• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2016

The soil does not only serve as a medium for plant growth but also for engineering construction purposes. It is very weak in tension, very strong in compression and fails only by shearing. The behaviour of the soil under any form of loading and the interactions of the earth materials during and after any engineering construction work has a major influence on the success, economy and the safety of the work. Soils and their management have therefore become a broad social concern. A limitless variety of soil materials are encountered in both agronomy and engineering problems, varying from hard, dense, large pieces of rock through gravel, sand, silt and clay to organic deposits of soft compressible peat. All these materials may occur over a range of physical properties, such as water contents, texture, bulk density and strength of soils. Therefore, to deal properly with soils and soil materials in any case requires knowledge and understanding of these physical properties. The desired value of bulk density varies with the degree of stability required in construction. Bulk density is also used as an indicator of problems of root penetration,soil aeration and also water infiltration. This property is also used in foundation engineering problems. While not conforming to standard test procedures, this work attempts to add to the basic information on such important soil parameters as water content, bulk density.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2005

A dynamic compartment model was developed to appraise the level of the contamination of agricultural plants by accidentally released tritium from nuclear facility. The model consists of a set of inter-connected compartments representing atmosphere, soil and plant. In the model three categories of plant are considered: leafy vegetables, grain plants and tuber plants, of which each is modeled separately to account for the different transport pathways of tritium. The predictive accuracy of the model was tested through the analysis of the tritium exposure experiments for rice-plants. The predicted TFWT(tissue free water tritium) concentration of the rice ear at harvest was greatly affected by the absolute humidity of air, the ratio of root uptake, and the rate of rainfall, while its OBT(organically bound tritium) concentration the stowing period of the ear, the absolute humidity of air and the content of hydrogen in the organic phase. There was a good agreement between the model prediction and the experimental results lot the OBT concentration of the ear.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.171-183
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• 2011

This research is to figure out the manufacture proper1ies and the effect of adding red ginseng powder into cookies. When adding red ginseng powder into wheat, there was no significant change in moisture content while the amount of WRC and AWFC increased significantly. In the manufacturing and quality characteristics, there was no noticeable change in thickness and spreadability. Also, wheat cookies containing red ginseng powder didn't show significant differences either and the control plot had the biggest diameter. The change of chromaticity showed that L-value and b-value seemed to significantly decrease while a-value increased a lot In other words, the more ginseng powder was added, the darker its external colour became. In the organic characteristics, the control plot showed the best result in volume, crust, top grain and in almost every part. The volume had the most satisfying result with 6% of red ginseng powder added, and there was not much difference among the groups added with red ginseng powder. Generally, adding up tp 12% of ginseng powder was found best when making cookies.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2013

Commercially available polyamide thermoplastic elastomer (PA-TPE) was blended with hybrid filler which was prepared by means of the reaction between polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) containing amine group and toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-caprolactam (CL) to explore the effect of blending the hybrid filler with the TPE. The chemical structure of the filler was identified by using FTIR and $^1H$ NMR. The composites, PA-TPE/POSS-(TDI+CL), which were the blends of TDI+CL modified POSS filler and PA-TPE up to 7 wt%, showed better elastic recovery delivered from lower tension setting compared to the PA-TPE and the PA-TPE/octaphenyl POSS blend. In addition the tensile strength and the initial modulus increased with increasing the hybrid filled content. Consequently it was assumed that the POSS-(TDI+CL) filler was a suitable material for enhancing strength and modulus without loss of elastic properties for the original PA-TPE.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.324-328
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• 2008

One hundred-eighty extracts of soil collected from ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) fields were subjected to lettuce germination test, electrolyte leakage, cell viability and antioxidant enzyme activity test. Regardless of various cultivation periods, there was no significant difference in soil pH, the content of organic matter and available phosphate in ginseng fields. Based on lettuce seed germination test, six soil extracts showing inhibition of germination and/or seedling growth were selected for further study. Selected soil extracts markedly inhibited cell viability of ginseng cultured cells but leakage of electrolytes were not affected by the treatment. Enzyme activity of superoxide dimutase in ginseng cultured cells was not affected by the treatment with the soil extracts. However, those of peroxidase and catalase were significantly inhibited by the treatment with soil extracts which showed inhibition of lettuce seed germination and seedling growth.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 2008

