• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.204-210
• /
• 1998

The experiment was conducted to obtain the basic data required to characterize and improve rhizosphere environment of salt-accumulated greenhouse(SAG) soils by comparing the soil properties and the microbial flora of such soils to those of unprotected arable upland(UAU) soils. Soils were sampled from greenhouses and unprotected upland fields around the country. Microbial propulation, biomass C content and soil chemical properties were of interest. Population density of fluorescent Pseudomonas was high in UAU soils, while those of pathogenic Fusarium sp. and fluorescent Pseudomonas were low in SAG soils. With increasing soil organic matter(OM) content, the population densities of Bacillus sp., fluorescent Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacteriaceae, and microbial biomass C content increased. As soil electrical conductivity(EC) increased higher than $5.1dS\;m^{-1}$, the ratios of bacteria to fungi(B/F) and actinomycetes to fungi(A/F) and the population density of fluorescent Pseudomonas decreased remarkably. The soil pH was positively related to the population density of aerobic bacteria, while it was negatively related to that of fungi. The soil OM content was significantly correlated to the population densities of actinomycetes($r=0.226^*$). Bacillus sp.($r=0.334^{**}$), Enterobacteriaceae($r=0.276^*$), and the microbial biomass C content($R=0.439^{**}$). The population density of actinomycetes was also significantly correlated with soil exchangeable Ca($r=0.334^{**}$) and Mg($r=0.352^{**}$).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 1981

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of application of several soil amendment materials to an alluvial sandy soil on the rice growth and yield during the 1979. The materials used were the combinations of rice straw, rice hull, silicate fertilizer, red earth and zeolite. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The application of soil amendment materials considerably increased the number of tillers, plant height and dry matter of rice plant. Particularly, the zeolite treated plot resulted in much better growth in the late stage rather than in the early stage. 2. The plots treated with silicate fertilizer, rice hull and zeolite significantly increased the rice yield and so did those with red earth statistically at 5 % level. However, it was not significant with rice straw. 3. By the application of these materials, the silica content in rice plant was continuously increased untill the heading stage, the nitrogen content was high at the maximum tillering stage and the panicle initiating stage and the phosphorus content was high at panicle initiating stage, which were censidered to be the factors of yield increase. However, in the straw treated plot, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were high, while the silica content was low in rice plant. 4. Further, soil pH, C. E. C., content s of organic matter and silicate in soil treated with those materials were increased after experiment. compared with in the soil before experiment.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 1991

Effects of liming and starch application on the soil pH and mineralization of organic nitrogen were compared to control at $30+/10^{\circ}C$ incubation for six weeks in two soil types(loam, sandy loam) adjusted with 80% of field moisture capacity. 1. While soil pH was increased abruptyl one week after incubation in loam applied with lime and lime+starch, it tended to decrease at control during incubation period. Liming on sandy loam increased soil pH, and application of lime+starch together showed high pH at first week of incubation which was lowered slowly after wards. Significant changes in soil pH was not detected at control or starch application only. 2. The content of $NH_3-N$ in loam started to increse three weeks after incubation, and was maximized at fifth week. Positive correlation was shown at control during incubation period between soil pH and $NO_3-N$ content. Level of $NO_3-N$ content applied with starch or lime+starch was low compared to control. 3. The $NH_4-N$ content was high when sandy loam was applied with lime+starch together. At the first week of incubation, the $NO_3-N$ content was high at control or lime application.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.172-172
• /
• 2011

