• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.289-303
• /
• 2009

The chemical and meteorological effects on the concentration variations of ozone ($O_3$) were evaluated based on the intensive air quality measurement (5 pollutants and aromatic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs)) in and out-side an urban valley during spring and summer of 2006. The 5 pollutants measured in the study area include $O_3$, $NO_2$, NO, $PM_{10}$, and CO; the AVOCs include benzene (BEN), toluene (TOL), ethylbenzene (EB), m,p-xylene (MPX), and o-xylene (OX). For the purpose of this study, study areas were classified into two categories: valley area (VA) with a semi-closed topography covering a number of industrial complex, public building, and mountains and non-valley area (NVA) surrounding the suburban and residential areas. In general, the mean concentration levels of most pollutants (except for $PM_{10}$) in the VA were higher than those in the NVA. It was found that the average $O_3$ increase in the VA during spring might result from the combined effects such as the photochemical production from diverse anthropogenic sources and the $O_3$ accumulation due to geographical features (e.g., the semi-closed topography) and wind conditions (e.g., a low wind speed). In addition, the nocturnal $O_3$ increase in the VA during spring was primarily caused by local wind conditions (e.g., mountain and valley winds) with the low wind speed (approximately $1{\sim}2\;m\;s^{-1}$). On the other hand, the $O_3$ difference between the two areas during summer might be because of the photo-chemical production with the $O_3$ precursors (especially the AVOCs) rather than the contribution of wind conditions.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2017

Globally, use of affordable fuels such as briquettes, woods and wood pellets has increased. Organic pollutants emitted from non-point sources using solid fuels may have contributed to air pollution in urban environment. In this study, we utilized simulated incinerator proposed by U.S. EPA and investigated concentrations of PM, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, OC/EC, CO, $SO_x$, $NO_x$, VOCs and PAHs emitted while cooking meat and fish using briquettes, woods and wood pellets, and developed emission factors. As a result, wood combustion produced more air pollutants than the others. Particulate matter emission factors for woods and wood pellets were 13.54 g/kg and 9.15 g/kg, respectively. Total VOCs emission factors for briquettes, woods and wood pellets were 36.12mg/kg, 46.13mg/kg and 18.26mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, total PAHs emission factors for briquette, woods and wood pellets were 0.44 mg/kg, 18.84mg/kg and 101.62mg/kg, respectively.

• 청정기술
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 광촉매 산화반응을 이용한 반응성염료(Reactive Black 5)의 오염부하 저감율(TOC, 색도 제거율)을 조사하였다. 광촉매 반응활성의 주요한 인자로서 염료농도, $TiO_2$ 주입량 및 pH조건을 최적화하였으며, 실험에 적용된 최적의 조건은 각각 100 mg/L, 2g/L, pH 4.9였다. 용존산소의 경우에는 산소의 농도가 증가함에 따라 처리속도도 함께 증가하였다. 새로운 $TiO_2$를 적용한 경우와 MF 세라믹 분리막에 의해 재생된 $TiO_2$를 각각 적용하여 실험한 결과 색도 제거율과 처리속도에는 약간의 차이를 보였으나, 반응 전반에는 영향을 주지 않았다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.391-396
• /
• 2011

