• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 2004

The main purpose of this article is to suggest policy implications for building innovative cluster in Korea by investigating the operating system and role of the Kanagawa Science Park (KSP) located in Kanagawa prefecture, Japan as a central network agent. The KSP established mainly by private and government partnership has played a critical role for building innovative clusters as a way in which increase national competitiveness. But they also provide variety of real service from R&D to commercialization for local firms by facilitating and coordinating networks among regional economic actors such as firms, universities and public research institutes. The regional policy as a way in which increase national competitiveness in Korea is also the establishment of innovative clusters based on regional and industrial characteristics. However, the main problem with building the innovative cluster is the reduction of policy effectiveness due to duplicated supporting and coordinating institutes and institutions established by the each central administration and local governments, aimed at facilitating networks among regional economic actors. In this context, the article suggests that there is a need to build a regional central network agent by designing an organic operating system for the effective management of each network agent in accordance with the process from R&D to commercialization, i.e. an encompassed supporting system, on the basis of benchmarking the KSP operating system in Japan.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-44
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• 1976

This study was carried out to evaluate the harmful factors in working environments and to investigate the labor productivity after improvement of environments, surveying 93 industrial establishments of 10 industries located in Youngdeungpo industrial area in Seoul. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The highest noise level of 125dB(A) was indicated at the rolling process of transport equipment manufacturing industry. 2) The best illumination level was shown in precise machinery industry and the worst was indicated in rubber products, metallic products and transport equipment manufacturing industries. 3) Thermal conditions were above threshold limit value (TLV) at more than two processes of all industries except printing industry. 4) The highest dust concentration was determined in textile and wearing manufacturing industry. 5) Organic solvents were detected at 52 processes in 93 industrial establishments and 33 processes of them showed higher than TLV. The results about harmful chemicals were as follows: a) sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$)was determined higher than TLV on welding process of metallic product manufacturing industry and heat treatment process of transport equipment manufacturing industry. b) Carbon monoxide (CO) concentration was 700ppm at heat treatment process of transport equipment manufacturing industry, indicating 14 times of TLV. c) vinylchloride concentration in the air of PVC raw material mixing process and PVC preparation process of chemical product manufacturing industry was determined higher than TLV. d) Hydrochloride (HCl) concentration in the air of wire expanding process of transport equipment manufacturing industry was determined higher than TLV. 7) Higher values of lead concentration than TLV were determined at lead welding metallic product manufacturing industry and type planting process of process of printing industry, $1.8mg/m^3$ and $0.3mg/m^3$ respectively. 9) 22, 968 of 52, 855 workers (i.e. 43.5%) in 93 industries were exposed to various harmful agents. 10) It was found that the improvement of illumination in electric apparatus manufacturing industry (from 20~40 lux to 420 lux) resulted in an increase in productivity of 6.5% per capita and a decrease in faulty products of 19%. 11) Improvement of environments using local exhaust ventilation system resulted in a decrease of harmful substances lower than TLV and an increase in productivity of 11.4%. 12) Improvement of shovelling tools based on ergonomics resulted in a reduction in energy expenditure of 25.3% and an increase in productivity of 32.2% per capita.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.201-210
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• 2007

Pollution by chemical substances such as POPs, EDCs and PBTs in the ecosystem has become more complex and varied, increasing the possibility of irreversible damage to human health or the ecosystem. It is necessary to have a exposure assessment in a multi-media environment for various chemical substances is required for efficient management. This study applied MUSEM(Multi-media Simplebox-systems Environmental Model), a multimedia environmental model that can simultaneously evaluate the possibility of exposure of hundreds of chemical substances in order to efficiently manage chemical substances that can have negative impact on human health or ecological environment through environmental contamination. MUSEM executed the modeling for Japan by setting all 47 prefectures of japan as the regional area for 62 chemical substances and the rest of the territory of japan, excluding regional area, as the continental area and made the estimation of concentration among environment media in each administrative area and made the sensitivity analysis on Tokyo area. The results of simulation for chemical distribution showed that most of the target chemicals located in water region. The result of sensitivity analysis for octanol-water partition rate showed that the concentration change of soil in urban/industrial area and sediment in freshwater was high. In the case of sensitivity analysis for degradation rate showed that the concentration change of freshwater, soil in urban/industrial area, and sediment in freshwater was high.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.556-566
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• 2002

