• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.609-613
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• 2005

Advanced mobile communication devices require a bright, high information content display in a small, light-weight, low power consumption package. In this paper we will outline our progress towards developing such a low power consumption active-matrix flexible OLED ($FOLED^{TM}$) display. Our work in this area is focused on three critical enabling technologies. The first is the development of a high efficiency long-lived phosphorescent OLED ($PHOLED{TM}$) device technology, which has now proven itself to be capable of meeting the low power consumption performance requirements for mobile display applications. Secondly, is the development of flexible active matrix backplanes, and for this our team are employing poly-Si TFTs formed on metal foil substrates as this approach represents an attractive alternative to fabricating poly-Si TFTs on plastic for the realization of first generation flexible active matrix OLED displays. Unlike most plastics, metal foil substrates can withstand a large thermal load and do not require a moisture and oxygen permeation barrier. Thirdly, the key to reliable operation is to ensure that the organic materials are fully encapsulated in a package designed for repetitive flexing. We also present progress in operational lifetime of encapsulated T-PHOLED pixels on planarized metal foil and discuss PHOLED encapsulation strategy.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.785-789
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• 2005

Low temperature deposition of silicon and silicon nitride films by catalytic CVD technique was studied for application to thin film transistors on plastic substrates for flexible AMOLEDs. The substrate temperature initially held at room temperature, and was controlled successfully below $150^{\circ}C$ during the entire deposition process. Amorphous silicon films having good adhesion, good surface morphology and sufficiently low content of atomic hydrogen were obtained and could be successfully crystallized using excimer laser without a prior dehydrogenation step. $SiN_x$ films showed a good refractive index, a high deposition rate, a moderate breakdown field and a dielectric constant. The Cat-CVD silicon and silicon nitride films can be good candidates for fabricating thin films transistors on plastic substrates to drive active-matrix organic light emitting display.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.31-34
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• 2003

($Ba_{0.6-x}Sr_{0.4}Ca_x)TiO_3$ (BSCT) (x=0.10, 0.15, 0.20) powder, prepared by the sol-gel method, were mixed with organic vehicle and the BSCT thick films were fabricated by the screen-printing techniques on alumina substrates using the BSCT paste. The structural and the electrical properties were investigated for various composition ratio and sintering temperature. BSCT thick film thickness, obtained by four printings, was approximately 110 ~ 120 ${\mu}m$. The Curie temperature and dielectric constant at room temperature were decreased with increasing Ca content. The relative dielectric constant, dielectric loss and tunability of the BSCT(50/40/10) specimen, which was sintered at $1420^{\circ}C$ and measured at 1MHz, were about 910, 0.46% and 9.28% at 5kV/cm, respectively.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.169-173
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of ethylene adsorbent removing ethylene gas produced from apple fruits in poly ethylene film bag storage. The treatment of ethylene adsorbent was not effected the change in soluble solids and organic acid content of fruits. The fruit softening was remarkably delayed by the absorbent treatment, and the more amount of it was the more effective. The ethylene evolution and respiration of fruits reduced or decreased by this treatment during storage. The ethylene adsorbent for 'Fuji' apple fruit was effective more than 30g per 10kg fruits.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

This study focused on the alcohol fermentability of traditional Nuruk, as well as yeast containing traditional Nuruk, in the production of Yakju. The fermentation performed with 30% Nuruk was effective with regard to alcohol yield. In addition, the fermentation containing 70% Nuruk showed the highest titratable acidity due to increased amounts of organic acids (succinic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, acetic acid), which, however, negatively influenced the Yakju quality. Moreover, microbiological contamination always occurred in the fermentations using only Nuruk. In contrast, in the experiments with the yeast containing Nuruk, higher alcohol content and lower titrable acidity were obtained, independent of the Nuruk ratio used, positively effected the Yakju taste and flavor. Overall, the fermentation performed using the yeast containing 30% traditional Nuruk showed the best results for Yakju production.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.2978-2982
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• 2013

A doubly tethered $N-CH_3$ amide chiral stationary phase (CSP 4) based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid was applied to the resolution of an antiarrythmic agent, tocainide, and its analogues and the chromatographic resolution results were compared with those on a singly tethered N-H amide CSP (CSP 1), a singly tethered $N-CH_3$ amide CSP (CSP 2) and a doubly tethered N-H amide CSP (CSP 3) under an identical aqueous mobile phase condition. CSP 4 was found to be generally better than other CSPs in terms of the separation factors (${\alpha}$) and resolutions (RS). The retention times of analytes denoted by the retention factors ($k_1$) on CSP 4 were quite long compared to those on other CSPs because of the improved lipophilicity of CSP 4. The long retention times of analytes on CSP 4 were successfully controlled by the addition of a small amount of ammonium acetate to aqueous mobile phase without hurting the chiral recognition efficiency. The variation of the content and type of organic and acidic modifier in aqueous mobile phase was found not to change the chiral recognition efficiency significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 1996