Anaerobic digestion(AD) has successfully been used for many applications that have conclusively demonstrated its ability to recycle biogenic wastes. AD has been successfully applied in industrial waste water treatment, stabilsation of sewage sludge, landfill management and recycling of biowaste and agricultural wastes as manure, energy crops. During AD, i.e. organic materials are decomposed by anaerobic forming bacteria and fina1ly converted to excellent fertilizer and biogas which is primarily composed of methane(CH4) and carbon dioxide(CO2) with smaller amounts of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) and ammonia(NH3), trace gases such as hydrogen(H2), nitrogen(N2), carbon monoxide(CO), oxygen(O2) and contain dust particles and siloxanes. The production and utilisation of biogas has several environmental advantages such as i)a renewable energy source, ii)reduction the release of methane to the atomsphere, iii)use as a substitute for fossil fuels. In utilisation of biogas, most of biogas produced from small scale plant e.g. farm-scale AD plant are used to provide as energy source for cooking and lighting, in most of the industrialised countries for energy recovery, environmental and safety reasons are used in combined heat and power(CHP) engines or as a supplement to natural. In particular, biogas to use as vehicle fuel or for grid injection there different biogas treatment steps are necessary, it is important to have a high energy content in biogas with biogas purification and upgrading. The energy content of biogas is in direct proportion to the methane content and by removing trace gases and carbon dioxide in the purification and upgrading process the energy content of biogas in increased. The process of purification and upgrading biogas generates new possibilities for its use since it can then replace natural gas, which is used extensively in many countries, However, those technologies add to the costs of biogas production. It is important to have an optimized purification and upgrading process in terms of low energy consumption and high efficiency giving high methane content in the upgraded gas. A number of technologies for purification and upgrading of biogas have been developed to use as a vehicle fuel or grid injection during the passed twenty years, and several technologies exist today and they are continually being improved. The biomethane which is produced from the purification and the upgrading process of biogas has gained increased attention due to rising oil and natural gas prices and increasing targets for renewable fuel quotes in many countries. New plants are continually being built and the number of biomethane plants was around 100 in 2009.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 1990

Some of soil properties already known were selected for the determination of their effect on soil moisture characteristics. Total number of 2,808 representative samples from all over Korea with the exception of Jeju Island were investigated. 1. Available water contents were 4.7 for S, 7.7 for LS, 13.2 for SL, 17.7 for L, 19.2 for SiL, 15.9 for CL, 14.5 for SCL, 18.7 for SiCL, 17.3 for SiC, and 14.9% for C, respectively. 2. Simple regression analysis showed that field capacity and available water content were most strongly associated with sand content in coarse-textured soils, and with organic matter content in fine-textured soils, whereas permanent wilting point was closely associated with clay content. 3. Available water was strongly associated with silt content and also significantly with field capacity, but either not at all or negatively with permanent wilting point. 4. Prediction equations for available water and field capacity were drown out from known soil properties, which can be used for each textural class.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.374-384
• /
• 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the food value of Dae Hong(Prunus mume Siebold et Zucc), and also to analyzed contents of general component, free sugar, organic acid, amino acid, mineral element, and vitamins. The carbohydrate of Dae Hog showed the highest content of 46.8±0.92%, followed by crude protein(18.9±0.01%), moisture content(11.8±0.13%), and crude fiber, crude fat, ash(5.7±0.94~6.7±0.52%). In case of free sugar contents, 5 types were found. Most of them were mannitol and fructose. 6 mineral contents were also found, too; K and P showed the highest level. The total phenol content was 615.99±0.52 mg/100 g. Including seven different type of essential amino acids, the total amino acid content of Dae Hong was 121.42 mg/g. These results point out the potential of Dae Hong as innovative food for health or to be incorporated in new products as natural food preservatives and supplements.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.492-501
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the physiochemical characteristics of Cheongju prepared using different types of rice (rice and glutinous rice) according to addition rate of Nuruk during low temperature fermentation. The characteristics of Cheongju prepared using three different temperatures ($10^{\circ}C$, $18^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$) were compared. After fermentation for 30-50 days, the pH of mash prepared at lower temperature was lower, as was that of mash made from rice relative to that prepared using glutinous rice. The total acidity was formed at lower temperature and generated in mashing prepared by glutinous rice. The organic acid content of mash made from rice at $18^{\circ}C$ was lowest, while that of mash prepared from glutinous rice was lowest at $10^{\circ}C$. The fermentation speed was lowest at $10^{\circ}C$; however, low temperature fermentation resulted in the highest alcohol content. The mash prepared from glutinous rice showed faster fermentation than that made from rice. In addition, the pH was lower when lower levels of Nuruk were added and higher in mash made from glutinous rice than that prepared from rice. The lower addition rate of Nuruk also showed a lower sugar content and final alcohol content. The levels of citric acid and lactic acid were higher, while those of succinic acid, acetic acid, and ethyl acetate were lower when lower levels of Nuruk were added. The mash prepared from glutinous rice showed a higher alcohol content than that made from rice.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 1981