Gunpo city, a medium sized city formed with a basin is populated with a little more than 270,000 peoples and includes the industrial area with about 600 factories. It has been recognized for a long time that peoples living nearby industrial area have complained on serious air contamination due to the geographical and environmental factors. This study was performed on measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and malodor for the air sampled in various places of Gunpo city, and made comparison with VOCs levels in specific area of Seoul. This work would play important role for the efficient management of air contamination of Gunpo city. Samplings were done in the rooftop of eleven village office buildings including Gunpo station in June 12th, 2001. Analytical results indicate that VOCs levels of Gunpo-1-dong, Gunpo station and Kumjungdong regions neighboring industrial area were much higher than the rest of areas, and this fact shows that the origin for air contamination of Gunpo would be industrial area than car exhaustion gases.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.407-412
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to develop a tree box filter system, an example of Low Impact Development technology, for treating stormwater runoff from road. Monitoring of storm events was performed between June 2011 and November 2012 to evaluate the system performance during wet day. Based on the results, all runoff volume generated by rainfall less than 2 mm was stored in the system. The minimum volume reduction of 20% was observed in the system for rainfall greater than 20 mm. The greatest removal efficiency was exhibited by the system for total heavy metals ranging from 70 to 73% while satisfactory removal efficiency was exhibited by the system for particulate matters, organic matters and nutrients ranging from 60 to 68%. The system showed greater pollutant removal efficiency of 67 to 83% for rainfall less than 10 mm compared to rainfall greater than 10 mm which has 39 to 75% pollutant removal efficiency. The system exhibited less pollutant reduction for rainfall greater than 10 mm due to the decreased retention capacity of the system for increased rainfall. Overall, the system has proved to be an option for stormwater management that can be recommended for on-site application. Similar system may be designed based on several factors such as rainfall depth, facility size and pollutant removal efficiency.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2013

Non-point pollution source is difficult to control due to uncertain outflow path and emission. So, There are many development and research to Best Management Practices(BMP) established to manage the Non-point pollution source. Besides, various methods of estimated efficiency to exact assessment of BMP is presented. In this study, the impact about length of Grassed Swale on reduction efficiency based on monitoring results of Grassed Swale by length is studied. By estimating Grassed Swale reduction efficiency in a variety of methods, the difference between the methods of estimated efficiency was compared with those that. Estimated efficiency method using ER, SOL, ROL, ROF, SOLF, and ROLF methods is analyzed. EMC analysis result is high inflow and outflow concentration distinction organic compound for nutritive salts The result of efficiency analysis along Grassed Swale length sharply increases in a Grassed Swale inlet. After this increase, the efficiency gradually decreases. This is expected that cistern installed in the end of the front. To obtain a stable reduction efficiency of Grassed Swale, minimum length 30m of Grassed Swale should be enough. Also, in order to efficiently and economically design Grassed Swale, the researches on length of Grassed Swale are needed rather than simple analysis of efficiency.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

Reproductive phenology and physiological responses of Epilobium hirsutum L. to moisture content and nutrient content of soil were analysed in order to obtain basic data for effective conservation and restoration. Epilobium hirsutum L. is a perennial plant. But Epilobium hirsutum L. grew reproductively in all moisture and nutrient gradients. Flower bud, flowers and peduncle were respectively ripened in earlier under highest moisture condition and highest nutrient condition. And, number of flowers and peduncle were more quickly increased under highest moisture condition and highest nutrient condition. Chlorophyll content was high under highest moisture condition and higher middle moisture condition. However, we found no significant difference of chlorophyll content regard to nutrient gradients. There was no difference in minimum chlorophyll fluorescence among all moisture and nutrient gradients. The photochemical efficiency values of PS II were 0.75 in all moisture gradients, and it was 0.78 in highest nutrient gradient. The chlorophyll content of Epilobium hirsutum L. increased as the moisture content increased, and the Fv/Fm value increased as the organic matter increased. Our results showed that high moisture and nutrient content of soil advance their breeding season and promote reproductive growth. It might be important basic informations for the maintenance of population and the management of habitat of Epilobium hirsutum L. an endangered plant species.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