The antioxidant activities of the extracts of butterbur (Petasites japonicus) derived from different extraction methods were investigated. SOD (superoxide dismutase)-like activity differed according to the extraction solvents, showing a greater antioxidant effect with ethanol solvent than that of water. Ethanol extracts of butterbur leaves showed higher SOD-like activity of 96.7% than those of water extracts. The contents of polyphenolic compounds were higher in water extracts than those in ethanol extracts. The highest content of polyphenolic compounds was 223mg/g dry weight for butterbur leaves. EDA of butterbur roots was 61.5% in the water extract and EDA in butterbur leaves was 34.9% in the ethanol extract. The anticancer effects with the extracts of butterbur were experimented by fractionations with different solvents. 41.9% of the growth of stomach cancer cells, SNU-719, were inhibited and also 72.7% of the growth of liver cancer cells, Hep3B, were inhibited by the butanol fractions of butterbur, while not affecting the growth of normal cell, DC 2.4.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.137-144
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• 2001

The quality including in situ degradability in the rumen of Holstein of the orchardgrass silage added with apple pomace was investigated in this study. The amount of apple pomace added in different treatments were 0, 20, 40 and 60% respectively. With higher amount of addition of apple pomace to orchardgrass, ADF, NDF and crude ash contents decreased significantly (p<0.05). Crude protein contents in the silages (11.8- 12.9%) were similar to that of 100% orchardgrass silage. Moisture contents increased according to the higher proportion of apple pomace in the silages. On the contrary to moisture content, pH was lower in 40-60% addition of apple pomace (3.7-3.9) than that of 100% orchardgrass silage (4.7). However the contents of lactic acid (1.7-2.5%), acetic acid (1.3- 1.7%) and total organic acid (2.9-4.2%) significantly increased according to higher levels of addition of apple pomace compared to the respective values of 100% orchardgrass silage (1.1%, 0.6% 1.7%). In siru disappearance rates of dry matter and NDF in the rumen were significantly higher at the stages of incubation after 24h in 40-60% addition of apple pomace than in 100% orchardgrass silage. No statistical differences were observed with quickly degradable fraction (a) and slowly degradable fraction (b) in the disappearance rates of dry matter and NDF. However, fractional rate of disappearance (c) and effective degradability (ED, k=0.08) for dry matter and NDF were significantly higher in 20-60% addition of apple pomace as 0.0076-0.0079 and 0.0099-0.0130. and 39.3-41.7% and 18.4- 20.6% respectively than the respective values of 0.0054 and 0.0064, and 36.8 and 16.5% of 100% orchardgrass silage. (Key words : Orchardgrass silage. Apple pomace. Lactic acid, In Situ Degradability. Effective degradability)

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.86-100
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• 2019

This study analyzed the characteristics of vegan fashion produced by H&M and ZARA with respect to materials, design, development, production, and marketing to create social value. The results of this study are significant because they can be used as a reference to develop a vegan fashion market. Regarding the research method, this study assessed the concept and status of veganism through a literature review and examined vegan fashion case studies by analyzing official websites and media content. The study's scope covers the period from 2005, when H&M was the first SPA brand to create a vegan product line, until 2019. The characteristics of Global SPA's vegan fashion were as follows. Regarding materials, alternative materials were developed and an expanded use of organic materials was implemented. Regarding design, development was achieved through design collaboration and upcycling. In terms of production, an animal welfare policy was adopted and a sustainable supply chain was established. Marketing employed a campaign aimed at encouraging increased consumer participation. The findings regarding the social value of H&M and Zara's vegan fashion were as follows. First, a cyclical economy was realized through circular recycling in the entire process of resource selection, production, and waste disposal. Second, because product consumption indicated the importance of ethical consumption and sustainable consumer participation, corporate financial activities were created based on shared values to accomplish the social outcome. Third, collaborations with luxury brands or vegan fashion designers built a collaborative ecosystem in which vegan fashions were released and consumer participation campaigns were implemented.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2000

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for effective conservation and cultivation of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. The soil texture was sandy loam with low pH and high organic matter content compared to general cultivative land. Aerial part growth such as plant height, number of leaf, leaf length and leaf width was the highest in Tongyong indigenous species, but fresh rhizome weight was the highest in Pyongchang. Frequency of light penetration rate was high at $60{\sim}80%$ of full sun-light, but growth was better in high light penetration rate. The correlation between growth characteristics and habitat environment were investigated in 59 districts. Correation among growth characteristics in habitat, fresh rhizome weight was significant with plant height, number of leaf and stem diameter.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.528-535
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• 2017

In this study, halogen element was introduced into polyphenylene oxide polymer using bromination reaction, and then halogen element was replaced with imidazolium. Imidazolium corporated polyphenylene oxide polymer was synthesized and the synthesis was confirmed by various instrumental characterization. In addition, gas permeation properties of $O_2$, $N_2$, $CO_2$ were studied with different imidazolium contents. As the content of imidazolium increased, the ion exchange capacity increased and the mechanical strength decreased. The gas permeance showed a tendency to decrease slightly with increaing imidazolium contents. Whereas, it was confirmed that the tendency of $CO_2/N_2$ ideal selectivity increased as the imidazolium contents increased.