Trichoxanthes Kirilowii with high starch-content was investigated to utilize as a food source. The weight and starch content of Trichoxanthes Kirilowii roots increased rapid1y in proporion to the growth period. The seasonal variations of the starch content were $36.5{\sim}48.0%$ (dry basis) from June to December. The chemical properties of natural growth soils of Trichoxanthes Kirilowii contained more organic matter and total nitrogen content than citrus orchard soils, but less mineral; P,K,Ca and Mg. To prepare starch with the plant root, the centrifugal method(3,000 rpm, 20 min) obtained the highest yield. The industrial-scale method, was similar to the processing of sweetpotato starch (tank precipitation method), and was good in quality. The starch granules were mainly spherical with diameters ranging from $5{\sim}16{\mu}$. The density of the starch was 1.535 and amylose content was about 26.7%. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the granules were of the B-type. The blue value of starch, amylose and amylopectin was 0.46, 0.80 and 0.18, respectively. The starch contained 0.05% ash, 0.35% crude protein and 34 mg% phosphorus. and had an inital pasting temperature of $63.5^{\circ}C$. The color intensity of the starch which iodine gave rise to absorption maxima at 670nm. The starch paste showed high stability during cold storage at $5^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.202-208
• /
• 2006

Juice obtained from premature citrus fruits was deacidified by electrodialysis (ED), and its physicochemical and functional properties were evaluated. Total acidities decreased from 3.15 (Aug), 1.62 (Sep), and 1.45% (Oct) to 2.37 (Aug), 0.86 (Sep), and 0.74% (Oct) by electrodialysis for 100 min, respectively, whereas $^{\circ}Brix$ to acid ratio increased, and pH and color remained almost unchanged. Free sugar content of premature citrus juice remained almost unchanged, while organic acid content decreased significantly. Narirutin and hesperidin contents among flavonoids slightly, but not significantly, decreased. $K^+,\;PO_4\;^{2-},\;SO_42^-,\;and\;Cl^-$ contents decreased by ED, with $K^+$ content showing more than 60% decrease, while $Na^+$ content increased 2.5-3.5 times. Total polyphenol content and electron-donating ability decreased slightly by ED, while nitrite-scavenging ability remained almost constant. Sensory evaluation indicated juice (Sep) subjected to ED processing to $12^{\circ}Brix$ with sugar had the highest preference.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.419-423
• /
• 2011

BACKGROUND: Inorganic component is made up largely of salt, because the criteria are difficult to split into domestic and imported ingredients, organic examined the fatty acid composition is to see a possible use as a marker using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The 14 domestic samples and 8 imported samples were collected from China, India and other countries were investigated on item of 37 fatty acids. METHODS AND RESULTS: The major components were six species, myristic acid ($C_{14:0}$), palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$), palmitoleic acid ($C_{16:1}$), stearic acid ($C_{18:0}$), oleic acid ($C_{18:2,n9}$), linoleic acid ($C_{18:2,n6}$) among detected twenty fatty acids including 9 unknowns. The content of palmitic acid were highest as 25.2 to 50.8% of total fatty acids contents. Domestic has seen the most amount of salt in the Taepyeong salts $250.8{\mu}g$/100g, imports $135.2{\mu}g$/100g salt in Chinese Weifang salts showed the lowest content. CONCLUSION(s): The total fatty acid content has seen the most amount of salt in 352.3 ug/100g Christmas island salts showed the lowest content of $164.0{\mu}g$/100g, as a result it is difficult to distinguish the domestic salts and imported by the composition of fatty acid.