The objectives of this study was to obtain the basic information for reasonable management of soil ecosystem damaged by pine wilt disease. Soil temperature and moisture content were $15.3{^{\circ}C}$ and 11.5% at whole-cut site, $14.4{^{\circ}C}$ and 13.5% at partial-cut site, and $13.7{^{\circ}C}$ and 14.8% at control site, respectively. The content of soil organic matter throughout the study period ranged from 2.11 to 2.64% at whole-cut site, 2.26 to 3.33% at partial-cut site, and 2.27 to 3.10% at control. Soil respiration rates showed seasonal fluctuations increasing in summer, which showed positive correlations between soil respiration and soil temperature. Average soil respiration were 0.24, 0.36 and $0.32gCO_{2}/m^{2}/hr$ at whole-cut site, partial-cut site, and control, respectively. $Q_{10}$ values ranged from 2.39 to 2.68 at Pinus densiflora stands damaged by pine wilt disease. Annual soil respiration rate at whole-cut site, partial-cut site and control were 8.1, 15.6 and $14.6tCO_{2}/ha/yr$, respectively.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.31-40
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• 2010

This study was carried out to offer a basis data for conservation and application of effective management of Camellia japonica stand in Hakdong, Geoje Island. Field survey was conducted at C. japonica stand, mixed stand, Chamaecyparis obtusa plantation, and Pinus thunbergii stand. Importance value of C. japonica at tree layer was highest in C. japonica stand and mixed stand, and that of C. obtusa and P. thunbergii were highest in C. obtusa plantation and P. thunbergii stand, respectively. At subtree layer, C. japonica, Callicarpa dichotoma, Neolitses serices, and Styrax japonica had the highest importance value in C. japonica stand, mixed stand, C. obtusa plantation, and P. thunbergii stand, respectively. The species diversity ranged from 0.121 to 1.589 in C. japonica stand, 0.543 to 1.540 in mixed stand, 0.276 to 1.321 in C. obtusa plantation, and 0.764 to 1.523 in P. thunbergii stand, respectively. Soil pH was 5.72 in C. japonica stand, 5.26 in mixed stand, 5.21 in C. obtusa plantation, and 5.32 in P. thunbergii stand. The content of organic matter and total N were 5.77, 0.48% in C. japonica stand, 4.41, 0.30% in mixed stand, 3.28, 0.33% in C. obtusa plantation, and 5.32, 0.28% in P. thunbergii stand.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.175-190
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• 2006

The term mycoherbicide started in 1970, but its interest heightened due to increase costs of chemical herbicides. A classical biocontrol agent is expected to become a permanent part of its new environment and do no harm to it. Contemporary biological control agent(BCA) must be produced by artificial culture and could be applied like chemical herbicides over weeds. BCA is different from the classical approach in that it released through natural spread. To date 26 species of fungi are used as classical BCA against 26 species of weeds in seven countries. There are a number of examples of pathogens attacking non-target plants. But through risk assessments which include understanding the taxonomy, biology and ecology, the target and non-target species, it will be safe to introduce of exotic pathogens to control weeds. But pathogens have not been successfully used in practice. Many mycoherbicides show potential in laboratories, but are ineffective in the field and not consistent from year to year or field to field. There is also a lack of understanding humidity, dew formation and temperature and their effects on suppression of weeds by plant pathogens. Potential pathogen must be selected as a BCA. Previous studies suggest that these pathogens must (1) produce abundant and durable inoculum in artifical culture, (2) be genetically stable and weed specific and (3) kill weeds in control. A granular preparation of mycoherbicide into sodium alginate is lighter than liquids and less bulky than organic matter. Gel forms have also been used.