Recently it revealed that urban runoff was one of the major source that contaminates the river, lake and estuary because it contains toxic compounds such as heavy metals and Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as suspended solids, organic compounds and nutrients. The engineered polymetric media in this research were developed for reducing pollutants in urban runoff and would be used to be charged in the storm water treatment equipment. The engineered media that were composed of the polypropylene was foamed to have the buoyancy and then shattered by mechanical for the efficient filtration. In this study, Spherical Expanded Polypropylene Media (SEPM), Crushed Polypropylene Media (CPM), Large Crushed Expanded Polypropylene Media (LCEPM), Small Crushed Expanded Polypropylene Media (SCEPM) were made from polypropylene. Surface characteristics of the developed media were determined by scanning electron microscopy analyses. Also, removal efficiencies of SS, $COD_{Cr}$ in the artificial road runoff and the bed headloss by media and particle pollutants captured by media were examined. Results on the surface characteristics of media indicated that SCEPM had the largest specific surface area, $0.80m^2/g$, the lowest specific gravity, 0.091, and the biggest porosity, 0.63, because of crushing the media at the process of manufacturing. And the SCEPM's removal efficiencies of TSS and $COD_{Cr}$ in the artificial road runoff were 92.9% and 83.6%, respectively and the headloss of SCEPM was the least of them.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제26권1B호
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 간헐포기공정(IABR)과 막결합 간헐포기공정(IAMBR)의 오염물질 제거능력과 영양염류 제거 mechanism을 비교 검토하여 막침적의 타당성을 확보하고 질산화율 및 탈질율을 산정하였으며, 질소물질수지를 수립하고자 하였다. 그 결과로서 IAMBR과 IABR의 경우 유기물 제거에 있어서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 영양염류 제거능력은 IAMBR이 IABR에 비해 높게 나타났다. 또한, 무산소 상태에서 반응조 내의 질산성 질소 농도가 IAMBR이 낮게 유지되는 것으로 보아 높은 탈질화 반응이 일어난 것으로 판단되며, 질소물질수지의 결과에서도 IAMBR에서 탈질된 질소성분이 40.9%로 IABR의 10.7%보다 4배 이상 높은 탈질능력을 보였다. 따라서, 높은 MLSS 농도의 유지와 간헐적 유입 유출 방식의 적용이 가능한 장점을 지니고 있는 막이 월등한 질소제거능력의 차를 보임으로써 간헐포기공정에 대한 막결합의 타당성이 충분한 것으로 사료된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2018

Photocatalytic oxidation in the presence of Fe-doped, Zn-doped or Fe-Zn co-doped $TiO_2$ was used to effectively decompose humic acids (HAs) in water. The highest HAs removal efficiency (65.7%) was achieved in the presence of $500^{\circ}C$ calcined 0.0010% Fe-Zn co-doped $TiO_2$ with the Fe:Zn ratio of 3:2. The initial solution pH value, inorganic cations and anions also affected the catalyst photocatalytic ability. The HAs removal for the initial pH of 2 was the highest, and for the pH of 6 was the lowest. The photocatalytic oxidation of HAs was enhanced with the increase of the $Ca^{2+}$ or $Mg^{2+}$ concentration, and reduced when concentrations of some anions increased. The inhibition order of the anions on $TiO_2$ photocatalytic activities was $CO{_3}^{2-}$ > $HCO_3{^-}$ > $Cl^-$, but a slightly promotion was achieved when $SO{_4}^{2-}$ was added. Total organic carbon (TOC) removal was used to evaluate the actual HAs mineralization degree caused by the $500^{\circ}C$ calcined 0.0010% Fe-Zn (3:2) co-doped $TiO_2$. For tap water added with HAs, the $UV_{254}$ and TOC removal rates were 57.2% and 49.9%, respectively. The $UV_{254}$ removal efficiency was higher than that of TOC because of the generation of intermediates that could significantly reduce the $UV_{254}$, but not the TOC.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 1983