Dried tobacco leaf debris infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was subjected to heat treatment (6$0^{\circ}C$~10$0^{\circ}C$) with or without addition of moisture and to room temperature for natural decay to examine the periods of time required for the inactivation of PMV in the inoculum source. Wet conditions (60% moisture content of the debris) for heat treatment were more efficient than dry conditions to inactivate the virus at 7$0^{\circ}C$~10$0^{\circ}C$, and which decrease of temperature, the time needed for the viral inactivation increased greatly. At 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 7$0^{\circ}C$, the temperaturein a compost heap during the actively decomposing period, it takes about 15 days or more for the complete inactivation of the virus. However, considering the decrease of the viral infectivity during the decomposition, a shorter period of time will be required to inactivate TMV in the conditions mentioned above, suggesting that a well decomposed organic manure containing tobacco leaf debris may not have infective TMV and may not provide a potential inoculum source.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.437-446
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• 2019

Reverse osmosis seawater desalination facilities can extend the cleaning cycle and replacement time of the reverse osmosis membrane by pretreatment process. Selection of pretreatment process depends on water quality. It was attempted in this study to select approriate pretreatment process for the Masan bay, which was high in particles and organic content. For this purpose, performances of pretreatment processes such as filter adsorber (FA), pore controllable fiber (PCF), and ultrafiltration (UF) were compared based on the silt density index (SDI). The SDI value of the filtrate should be less than 3. The study results showed that UF can produce the filtrate quality satisfying the requirement. However, the transmembrane pressure (TMP) of UF increased quickly, reaching 0.6 bar within 4 days. In order to secure stable operation, FA and PCF were combined with UF. The study results showed that combination of PCF and UF was able to extend the filtration duration (more than 2 months) until to reach TMP of 0.6 bar.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.515-521
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• 2013

In this study, we examined the effects of organic types of calcium derived from oyster shell (OS-Ca) and nano-calcium (Nano-Ca) on the bio-availability and physiological responses associated with bone health in ovariectomised rats. Increased body weight, which is one of the physiological effects of ovary removal, was significantly recovered by Nano-Ca treatment (p<0.05). The reduced calcium level in the liver in ovariectomised rat was increased significantly with OS-Ca and Nano-Ca treatment (p<0.05), suggesting improved calcium bio-availability. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were analysed as biochemical markers of bone metabolism and health in the presence or absence of OSCa and Nano-Ca. ALP, osteocalcin, and DPD levels increased following ovary removal and tended to decrease after treatment with Nano-Ca, indicating that Nano-Ca induces favourable bone metabolism. This result was reflected in the recovery of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the femur after Nano-Ca treatment following ovary removal. Taken together, our data show that the tested calcium treatments, especially using Nano-Ca, enhanced the bioavailability or absorption of calcium and positively affected bone metabolism in ovariectomised rats.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.12 no.3_4
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• pp.43-54
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• 1997

Species, doses and routes extrapolation can be sucessfully carried out by using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) approach. And PBPK approach to assess risk of hazardous chemicals is reasonable whatever the exposure scenarios are happened. Both partitioning coefficients of chemical between tissue and blood and enzymatic metabolic rate constants are key parameters to build up the PBPK model. In this study, we tried to estimate in vitro metabolic rate constants using a special apparatus instead to measure the in vivo constants which are used to PBPK simulation since the in vitro tests are less expensive and more convenient than in vivo tests. For the purpose, we designed and tested the new system to measure continuously the headspace concentration of VOC. The newly designed system is composed with a diffusion chamber which generates gaseous substrate, a reaction vessel with a recirculating pump to establish a closed system, an autbmatic sampler from a gas phase, a gas chromatography to analyze the headspace. In addition, a cold water condenser is attached between the reaction vessel and pump to reduce the content of gaseous moisture which interferes with chemical analysis. To validate the newly developed methodology, in vitro metabolic rate constants of trichloroethylene (TCE) as a prototype VOC were estimated by simulating observed results with an ACSL program. The simulated results are consistent to those estimated by the other research groups. This finding suggests that our newly designed closed system may be a useful apparatus to estimate in vitro metabolic rate constants for VOC.