higher labor requirement was due to the activities as organic fertilization, soil preparation and pest and weed controll, etc. 3. With the surveyed data from farmers who produced farm commodities, L.P. analysis was implemented to find out the optimul farming system and the maximum income. According to the results of L.P. analysis, 58% of total farm income could get more than the conventional farming system In the case of rice cultivation, one ha of paddy was recommendable to save more labour inputs than the controlled leaf vegetables such as lettuse and cabbage. However, in the controlled leaf vegatables, only 73% of total upland equivalent to 0.3 ha should be cultivated under the condition of labor shortage as the restricted 4 workers. And increasing the size of hogs raising should be recommened to achieve self-sufficiency of organic fertilizer. As pointed out the possibility of organic farming, present farmers producing organic farm products could be able to maximize their income by expanding organic farm size with regard to all conditions of our organic industry. Of course, there are many difficulties in the course of developing organic agriculture. So Government should effort to support the development of our organic agriculture considering the various aspects of production, marketing, Quality certification of organic produces.