울산공업단지내(蔚山工業團地內)에 위치(位置)한 돗질산식생(植生)을 오염원(汚染源)에서부터의 거리에 따른 조사구별(調査區別) 환경요인(環境要因)과 식생상태(植生狀態)를 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 토양(土壤)의 전질소함양(全窒素含量), 유기물함량(有機物含量), $P_2O_5$의 함량(含量), CEC는 오염원(汚染源)에서 거리가 멀어질 수록 증가(增加)를 하며, Al함량(含量)은 감소(減少)를 한다. 2) 식생조사결과(植生調査結果) 방동사니, 실새풀, 도깨비바늘, 댕댕이덩굴, 바랭이, 여뀌, 곰솔, 돼지풀, 철쭉, 아카시나무등(等)이 내오염성(耐汚染性)이 강(强)한 식생(植生)이었다. 3) 대기오염(大氣汚染)의 피해(被害)가 심(甚)하지 않은 곳에서는 13종(種)의 식물(植物)이 출현(出現)하나, 오염(汚染)이 극심(極甚)한 조사국(調査局)에서는 7종(種)의 식물(植物)만이 존재(存在)한다. 4) 대기오염(大氣汚染)의 증가(增加)에 따라 개체수(個體數), 종다양도(種多樣度), 균재도(均在度), 류사도지수(類似度指數)가 감소(減少)한다. 5) 대기오염원(大氣汚染源)에서의 거리가 멀어질 수록 물질생산량(物質生産量)이 증가(增加)된다. 또한 돗질산지역(地域) 아카시나무림분(林分)은 현존량(現存量)은 4.41t/㏊, 년간물질생산량(年間物質生産量)은 $0.67ton/ha{\cdot}yr$이고, 오염(汚染)의 피해(被害)가 없는 대조구(對照區)에서의 현존량(現存量)은 39.47ton/㏊이고, 년간물질생산량(年間物質生産量)은 $7.73ton/ha{\cdot}yr$이다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.107-111
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 흡연시 발생되는 각종 유해오염물질을 효과적으로 저감할 수 있는 친환경 흡연부스를 제작하고, 유해물질의 제거효율 및 효과를 평가하는 것이다. 유입구-HEPA필터-전기집진기(EP)-첨착활성탄-배출구 등의 탈취설비를 갖춘 친환경 자동 흡연부스를 설계 및 제작하여, 흡연연기에 의한 유해오염물질의 제거효율을 측정 및 평가하였다. 측정방법으로는 내부의 배경농도, 설비 가동 시 배출구 농도, 10분 후 흡연부스의 농도를 측정하고, 평가항목으로는 복합악취, 일산화탄소, 미세먼지($PM_1$, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_{10}$), 총휘발성유기화합물(TVOCs)을 대상으로 하였다. 복합악취 제거효율은 흡연부스 내부에서는 95.37%, 방지설비통과 배출구에서는 97.38%로 우수하였다. 일산화탄소 제거효율은 내부에서는 94.25%, 배출구에서는 98.32%로 나타났다. 또 흡연부스 내부에서의 미세먼지 제거효율은 98.59%이며, 배출구에서는 98.85%로 나타나 미세먼지 제거효율은 매우 우수한 것으로 나타났다. TVOCs는 흡연부스 내부에서는 $26,000{\mu}g/m^3$에서 $5,203{\mu}g/m^3$로 감소하여 79.99%의 제거효율로 나타났고, 환풍기 가동 후 방지설비 배출구에서는 $5,019{\mu}g/m^3$로 측정되어 제거효율은 80.70%로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 제작, 설계된 흡연부스는 향후 소규모 작업환경 내에서도 각종 유해오염물질들을 제거하는 용도로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.272-279
• /
• 2016

Understanding sources and contributions of $PM_{2.5}$ mass and particulate PAHs from traffic-related pollution can provide valuable information for alleviating air contamination from car emissions in urban areas. Two sampling sites at the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST, $35.228^{\circ}N$, $126.843^{\circ}E$) and National institute of environmental research NamBu Supersite (NNBS, $35.226^{\circ}N$, $126.848^{\circ}E$) were selected for comprehensive road-oriented-PM investigations. Continuous measurements from optical particle sizer (OPS) and optical particle counter (OPC) with 24 hr integrated filter based samplers for organic carbon, water soluble organic carbon, and Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were conducted during Nov. 3 through 22 in 2014. As a result, $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentrations using OPC and OPS in NNBS presented about twice higher than in GIST due to road dust impacts based on wind direction analysis. In addition, ratios of elemental carbon (EC) to organic carbon (OC) and water insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) to organic carbon (OC) supported an additional evidence of the primary pollutant contributions oriented from road dust. PAHs related to 5 rings such as benzo(e&a)pyrene indicates higher associations.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.638-648
• /
• 2013

To understand the geochemical characteristics of intertidal sediment in a semi-enclosed bay, we measured various geochemical parameters, including grain size, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and trace metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, and As), in intertidal sediment from three bays (Deukryang Bay, Yeoja Bay, and Gamak Bay) in the southern region of Jeollanam Province. The intertidal sediment in Deukryang Bay consisted of various sedimentary types, such as sand, gravelly muddy sand, mud, and silt, whereas the intertidal sediments in Yeoja and Gamak Bays were composed mainly of mud. The concentrations of IL, COD, AVS and trace metals in the intertidal sediments of the three study regions were relatively high near areas affected by input of stream waters and/or shellfish farming waste. The concentrations of organic matter and trace metals in Gamak Bay were much higher than those in Deukryang and Yeoja Bays, which appears to be due to the influence of anthropogenic pollutants, originating from the city and the industrial complex near Gamak Bay. The evaluation results of organic matter and metal pollution using the sediment quality guidelines showed that the intertidal sediments in the three study regions were not polluted in terms of organic matter and trace metals. In future, sustainable management for sources of organic matter and trace metal is necessary to conserve a healthy benthic ecosystem in intertidal sediments.